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Forgotten Empires

This dataset provides an overview of various historical empires, detailing their regions, periods of existence, notable contributions, languages spoken, and significant rulers. It highlights the rich cultural and technological legacies of these civilizations across different time periods and geographical areas.

  1. Empire Name: The name of the empire being described.
  2. Region: The geographical area where the empire was located.
  3. Period of Existence: The time frame during which the empire was active, often denoting beginning and ending years.
  4. Notable Contributions: Key achievements or contributions of the empire to culture, technology, or society.
  5. Language: The primary language spoken or used by the people of the empire.
  6. Significant Rulers: Notable leaders or rulers who played a crucial role in the empire's history.

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Sample Data

Empire Name Region Period of Existence Notable Contributions Language Significant Rulers
Uruk Mesopotamia c. 4500 – 3100 BCE Early urbanization, cuneiform writing Sumerian Gilgamesh
Elam Iran c. 2700 – 539 BCE Art, architecture, metalworking Elamite Untash-Napirisha
Hittite Empire Anatolia c. 1600 – 1178 BCE Iron Age technology, treaties Hittite Hattusili III
Mitanni Near East c. 1500 – 1300 BCE Horse training, chariot technology Hurrian Tushratta
Phoenician Empire Mediterranean c. 1500 – 300 BCE Alphabet, trade routes Phoenician Hiram I
Aksumite Empire Horn of Africa c. 100 – 940 CE Trade, monumental obelisks Ge'ez Ezana
Parthian Empire Iran c. 247 BCE – 224 CE Silk Road trade, arts Middle Persian Mithridates I
Seljuk Empire Middle East c. 1037 – 1194 CE Cultural fusion, architecture Turkic Tughril Beg
Khmer Empire Southeast Asia c. 802 – 1431 CE Angkor Wat, irrigation systems Khmer Jayavarman II
Maratha Empire India 1674 – 1818 CE Military strategies, administration Marathi Shivaji
Khanate of Khiva Central Asia 1511 – 1920 CE Silk trade, governance Turkic Muhammad Rahim Khan II
Tang Dynasty China 618 – 907 CE Trade expansion, cultural advancements Chinese Li Yuan
Natchez Tribe North America c. 800 – 1730 CE Mound building, agriculture Natchez Great Sun
Saite Dynasty Egypt c. 664 – 525 BCE Artistic achievement, trade Ancient Egyptian Psamtik I
Mali Empire West Africa c. 1235 – 1600 CE Education, wealth, trade Mande Mansa Musa
Chola Dynasty India c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE Maritime trade, temple architecture Tamil Rajaraja Chola I
Qin Dynasty China 221 – 206 BCE Great Wall, centralized governance Chinese Qin Shi Huang
Songhai Empire West Africa c. 1430 – 1591 CE Scholarship, trade routes Songhai Askia Mohammad I
Tanganyika East Africa 19th Century Cultural exchange, trade networks Swahili Various
Kingdom of Axum Horn of Africa c. 100 – 940 CE Christianity's spread, coinage Ge'ez King Ezana
Ottoman Empire Middle East/Europe 1299 – 1922 CE Architecture, cultural synthesis Turkish Suleiman the Magnificent
Roman Empire Mediterranean 27 BCE – 476 CE Law, architecture, governance Latin Augustus
Byzantine Empire Eastern Mediterranean 330 – 1453 CE Preservation of Greek/Roman knowledge Greek Justinian I
Khazar Khaganate Eurasia c. 650 – 965 CE Cultural exchange, trade routes Turkic Bulanchak
Zhou Dynasty China c. 1046 – 256 BCE Philosophy, feudal system Chinese Wuwang
Scythian Empire Eurasia c. 900 – 200 BCE Nomadic warfare, art Scythian Atei
Viking Age Northern Europe 793 – 1066 CE Exploration, trade, settlement Old Norse Harald Hardrada
Campanian Neolithic Italy c. 6000 – 2000 BCE Early agriculture, pottery Various NaN
West African Kingdom of Ghana West Africa c. 300 – 1200 CE Gold trade, cultural influence Soninke Basi
Kingdom of Kush Nubia c. 1070 BCE – 350 CE Pyramids, iron-working Meroitic Piye
Seljuk Empire Middle East 1037 – 1194 CE Architecture, cultural synthesis Turkish Tughril Beg
Kingdom of Silla Korea 57 BCE – 935 CE Buddhism, art, culture Korean Queen Seondeok
Great Zimbabwe Southern Africa 1100 – 1450 CE Stone construction, trade Shona NaN
Rashidun Caliphate Middle East 632 – 661 CE Expansion of Islam, governance Arabic Abu Bakr
Han Dynasty China 206 BCE – 220 CE Silk Road trade, innovations Chinese Emperor Wu
Umayyad Caliphate Middle East/Iberia 661 – 750 CE Expansion of Islam, culture Arabic Abdul Malik
Antiochus Dynasty Syria c. 300 – 63 BCE Cultural fusion, Hellenization Greek Antiochus III
Chavín Civilization Peru c. 900 – 200 BCE Multi-regional influence, art Chavín NaN
Assyrian Empire Mesopotamia c. 2500 – 605 BCE Military strategies, administration Akkadian Ashurbanipal
Angkor Empire Southeast Asia c. 802 – 1431 CE Religious influence, architecture Khmer Jayavarman VII
Armada of Spain Europe/Indonesia 16th Century Maritime power, cultural exchange Spanish Philip II
Romanov Dynasty Russia 1613 – 1917 CE Modernization, territorial expansion Russian Peter the Great
Alodia Nubia c. 500 – 1500 CE Christianity, trade Nubian Various
Nabataean Kingdom Arabia c. 4th Century BCE – 106 CE Trade, architecture Nabataean Aretas IV
Carthaginian Empire North Africa c. 814 – 146 BCE Naval power, trade Punic Hannibal
Antigonid Kingdom Macedonia c. 306 – 168 BCE Hellenistic culture, politics Greek Antigonus I
Fatimid Caliphate North Africa/Middle East 909 – 1171 CE Islamic culture, trade Arabic Al-Muizz
Sassanid Empire Iran 224 – 651 CE Zoroastrianism, arts, architecture Middle Persian Khosrow I
Norse Greenland Greenland c. 986 – 1450 CE Exploration, settlement Old Norse Erik the Red
Cinque Ports Confederation England c. 1155–16th Century Maritime trade, defense English Various
Scandinavian Union Scandinavia 1397 – 1523 CE Political union, trade Danish Margaret I
Inca Empire South America c. 1438 – 1533 CE Agricultural innovation, road systems Quechua Pachacuti
Frankish Kingdom Western Europe c. 481 – 843 CE Feudalism, Carolingian Renaissance Frankish Charlemagne
Xiongnu Empire Central Asia c. 300 BCE – 200 CE Nomadic confederation, warfare Xiongnu Mongke Chanyu
Jin Dynasty China 1115 – 1234 CE Culture, military techniques Jurchen Wanyan Aguda
Malacca Sultanate Southeast Asia c. 1400 – 1511 CE Trading hub, cultural exchange Malay Parameswara
Kingdom of Bunyoro Uganda c. 14th Century – Present Agriculture, cultural heritage Runyoro Omukama Nuhakama
Polynesian Kingdoms Pacific Islands c. 1000 – 1850 CE Navigation, cultural practices Various NaN
Roman Britain Britain 43 – 410 CE Roads, architecture, law Latin Hadrian
Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt Egypt 305 – 30 BCE Hellenistic culture, science Greek Cleopatra VII
Norse Culture Scandinavia c. 800 – 1100 CE Exploration, poetry, sagas Norse Leif Erikson
Spanish Empire Worldwide 1492 – 1898 CE Colonization, trade networks Spanish Philip II
Portuguese Empire Worldwide 1415 – 1999 CE Maritime exploration, trade Portuguese Henry the Navigator
Chola Empire India/Southeast Asia c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE Art, temple architecture Tamil Rajaraja Chola I
Nouadhibou Confederacy Mauritania Pre-colonial Era Trade, governance Arabic NaN
Kingdom of Novgorod Russia Early Middle Ages Trade, governance Old Russian Gustaf Arvidsson
Nan Madol Micronesia c. 1100 – 1600 CE Stone construction, political center Pohnpeian NaN
Vandals North Africa c. 430 – 534 CE Naval power, cultural influence Vandalic Genseric
Seljuk Turks Middle East c. 1037 – 1194 CE Islamic culture, warfare Turkic Tughril Beg
Kingdom of Zimbabwe Southern Africa c. 1100 – 1450 CE Trade, architecture Shona NaN
Khmt (Kemet) Egypt c. 3100 – 332 BCE Writing, monumental architecture Egyptian Pharaoh Narmer
Albanian Kingdom Balkans c. 12th Century – 1431 CE Cultural heritage, military strategies Albanian Skanderbeg
Malwa Sultanate India c. 1400–1531 CE Cultural synthesis, trade Hindi Mahmud Khilji
Augustan Rome Italy 27 BCE – 14 CE Cultural advancements, legal reforms Latin Augustus
Burgundian State France c. 407 – 1477 CE Cultural fusion, economy Latin Charles the Bold
Sardinian Kingdom Sardinia Early Medieval Cultural heritage, governance Sardinian Various
Talaiotic Culture Balearic Islands Prehistoric Megalithic construction, agriculture Talaiotic NaN
Iberian Kingdoms Iberian Peninsula c. 500 – 1492 CE Cultural exchange, trade Latin/Castilian Various
Chimu Empire Peru c. 900 – 1470 CE Agriculture, metalworking Chimu NaN
Lady of Elche Spain c. 4th Century BCE – 1st Century CE Art, culture Iberian NaN
Al Ruha Jordan c. 200 CE – 700 CE Cultural fusion, trade Arabic NaN
Savoyard State Italy c. 200 – 1860 CE Trade, politics Italian/French Emmanuel Philibert
Kingdom of Sogdiana Central Asia c. 600 BCE – 1000 CE Silk Road trade, cultural exchange Sogdian NaN
Kingdom of Mallorca Mallorca c. 1229 – 1349 CE Cultural synthesis, trade Catalan Jaume I
Republic of Venice Italy c. 697 – 1797 CE Maritime power, commerce Italian Venice Doge
Maratha Empire India 1674 – 1818 CE Regional autonomy, military tactics Marathi Shivaji
Kingdom of Navarra Spain c. 900 – 1512 CE Political alliance, trade Navarrese Sancho VI
Khazaria Eurasia c. 650 – 965 CE Trade, cultural exchange Turkic/Hebrew Bolu
Catawba Nation North America c. 1650 – 1759 CE Agriculture, local governance Catawba Various
Sogdian City-States Central Asia c. 700 BCE – 1000 CE Cultural exchange, trade Sogdian NaN
Teutonic Order Eastern Europe 1190 – 1561 CE Crusades, trade German Hermann von Salza
Kingdom of Flanders Belgium c. 862 – 1795 CE Cultural impact, economy Flemish Various
Nanzhao Kingdom China c. 748 – 902 CE Cultural syncretism, trade Bai Dali King
Trigavel Kingdom Spain c. 8th Century onwards Cultural achievements, defense Asturleonese NaN
Kingdom of Serbia Balkans c. 1196 – 1371 CE Military conflicts, culture Serbian Stefan Dušan
Chakra Monarchy India c. 1350 – 1614 CE Cultural contributions Hindi NaN
Jinshan United States China c. 1st Century BCE – 2nd Century CE Economic development, trade Chinese NaN
Chandela Dynasty India c. 9th – 12th Century CE Architecture, literature Hindi Khajuraho
Swahili City-States East Africa c. 1000 CE – 1500 CE Maritime trade, culture Swahili Various
Silla Kingdom Korea c. 57 BCE – 935 CE Cultural advancements, Buddhism Korean Heo Hwang-ok
Mjölnir Kingdom Scandinavia NaN Cultural legacy, arts Norse NaN
Akhadian Empire Mesopotamia c. 2334 – 2154 BCE First empire, administration Akkadian Sargon of Akkad
Medieval Sicily Italy c. 831 – 1194 CE Cultural exchange, trade Arabic/Sicilian Roger II
Mitanni Kingdom Near East c. 1500 – 1300 BCE Horses, chariotry Hurrian Tushratta
House of Saxe-Coburg Germany c. 1830 – 1918 CE Royal dynasties, European politics German Albert
East India Company India 1600 – 1874 CE Colonial trade, governance English Warren Hastings
Khmer Empire Southeast Asia 802 – 1431 CE Angkor Wat, irrigation Khmer Jayavarman II
Okhrid Macedonia c. 4th Century BCE – Early Middle Ages Cultural center, administration Greek/Slavic NaN
Sultanal Arakan Myanmar c. 1430 – 1784 CE Maritime power, trade Burmese NaN
Ipeq Bulgaria c. 861 – 1018 CE Cultural foundation, education Bulgarian Boris I
Kingdom of Achaemenid Persians Persia c. 550 – 330 BCE Administration, roads Persian Cyrus the Great
Orang Asli Tribes Malaysia c. 300 BCE – present Indigenous culture, crafts Malay NaN
Odisha Empire India c. 800 – 1400 CE Cultural synthesis, architecture Odia NaN
Janic Kingdom North Africa c. 1st Century – 3rd Century CE Cultural exchange, trade Latin Merovech
Diadochi Kingdoms Greece 323 – 30 BCE Secondary Monarchies, Hellenistic culture Greek Antigonids
Nabateans Arabia c. 4th Century BCE – 106 CE Trade, architecture Nabataean Aretas IV
Kingdom of Wessex England c. 519 – 927 CE Anglo-Saxon culture, unification Old English Alfred the Great
Chymar Empire Central Asia c. 200 BCE – 100 CE Urban centers, trade Chymar NaN
Fu Manchu Asia c. 1900 – 1970 CE Cultural figures Various NaN
Albania Kingdom Albania c. 1190–1479 CE Culture, arts Albanian Ismail Qemali
Bosporan Kingdom Taurica c. 480 BCE – 370 CE Cultural integration, trade routes Sarmatian NaN
Iberian Peninsula Cultures Spain/Portugal c. 3000 BCE – c. 1000 CE Cultural heritage, art Iberian NaN
Vatican States Italy c. 754 AD – present Religious influence, architecture Latin Pope Leo XIII
Tribal Confederation of Gallia France c. 400 – 100 CE Political structures, culture Gallic Various
Timurid Empire Central Asia 1370 - 1507 CE Cultural revival, architecture Persian Timur
Taliban United States Afghanistan 1996 – 2001, 2021 – Present Cultural influence, politics Pashto/Dari Mullah Omar
Almacigue South America 15th Century – 19th Century Cultural practices, ecology Various NaN
Mitla Mexico c. 950 – 1521 CE Architectural heritage, art Zapotec NaN
Burgher Union India 1525 – 1600 CE Cultural exchange, trade Gujarati NaN
Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms England 410 – 1066 CE Historical legacies, culture Old English Bede
Namibia Confederation Africa c. 1950 – Present Cultural practices, autochthonous rights Various NaN
Algiers North Africa c. 1516 – 1830 CE Cultural exchange, piracy Arabic Baba Ali
Galician Kingdom Spain c. 800 – 1230 CE Cultural achievements Galician Ramón Menéndez Pidal
Bazantyn Ukraine c. 9th Century – 1480 CE Cultural interactions, agriculture Rus/Ruthenian Various
Carthaginian Republic North Africa c. 814 – 146 BCE Naval dominance, trade Punic Hannibal
Swahili Empires East Africa c. 1000 – 1500 CE Cultural interactions, trade Swahili NaN
Tuscan,"Italy c. 1100 – 15th Century Architectural innovations, agriculture Tuscany NaN NaN
Cascadia North America c. 16th – 20th Century Cultural heritage, civilizational developments Cascadian NaN
Norwegian Akershus Scandinavia c. 1300 – 1800 Military history, trade Norwegian Various
Zhou Dynasty c. 1046 – 256 BCE Philosophical developments, governance Chinese Wuwang NaN
Navarre Kingdom Spain c. 905 – 1512 CE Cultural synthesis, defense Basque Sancho II
Tucson Rodeo Arizona 1820 – present Cultural activities, agriculture English (Spanish region) NaN
Kalmar Union "Scandinavia" 1397 – 1523 CE Unification of Scandinavian kingdoms Danish Margaret I
Selkuja Middle East 1037 – 1194 CE Architectural achievements, cultural fusion Persian Tughril Beg
Khalsa India 1699 – present Sikh identity, spirituality Punjabi Gobind Singh
Caledonia Scotland c. 1st Century AD - 5th Century CE Celtic heritage, resistance Gaelic NaN
Sasanian Empire Iran 224 – 651 CE Cultural developments, governance Middle Persian Khosrow II
Ali Pasha Epirus Greece c. 1744 – 1822 CE Ottoman administration, rebellion Albanian Ali Pasha
Bysanz Eastern Mediterranean c. 330 – 1453 CE Cultural fusion, governance Greek Justinian I
Zulu Empire South Africa c. 1816 – 1897 CE Military organization, culture Zulu Shaka Zulu
Macromeric Empire Central Asia c. 2600 – 2000 BCE Cultural advancements Macromeric NaN
Kingdom of Uí Néill Ireland c. 400 – 1167 CE Celtic governance, Ireland Irish Niall of the Nine Hostages
Scythian Eurasia c. 900 – 200 BCE Military strategies, trade routes Scythian Various
Venetian Republic Venice 421 – 1797 CE Naval power, trade Italian Enrico Dandolo
Haida Nation North America c. 1500 – Present Cultural heritage, craftsmanship Haida Chiefs and leaders
Burgundian State France c. 407 – 1477 CE Finesse in trade, arts French Duke Philip the Good
Hausa Kingdoms West Africa c. 1000 – 1800 CE Trade networks, governance Hausa Various
Anjou Kingdom France/England c. 931 – 1485 CE Cultural exchanges, politics Old French Henry II
Chola Dynasty India c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE Art, literature, architecture Tamil Rajendra Chola I
Great Moravia Czech Republic/Slovakia c. 833 – 907 CE Cultural influence, governance Slavic Svatopluk I
Empire of Nicaea Byzantine Greece 1204 – 1261 CE Cultural renaissance, resistance Greek Theodore II
Chakra Empire Subcontinent c. 13th Century – 17th Century Astronomy, mathematics Hindi Various
Achyutharaya Empire India c. 1530 – 1646 CE Architecture, cultural synthesis Kannada Achyutharaya
Aztec Empire Mesoamerica 1428 – 1521 CE Cultural and agricultural advancements Nahuatl Moctezuma II
Shaiva Kingdoms South Asia c. 600 – 1200 CE Cultural precursors Tamil Various
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