- Empire Name: Uruk
  Region: Mesopotamia
  Period of Existence: "c. 4500 \u2013 3100 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Early urbanization, cuneiform writing
  Language: Sumerian
  Significant Rulers: Gilgamesh
- Empire Name: Elam
  Region: Iran
  Period of Existence: "c. 2700 \u2013 539 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Art, architecture, metalworking
  Language: Elamite
  Significant Rulers: Untash-Napirisha
- Empire Name: Hittite Empire
  Region: Anatolia
  Period of Existence: "c. 1600 \u2013 1178 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Iron Age technology, treaties
  Language: Hittite
  Significant Rulers: Hattusili III
- Empire Name: Mitanni
  Region: Near East
  Period of Existence: "c. 1500 \u2013 1300 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Horse training, chariot technology
  Language: Hurrian
  Significant Rulers: Tushratta
- Empire Name: Phoenician Empire
  Region: Mediterranean
  Period of Existence: "c. 1500 \u2013 300 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Alphabet, trade routes
  Language: Phoenician
  Significant Rulers: Hiram I
- Empire Name: Aksumite Empire
  Region: Horn of Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 100 \u2013 940 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade, monumental obelisks
  Language: Ge'ez
  Significant Rulers: Ezana
- Empire Name: Parthian Empire
  Region: Iran
  Period of Existence: "c. 247 BCE \u2013 224 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Silk Road trade, arts
  Language: Middle Persian
  Significant Rulers: Mithridates I
- Empire Name: Seljuk Empire
  Region: Middle East
  Period of Existence: "c. 1037 \u2013 1194 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural fusion, architecture
  Language: Turkic
  Significant Rulers: Tughril Beg
- Empire Name: Khmer Empire
  Region: Southeast Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 802 \u2013 1431 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Angkor Wat, irrigation systems
  Language: Khmer
  Significant Rulers: Jayavarman II
- Empire Name: Maratha Empire
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "1674 \u2013 1818 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Military strategies, administration
  Language: Marathi
  Significant Rulers: Shivaji
- Empire Name: Khanate of Khiva
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: "1511 \u2013 1920 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Silk trade, governance
  Language: Turkic
  Significant Rulers: Muhammad Rahim Khan II
- Empire Name: Tang Dynasty
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "618 \u2013 907 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade expansion, cultural advancements
  Language: Chinese
  Significant Rulers: Li Yuan
- Empire Name: Natchez Tribe
  Region: North America
  Period of Existence: "c. 800 \u2013 1730 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Mound building, agriculture
  Language: Natchez
  Significant Rulers: Great Sun
- Empire Name: Saite Dynasty
  Region: Egypt
  Period of Existence: "c. 664 \u2013 525 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Artistic achievement, trade
  Language: Ancient Egyptian
  Significant Rulers: Psamtik I
- Empire Name: Mali Empire
  Region: West Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1235 \u2013 1600 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Education, wealth, trade
  Language: Mande
  Significant Rulers: Mansa Musa
- Empire Name: Chola Dynasty
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Maritime trade, temple architecture
  Language: Tamil
  Significant Rulers: Rajaraja Chola I
- Empire Name: Qin Dynasty
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "221 \u2013 206 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Great Wall, centralized governance
  Language: Chinese
  Significant Rulers: Qin Shi Huang
- Empire Name: Songhai Empire
  Region: West Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1430 \u2013 1591 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Scholarship, trade routes
  Language: Songhai
  Significant Rulers: Askia Mohammad I
- Empire Name: Tanganyika
  Region: East Africa
  Period of Existence: 19th Century
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade networks
  Language: Swahili
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Axum
  Region: Horn of Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 100 \u2013 940 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Christianity's spread, coinage
  Language: Ge'ez
  Significant Rulers: King Ezana
- Empire Name: Ottoman Empire
  Region: Middle East/Europe
  Period of Existence: "1299 \u2013 1922 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Architecture, cultural synthesis
  Language: Turkish
  Significant Rulers: Suleiman the Magnificent
- Empire Name: Roman Empire
  Region: Mediterranean
  Period of Existence: "27 BCE \u2013 476 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Law, architecture, governance
  Language: Latin
  Significant Rulers: Augustus
- Empire Name: Byzantine Empire
  Region: Eastern Mediterranean
  Period of Existence: "330 \u2013 1453 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Preservation of Greek/Roman knowledge
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Justinian I
- Empire Name: Khazar Khaganate
  Region: Eurasia
  Period of Existence: "c. 650 \u2013 965 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade routes
  Language: Turkic
  Significant Rulers: Bulanchak
- Empire Name: Zhou Dynasty
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "c. 1046 \u2013 256 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Philosophy, feudal system
  Language: Chinese
  Significant Rulers: Wuwang
- Empire Name: Scythian Empire
  Region: Eurasia
  Period of Existence: "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Nomadic warfare, art
  Language: Scythian
  Significant Rulers: Atei
- Empire Name: Viking Age
  Region: Northern Europe
  Period of Existence: "793 \u2013 1066 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Exploration, trade, settlement
  Language: Old Norse
  Significant Rulers: Harald Hardrada
- Empire Name: Campanian Neolithic
  Region: Italy
  Period of Existence: "c. 6000 \u2013 2000 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Early agriculture, pottery
  Language: Various
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: West African Kingdom of Ghana
  Region: West Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 \u2013 1200 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Gold trade, cultural influence
  Language: Soninke
  Significant Rulers: Basi
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Kush
  Region: Nubia
  Period of Existence: "c. 1070 BCE \u2013 350 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Pyramids, iron-working
  Language: Meroitic
  Significant Rulers: Piye
- Empire Name: Seljuk Empire
  Region: Middle East
  Period of Existence: "1037 \u2013 1194 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Architecture, cultural synthesis
  Language: Turkish
  Significant Rulers: Tughril Beg
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Silla
  Region: Korea
  Period of Existence: "57 BCE \u2013 935 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Buddhism, art, culture
  Language: Korean
  Significant Rulers: Queen Seondeok
- Empire Name: Great Zimbabwe
  Region: Southern Africa
  Period of Existence: "1100 \u2013 1450 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Stone construction, trade
  Language: Shona
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Rashidun Caliphate
  Region: Middle East
  Period of Existence: "632 \u2013 661 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Expansion of Islam, governance
  Language: Arabic
  Significant Rulers: Abu Bakr
- Empire Name: Han Dynasty
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "206 BCE \u2013 220 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Silk Road trade, innovations
  Language: Chinese
  Significant Rulers: Emperor Wu
- Empire Name: Umayyad Caliphate
  Region: Middle East/Iberia
  Period of Existence: "661 \u2013 750 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Expansion of Islam, culture
  Language: Arabic
  Significant Rulers: Abdul Malik
- Empire Name: Antiochus Dynasty
  Region: Syria
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 \u2013 63 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural fusion, Hellenization
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Antiochus III
- Empire Name: "Chav\xEDn Civilization"
  Region: Peru
  Period of Existence: "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Multi-regional influence, art
  Language: "Chav\xEDn"
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Assyrian Empire
  Region: Mesopotamia
  Period of Existence: "c. 2500 \u2013 605 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Military strategies, administration
  Language: Akkadian
  Significant Rulers: Ashurbanipal
- Empire Name: Angkor Empire
  Region: Southeast Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 802 \u2013 1431 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Religious influence, architecture
  Language: Khmer
  Significant Rulers: Jayavarman VII
- Empire Name: Armada of Spain
  Region: Europe/Indonesia
  Period of Existence: 16th Century
  Notable Contributions: Maritime power, cultural exchange
  Language: Spanish
  Significant Rulers: Philip II
- Empire Name: Romanov Dynasty
  Region: Russia
  Period of Existence: "1613 \u2013 1917 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Modernization, territorial expansion
  Language: Russian
  Significant Rulers: Peter the Great
- Empire Name: Alodia
  Region: Nubia
  Period of Existence: "c. 500 \u2013 1500 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Christianity, trade
  Language: Nubian
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Nabataean Kingdom
  Region: Arabia
  Period of Existence: "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 106 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade, architecture
  Language: Nabataean
  Significant Rulers: Aretas IV
- Empire Name: Carthaginian Empire
  Region: North Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 814 \u2013 146 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Naval power, trade
  Language: Punic
  Significant Rulers: Hannibal
- Empire Name: Antigonid Kingdom
  Region: Macedonia
  Period of Existence: "c. 306 \u2013 168 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Hellenistic culture, politics
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Antigonus I
- Empire Name: Fatimid Caliphate
  Region: North Africa/Middle East
  Period of Existence: "909 \u2013 1171 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Islamic culture, trade
  Language: Arabic
  Significant Rulers: Al-Muizz
- Empire Name: Sassanid Empire
  Region: Iran
  Period of Existence: "224 \u2013 651 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Zoroastrianism, arts, architecture
  Language: Middle Persian
  Significant Rulers: Khosrow I
- Empire Name: Norse Greenland
  Region: Greenland
  Period of Existence: "c. 986 \u2013 1450 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Exploration, settlement
  Language: Old Norse
  Significant Rulers: Erik the Red
- Empire Name: Cinque Ports Confederation
  Region: England
  Period of Existence: "c. 1155\u201316th Century"
  Notable Contributions: Maritime trade, defense
  Language: English
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Scandinavian Union
  Region: Scandinavia
  Period of Existence: "1397 \u2013 1523 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Political union, trade
  Language: Danish
  Significant Rulers: Margaret I
- Empire Name: Inca Empire
  Region: South America
  Period of Existence: "c. 1438 \u2013 1533 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Agricultural innovation, road systems
  Language: Quechua
  Significant Rulers: Pachacuti
- Empire Name: Frankish Kingdom
  Region: Western Europe
  Period of Existence: "c. 481 \u2013 843 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Feudalism, Carolingian Renaissance
  Language: Frankish
  Significant Rulers: Charlemagne
- Empire Name: Xiongnu Empire
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 BCE \u2013 200 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Nomadic confederation, warfare
  Language: Xiongnu
  Significant Rulers: Mongke Chanyu
- Empire Name: Jin Dynasty
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "1115 \u2013 1234 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Culture, military techniques
  Language: Jurchen
  Significant Rulers: Wanyan Aguda
- Empire Name: Malacca Sultanate
  Region: Southeast Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 1400 \u2013 1511 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trading hub, cultural exchange
  Language: Malay
  Significant Rulers: Parameswara
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Bunyoro
  Region: Uganda
  Period of Existence: "c. 14th Century \u2013 Present"
  Notable Contributions: Agriculture, cultural heritage
  Language: Runyoro
  Significant Rulers: Omukama Nuhakama
- Empire Name: Polynesian Kingdoms
  Region: Pacific Islands
  Period of Existence: "c. 1000 \u2013 1850 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Navigation, cultural practices
  Language: Various
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Roman Britain
  Region: Britain
  Period of Existence: "43 \u2013 410 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Roads, architecture, law
  Language: Latin
  Significant Rulers: Hadrian
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt
  Region: Egypt
  Period of Existence: "305 \u2013 30 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Hellenistic culture, science
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Cleopatra VII
- Empire Name: Norse Culture
  Region: Scandinavia
  Period of Existence: "c. 800 \u2013 1100 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Exploration, poetry, sagas
  Language: Norse
  Significant Rulers: Leif Erikson
- Empire Name: Spanish Empire
  Region: Worldwide
  Period of Existence: "1492 \u2013 1898 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Colonization, trade networks
  Language: Spanish
  Significant Rulers: Philip II
- Empire Name: Portuguese Empire
  Region: Worldwide
  Period of Existence: "1415 \u2013 1999 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Maritime exploration, trade
  Language: Portuguese
  Significant Rulers: Henry the Navigator
- Empire Name: Chola Empire
  Region: India/Southeast Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Art, temple architecture
  Language: Tamil
  Significant Rulers: Rajaraja Chola I
- Empire Name: Nouadhibou Confederacy
  Region: Mauritania
  Period of Existence: Pre-colonial Era
  Notable Contributions: Trade, governance
  Language: Arabic
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Novgorod
  Region: Russia
  Period of Existence: Early Middle Ages
  Notable Contributions: Trade, governance
  Language: Old Russian
  Significant Rulers: Gustaf Arvidsson
- Empire Name: Nan Madol
  Region: Micronesia
  Period of Existence: "c. 1100 \u2013 1600 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Stone construction, political center
  Language: Pohnpeian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Vandals
  Region: North Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 430 \u2013 534 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Naval power, cultural influence
  Language: Vandalic
  Significant Rulers: Genseric
- Empire Name: Seljuk Turks
  Region: Middle East
  Period of Existence: "c. 1037 \u2013 1194 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Islamic culture, warfare
  Language: Turkic
  Significant Rulers: Tughril Beg
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Zimbabwe
  Region: Southern Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1100 \u2013 1450 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade, architecture
  Language: Shona
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Khmt (Kemet)
  Region: Egypt
  Period of Existence: "c. 3100 \u2013 332 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Writing, monumental architecture
  Language: Egyptian
  Significant Rulers: Pharaoh Narmer
- Empire Name: Albanian Kingdom
  Region: Balkans
  Period of Existence: "c. 12th Century \u2013 1431 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural heritage, military strategies
  Language: Albanian
  Significant Rulers: Skanderbeg
- Empire Name: Malwa Sultanate
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 1400\u20131531 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural synthesis, trade
  Language: Hindi
  Significant Rulers: Mahmud Khilji
- Empire Name: Augustan Rome
  Region: Italy
  Period of Existence: "27 BCE \u2013 14 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural advancements, legal reforms
  Language: Latin
  Significant Rulers: Augustus
- Empire Name: Burgundian State
  Region: France
  Period of Existence: "c. 407 \u2013 1477 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural fusion, economy
  Language: Latin
  Significant Rulers: Charles the Bold
- Empire Name: Sardinian Kingdom
  Region: Sardinia
  Period of Existence: Early Medieval
  Notable Contributions: Cultural heritage, governance
  Language: Sardinian
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Talaiotic Culture
  Region: Balearic Islands
  Period of Existence: Prehistoric
  Notable Contributions: Megalithic construction, agriculture
  Language: Talaiotic
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Iberian Kingdoms
  Region: Iberian Peninsula
  Period of Existence: "c. 500 \u2013 1492 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade
  Language: Latin/Castilian
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Chimu Empire
  Region: Peru
  Period of Existence: "c. 900 \u2013 1470 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Agriculture, metalworking
  Language: Chimu
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Lady of Elche
  Region: Spain
  Period of Existence: "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 1st Century CE"
  Notable Contributions: Art, culture
  Language: Iberian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Al Ruha
  Region: Jordan
  Period of Existence: "c. 200 CE \u2013 700 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural fusion, trade
  Language: Arabic
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Savoyard State
  Region: Italy
  Period of Existence: "c. 200 \u2013 1860 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade, politics
  Language: Italian/French
  Significant Rulers: Emmanuel Philibert
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Sogdiana
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 600 BCE \u2013 1000 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Silk Road trade, cultural exchange
  Language: Sogdian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Mallorca
  Region: Mallorca
  Period of Existence: "c. 1229 \u2013 1349 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural synthesis, trade
  Language: Catalan
  Significant Rulers: Jaume I
- Empire Name: Republic of Venice
  Region: Italy
  Period of Existence: "c. 697 \u2013 1797 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Maritime power, commerce
  Language: Italian
  Significant Rulers: Venice Doge
- Empire Name: Maratha Empire
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "1674 \u2013 1818 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Regional autonomy, military tactics
  Language: Marathi
  Significant Rulers: Shivaji
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Navarra
  Region: Spain
  Period of Existence: "c. 900 \u2013 1512 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Political alliance, trade
  Language: Navarrese
  Significant Rulers: Sancho VI
- Empire Name: Khazaria
  Region: Eurasia
  Period of Existence: "c. 650 \u2013 965 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade, cultural exchange
  Language: Turkic/Hebrew
  Significant Rulers: Bolu
- Empire Name: Catawba Nation
  Region: North America
  Period of Existence: "c. 1650 \u2013 1759 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Agriculture, local governance
  Language: Catawba
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Sogdian City-States
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 700 BCE \u2013 1000 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade
  Language: Sogdian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Teutonic Order
  Region: Eastern Europe
  Period of Existence: "1190 \u2013 1561 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Crusades, trade
  Language: German
  Significant Rulers: Hermann von Salza
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Flanders
  Region: Belgium
  Period of Existence: "c. 862 \u2013 1795 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural impact, economy
  Language: Flemish
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Nanzhao Kingdom
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "c. 748 \u2013 902 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural syncretism, trade
  Language: Bai
  Significant Rulers: Dali King
- Empire Name: Trigavel Kingdom
  Region: Spain
  Period of Existence: c. 8th Century onwards
  Notable Contributions: Cultural achievements, defense
  Language: Asturleonese
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Serbia
  Region: Balkans
  Period of Existence: "c. 1196 \u2013 1371 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Military conflicts, culture
  Language: Serbian
  Significant Rulers: "Stefan Du\u0161an"
- Empire Name: Chakra Monarchy
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 1350 \u2013 1614 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural contributions
  Language: Hindi
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Jinshan United States
  Region: China
  Period of Existence: "c. 1st Century BCE \u2013 2nd Century CE"
  Notable Contributions: Economic development, trade
  Language: Chinese
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Chandela Dynasty
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 9th \u2013 12th Century CE"
  Notable Contributions: Architecture, literature
  Language: Hindi
  Significant Rulers: Khajuraho
- Empire Name: Swahili City-States
  Region: East Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1000 CE \u2013 1500 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Maritime trade, culture
  Language: Swahili
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Silla Kingdom
  Region: Korea
  Period of Existence: "c. 57 BCE \u2013 935 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural advancements, Buddhism
  Language: Korean
  Significant Rulers: Heo Hwang-ok
- Empire Name: "Mj\xF6lnir Kingdom"
  Region: Scandinavia
  Period of Existence: .nan
  Notable Contributions: Cultural legacy, arts
  Language: Norse
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Akhadian Empire
  Region: Mesopotamia
  Period of Existence: "c. 2334 \u2013 2154 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: First empire, administration
  Language: Akkadian
  Significant Rulers: Sargon of Akkad
- Empire Name: Medieval Sicily
  Region: Italy
  Period of Existence: "c. 831 \u2013 1194 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade
  Language: Arabic/Sicilian
  Significant Rulers: Roger II
- Empire Name: Mitanni Kingdom
  Region: Near East
  Period of Existence: "c. 1500 \u2013 1300 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Horses, chariotry
  Language: Hurrian
  Significant Rulers: Tushratta
- Empire Name: House of Saxe-Coburg
  Region: Germany
  Period of Existence: "c. 1830 \u2013 1918 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Royal dynasties, European politics
  Language: German
  Significant Rulers: Albert
- Empire Name: East India Company
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "1600 \u2013 1874 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Colonial trade, governance
  Language: English
  Significant Rulers: Warren Hastings
- Empire Name: Khmer Empire
  Region: Southeast Asia
  Period of Existence: "802 \u2013 1431 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Angkor Wat, irrigation
  Language: Khmer
  Significant Rulers: Jayavarman II
- Empire Name: Okhrid
  Region: Macedonia
  Period of Existence: "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 Early Middle Ages"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural center, administration
  Language: Greek/Slavic
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Sultanal Arakan
  Region: Myanmar
  Period of Existence: "c. 1430 \u2013 1784 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Maritime power, trade
  Language: Burmese
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Ipeq
  Region: Bulgaria
  Period of Existence: "c. 861 \u2013 1018 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural foundation, education
  Language: Bulgarian
  Significant Rulers: Boris I
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Achaemenid Persians
  Region: Persia
  Period of Existence: "c. 550 \u2013 330 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Administration, roads
  Language: Persian
  Significant Rulers: Cyrus the Great
- Empire Name: Orang Asli Tribes
  Region: Malaysia
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 BCE \u2013 present"
  Notable Contributions: Indigenous culture, crafts
  Language: Malay
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Odisha Empire
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 800 \u2013 1400 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural synthesis, architecture
  Language: Odia
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Janic Kingdom
  Region: North Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1st Century \u2013 3rd Century CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade
  Language: Latin
  Significant Rulers: Merovech
- Empire Name: Diadochi Kingdoms
  Region: Greece
  Period of Existence: "323 \u2013 30 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Secondary Monarchies, Hellenistic culture
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Antigonids
- Empire Name: Nabateans
  Region: Arabia
  Period of Existence: "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 106 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade, architecture
  Language: Nabataean
  Significant Rulers: Aretas IV
- Empire Name: Kingdom of Wessex
  Region: England
  Period of Existence: "c. 519 \u2013 927 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Anglo-Saxon culture, unification
  Language: Old English
  Significant Rulers: Alfred the Great
- Empire Name: Chymar Empire
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 200 BCE \u2013 100 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Urban centers, trade
  Language: Chymar
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Fu Manchu
  Region: Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 1900 \u2013 1970 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural figures
  Language: Various
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Albania Kingdom
  Region: Albania
  Period of Existence: "c. 1190\u20131479 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Culture, arts
  Language: Albanian
  Significant Rulers: Ismail Qemali
- Empire Name: Bosporan Kingdom
  Region: Taurica
  Period of Existence: "c. 480 BCE \u2013 370 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural integration, trade routes
  Language: Sarmatian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Iberian Peninsula Cultures
  Region: Spain/Portugal
  Period of Existence: "c. 3000 BCE \u2013 c. 1000 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural heritage, art
  Language: Iberian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Vatican States
  Region: Italy
  Period of Existence: "c. 754 AD \u2013 present"
  Notable Contributions: Religious influence, architecture
  Language: Latin
  Significant Rulers: Pope Leo XIII
- Empire Name: Tribal Confederation of Gallia
  Region: France
  Period of Existence: "c. 400 \u2013 100 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Political structures, culture
  Language: Gallic
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Timurid Empire
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: 1370 - 1507 CE
  Notable Contributions: Cultural revival, architecture
  Language: Persian
  Significant Rulers: Timur
- Empire Name: Taliban United States
  Region: Afghanistan
  Period of Existence: "1996 \u2013 2001, 2021 \u2013 Present"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural influence, politics
  Language: Pashto/Dari
  Significant Rulers: Mullah Omar
- Empire Name: Almacigue
  Region: South America
  Period of Existence: "15th Century \u2013 19th Century"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural practices, ecology
  Language: Various
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Mitla
  Region: Mexico
  Period of Existence: "c. 950 \u2013 1521 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Architectural heritage, art
  Language: Zapotec
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Burgher Union
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "1525 \u2013 1600 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, trade
  Language: Gujarati
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
  Region: England
  Period of Existence: "410 \u2013 1066 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Historical legacies, culture
  Language: Old English
  Significant Rulers: Bede
- Empire Name: Namibia Confederation
  Region: Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1950 \u2013 Present"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural practices, autochthonous rights
  Language: Various
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Algiers
  Region: North Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1516 \u2013 1830 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchange, piracy
  Language: Arabic
  Significant Rulers: Baba Ali
- Empire Name: Galician Kingdom
  Region: Spain
  Period of Existence: "c. 800 \u2013 1230 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural achievements
  Language: Galician
  Significant Rulers: "Ram\xF3n Men\xE9ndez Pidal"
- Empire Name: Bazantyn
  Region: Ukraine
  Period of Existence: "c. 9th Century \u2013 1480 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural interactions, agriculture
  Language: Rus/Ruthenian
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Carthaginian Republic
  Region: North Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 814 \u2013 146 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Naval dominance, trade
  Language: Punic
  Significant Rulers: Hannibal
- Empire Name: Swahili Empires
  Region: East Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1000 \u2013 1500 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural interactions, trade
  Language: Swahili
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Tuscan,"Italy
  Region: "c. 1100 \u2013 15th Century"
  Period of Existence: 'Architectural innovations, agriculture '
  Notable Contributions: Tuscany
  Language: .nan
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Cascadia
  Region: North America
  Period of Existence: "c. 16th \u2013 20th Century"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural heritage, civilizational developments
  Language: Cascadian
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Norwegian Akershus
  Region: Scandinavia
  Period of Existence: "c. 1300 \u2013 1800"
  Notable Contributions: Military history, trade
  Language: Norwegian
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: 'Zhou Dynasty '
  Region: "c. 1046 \u2013 256 BCE"
  Period of Existence: Philosophical developments, governance
  Notable Contributions: Chinese
  Language: Wuwang
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Navarre Kingdom
  Region: Spain
  Period of Existence: "c. 905 \u2013 1512 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural synthesis, defense
  Language: Basque
  Significant Rulers: Sancho II
- Empire Name: Tucson Rodeo
  Region: Arizona
  Period of Existence: "1820 \u2013 present"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural activities, agriculture
  Language: English (Spanish region)
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Kalmar Union
  Region: ' "Scandinavia"'
  Period of Existence: "1397 \u2013 1523 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Unification of Scandinavian kingdoms
  Language: Danish
  Significant Rulers: Margaret I
- Empire Name: Selkuja
  Region: Middle East
  Period of Existence: "1037 \u2013 1194 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Architectural achievements, cultural fusion
  Language: Persian
  Significant Rulers: Tughril Beg
- Empire Name: Khalsa
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "1699 \u2013 present"
  Notable Contributions: Sikh identity, spirituality
  Language: Punjabi
  Significant Rulers: Gobind Singh
- Empire Name: Caledonia
  Region: Scotland
  Period of Existence: c. 1st Century AD - 5th Century CE
  Notable Contributions: Celtic heritage, resistance
  Language: Gaelic
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: Sasanian Empire
  Region: Iran
  Period of Existence: "224 \u2013 651 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural developments, governance
  Language: Middle Persian
  Significant Rulers: Khosrow II
- Empire Name: Ali Pasha Epirus
  Region: Greece
  Period of Existence: "c. 1744 \u2013 1822 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Ottoman administration, rebellion
  Language: Albanian
  Significant Rulers: Ali Pasha
- Empire Name: Bysanz
  Region: Eastern Mediterranean
  Period of Existence: "c. 330 \u2013 1453 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural fusion, governance
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Justinian I
- Empire Name: Zulu Empire
  Region: South Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1816 \u2013 1897 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Military organization, culture
  Language: Zulu
  Significant Rulers: Shaka Zulu
- Empire Name: Macromeric Empire
  Region: Central Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 2600 \u2013 2000 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural advancements
  Language: Macromeric
  Significant Rulers: .nan
- Empire Name: "Kingdom of U\xED N\xE9ill"
  Region: Ireland
  Period of Existence: "c. 400 \u2013 1167 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Celtic governance, Ireland
  Language: Irish
  Significant Rulers: Niall of the Nine Hostages
- Empire Name: Scythian
  Region: Eurasia
  Period of Existence: "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE"
  Notable Contributions: Military strategies, trade routes
  Language: Scythian
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Venetian Republic
  Region: Venice
  Period of Existence: "421 \u2013 1797 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Naval power, trade
  Language: Italian
  Significant Rulers: Enrico Dandolo
- Empire Name: Haida Nation
  Region: North America
  Period of Existence: "c. 1500 \u2013 Present"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural heritage, craftsmanship
  Language: Haida
  Significant Rulers: Chiefs and leaders
- Empire Name: Burgundian State
  Region: France
  Period of Existence: "c. 407 \u2013 1477 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Finesse in trade, arts
  Language: French
  Significant Rulers: Duke Philip the Good
- Empire Name: Hausa Kingdoms
  Region: West Africa
  Period of Existence: "c. 1000 \u2013 1800 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Trade networks, governance
  Language: Hausa
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Anjou Kingdom
  Region: France/England
  Period of Existence: "c. 931 \u2013 1485 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural exchanges, politics
  Language: Old French
  Significant Rulers: Henry II
- Empire Name: Chola Dynasty
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Art, literature, architecture
  Language: Tamil
  Significant Rulers: Rajendra Chola I
- Empire Name: Great Moravia
  Region: Czech Republic/Slovakia
  Period of Existence: "c. 833 \u2013 907 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural influence, governance
  Language: Slavic
  Significant Rulers: Svatopluk I
- Empire Name: Empire of Nicaea
  Region: Byzantine Greece
  Period of Existence: "1204 \u2013 1261 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural renaissance, resistance
  Language: Greek
  Significant Rulers: Theodore II
- Empire Name: Chakra Empire
  Region: Subcontinent
  Period of Existence: "c. 13th Century \u2013 17th Century"
  Notable Contributions: Astronomy, mathematics
  Language: Hindi
  Significant Rulers: Various
- Empire Name: Achyutharaya Empire
  Region: India
  Period of Existence: "c. 1530 \u2013 1646 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Architecture, cultural synthesis
  Language: Kannada
  Significant Rulers: Achyutharaya
- Empire Name: Aztec Empire
  Region: Mesoamerica
  Period of Existence: "1428 \u2013 1521 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural and agricultural advancements
  Language: Nahuatl
  Significant Rulers: Moctezuma II
- Empire Name: Shaiva Kingdoms
  Region: South Asia
  Period of Existence: "c. 600 \u2013 1200 CE"
  Notable Contributions: Cultural precursors
  Language: Tamil
  Significant Rulers: Various