[
    {
        "Empire Name": "Uruk",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 4500 \u2013 3100 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Early urbanization, cuneiform writing",
        "Language": "Sumerian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Gilgamesh"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Elam",
        "Region": "Iran",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 2700 \u2013 539 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Art, architecture, metalworking",
        "Language": "Elamite",
        "Significant Rulers": "Untash-Napirisha"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Hittite Empire",
        "Region": "Anatolia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1600 \u2013 1178 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Iron Age technology, treaties",
        "Language": "Hittite",
        "Significant Rulers": "Hattusili III"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Mitanni",
        "Region": "Near East",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 1300 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Horse training, chariot technology",
        "Language": "Hurrian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Tushratta"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Phoenician Empire",
        "Region": "Mediterranean",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 300 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Alphabet, trade routes",
        "Language": "Phoenician",
        "Significant Rulers": "Hiram I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Aksumite Empire",
        "Region": "Horn of Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 100 \u2013 940 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, monumental obelisks",
        "Language": "Ge'ez",
        "Significant Rulers": "Ezana"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Parthian Empire",
        "Region": "Iran",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 247 BCE \u2013 224 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Silk Road trade, arts",
        "Language": "Middle Persian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Mithridates I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Seljuk Empire",
        "Region": "Middle East",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1037 \u2013 1194 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, architecture",
        "Language": "Turkic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khmer Empire",
        "Region": "Southeast Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 802 \u2013 1431 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Angkor Wat, irrigation systems",
        "Language": "Khmer",
        "Significant Rulers": "Jayavarman II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Maratha Empire",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "1674 \u2013 1818 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Military strategies, administration",
        "Language": "Marathi",
        "Significant Rulers": "Shivaji"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khanate of Khiva",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "1511 \u2013 1920 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Silk trade, governance",
        "Language": "Turkic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Muhammad Rahim Khan II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Tang Dynasty",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "618 \u2013 907 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade expansion, cultural advancements",
        "Language": "Chinese",
        "Significant Rulers": "Li Yuan"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Natchez Tribe",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1730 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Mound building, agriculture",
        "Language": "Natchez",
        "Significant Rulers": "Great Sun"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Saite Dynasty",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 664 \u2013 525 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Artistic achievement, trade",
        "Language": "Ancient Egyptian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Psamtik I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Mali Empire",
        "Region": "West Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1235 \u2013 1600 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Education, wealth, trade",
        "Language": "Mande",
        "Significant Rulers": "Mansa Musa"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chola Dynasty",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime trade, temple architecture",
        "Language": "Tamil",
        "Significant Rulers": "Rajaraja Chola I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Qin Dynasty",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "221 \u2013 206 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Great Wall, centralized governance",
        "Language": "Chinese",
        "Significant Rulers": "Qin Shi Huang"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Songhai Empire",
        "Region": "West Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1430 \u2013 1591 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Scholarship, trade routes",
        "Language": "Songhai",
        "Significant Rulers": "Askia Mohammad I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Tanganyika",
        "Region": "East Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "19th Century",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade networks",
        "Language": "Swahili",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Axum",
        "Region": "Horn of Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 100 \u2013 940 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Christianity's spread, coinage",
        "Language": "Ge'ez",
        "Significant Rulers": "King Ezana"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Ottoman Empire",
        "Region": "Middle East/Europe",
        "Period of Existence": "1299 \u2013 1922 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, cultural synthesis",
        "Language": "Turkish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Suleiman the Magnificent"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Roman Empire",
        "Region": "Mediterranean",
        "Period of Existence": "27 BCE \u2013 476 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Law, architecture, governance",
        "Language": "Latin",
        "Significant Rulers": "Augustus"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Byzantine Empire",
        "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean",
        "Period of Existence": "330 \u2013 1453 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Preservation of Greek/Roman knowledge",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Justinian I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khazar Khaganate",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 650 \u2013 965 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade routes",
        "Language": "Turkic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Bulanchak"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Zhou Dynasty",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1046 \u2013 256 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Philosophy, feudal system",
        "Language": "Chinese",
        "Significant Rulers": "Wuwang"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Scythian Empire",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Nomadic warfare, art",
        "Language": "Scythian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Atei"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Viking Age",
        "Region": "Northern Europe",
        "Period of Existence": "793 \u2013 1066 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Exploration, trade, settlement",
        "Language": "Old Norse",
        "Significant Rulers": "Harald Hardrada"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Campanian Neolithic",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 6000 \u2013 2000 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Early agriculture, pottery",
        "Language": "Various",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "West African Kingdom of Ghana",
        "Region": "West Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 \u2013 1200 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Gold trade, cultural influence",
        "Language": "Soninke",
        "Significant Rulers": "Basi"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Kush",
        "Region": "Nubia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1070 BCE \u2013 350 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Pyramids, iron-working",
        "Language": "Meroitic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Piye"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Seljuk Empire",
        "Region": "Middle East",
        "Period of Existence": "1037 \u2013 1194 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, cultural synthesis",
        "Language": "Turkish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Silla",
        "Region": "Korea",
        "Period of Existence": "57 BCE \u2013 935 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Buddhism, art, culture",
        "Language": "Korean",
        "Significant Rulers": "Queen Seondeok"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Great Zimbabwe",
        "Region": "Southern Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "1100 \u2013 1450 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Stone construction, trade",
        "Language": "Shona",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Rashidun Caliphate",
        "Region": "Middle East",
        "Period of Existence": "632 \u2013 661 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Expansion of Islam, governance",
        "Language": "Arabic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Abu Bakr"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Han Dynasty",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "206 BCE \u2013 220 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Silk Road trade, innovations",
        "Language": "Chinese",
        "Significant Rulers": "Emperor Wu"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Umayyad Caliphate",
        "Region": "Middle East/Iberia",
        "Period of Existence": "661 \u2013 750 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Expansion of Islam, culture",
        "Language": "Arabic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Abdul Malik"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Antiochus Dynasty",
        "Region": "Syria",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 \u2013 63 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, Hellenization",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Antiochus III"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chav\u00edn Civilization",
        "Region": "Peru",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Multi-regional influence, art",
        "Language": "Chav\u00edn",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Assyrian Empire",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 2500 \u2013 605 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Military strategies, administration",
        "Language": "Akkadian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Ashurbanipal"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Angkor Empire",
        "Region": "Southeast Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 802 \u2013 1431 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Religious influence, architecture",
        "Language": "Khmer",
        "Significant Rulers": "Jayavarman VII"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Armada of Spain",
        "Region": "Europe/Indonesia",
        "Period of Existence": "16th Century",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime power, cultural exchange",
        "Language": "Spanish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Philip II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Romanov Dynasty",
        "Region": "Russia",
        "Period of Existence": "1613 \u2013 1917 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Modernization, territorial expansion",
        "Language": "Russian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Peter the Great"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Alodia",
        "Region": "Nubia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 500 \u2013 1500 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Christianity, trade",
        "Language": "Nubian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Nabataean Kingdom",
        "Region": "Arabia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 106 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, architecture",
        "Language": "Nabataean",
        "Significant Rulers": "Aretas IV"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Carthaginian Empire",
        "Region": "North Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 814 \u2013 146 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Naval power, trade",
        "Language": "Punic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Hannibal"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Antigonid Kingdom",
        "Region": "Macedonia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 306 \u2013 168 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Hellenistic culture, politics",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Antigonus I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Fatimid Caliphate",
        "Region": "North Africa/Middle East",
        "Period of Existence": "909 \u2013 1171 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Islamic culture, trade",
        "Language": "Arabic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Al-Muizz"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Sassanid Empire",
        "Region": "Iran",
        "Period of Existence": "224 \u2013 651 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Zoroastrianism, arts, architecture",
        "Language": "Middle Persian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Khosrow I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Norse Greenland",
        "Region": "Greenland",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 986 \u2013 1450 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Exploration, settlement",
        "Language": "Old Norse",
        "Significant Rulers": "Erik the Red"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Cinque Ports Confederation",
        "Region": "England",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1155\u201316th Century",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime trade, defense",
        "Language": "English",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Scandinavian Union",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Period of Existence": "1397 \u2013 1523 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Political union, trade",
        "Language": "Danish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Margaret I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Inca Empire",
        "Region": "South America",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1438 \u2013 1533 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Agricultural innovation, road systems",
        "Language": "Quechua",
        "Significant Rulers": "Pachacuti"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Frankish Kingdom",
        "Region": "Western Europe",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 481 \u2013 843 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Feudalism, Carolingian Renaissance",
        "Language": "Frankish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Charlemagne"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Xiongnu Empire",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 200 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Nomadic confederation, warfare",
        "Language": "Xiongnu",
        "Significant Rulers": "Mongke Chanyu"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Jin Dynasty",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "1115 \u2013 1234 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Culture, military techniques",
        "Language": "Jurchen",
        "Significant Rulers": "Wanyan Aguda"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Malacca Sultanate",
        "Region": "Southeast Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1400 \u2013 1511 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trading hub, cultural exchange",
        "Language": "Malay",
        "Significant Rulers": "Parameswara"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Bunyoro",
        "Region": "Uganda",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 14th Century \u2013 Present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Agriculture, cultural heritage",
        "Language": "Runyoro",
        "Significant Rulers": "Omukama Nuhakama"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Polynesian Kingdoms",
        "Region": "Pacific Islands",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 \u2013 1850 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Navigation, cultural practices",
        "Language": "Various",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Roman Britain",
        "Region": "Britain",
        "Period of Existence": "43 \u2013 410 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Roads, architecture, law",
        "Language": "Latin",
        "Significant Rulers": "Hadrian"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Period of Existence": "305 \u2013 30 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Hellenistic culture, science",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Cleopatra VII"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Norse Culture",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1100 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Exploration, poetry, sagas",
        "Language": "Norse",
        "Significant Rulers": "Leif Erikson"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Spanish Empire",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Period of Existence": "1492 \u2013 1898 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Colonization, trade networks",
        "Language": "Spanish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Philip II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Portuguese Empire",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Period of Existence": "1415 \u2013 1999 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime exploration, trade",
        "Language": "Portuguese",
        "Significant Rulers": "Henry the Navigator"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chola Empire",
        "Region": "India/Southeast Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Art, temple architecture",
        "Language": "Tamil",
        "Significant Rulers": "Rajaraja Chola I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Nouadhibou Confederacy",
        "Region": "Mauritania",
        "Period of Existence": "Pre-colonial Era",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, governance",
        "Language": "Arabic",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Novgorod",
        "Region": "Russia",
        "Period of Existence": "Early Middle Ages",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, governance",
        "Language": "Old Russian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Gustaf Arvidsson"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Nan Madol",
        "Region": "Micronesia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1100 \u2013 1600 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Stone construction, political center",
        "Language": "Pohnpeian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Vandals",
        "Region": "North Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 430 \u2013 534 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Naval power, cultural influence",
        "Language": "Vandalic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Genseric"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Seljuk Turks",
        "Region": "Middle East",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1037 \u2013 1194 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Islamic culture, warfare",
        "Language": "Turkic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Zimbabwe",
        "Region": "Southern Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1100 \u2013 1450 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, architecture",
        "Language": "Shona",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khmt (Kemet)",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 3100 \u2013 332 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Writing, monumental architecture",
        "Language": "Egyptian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Pharaoh Narmer"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Albanian Kingdom",
        "Region": "Balkans",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 12th Century \u2013 1431 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, military strategies",
        "Language": "Albanian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Skanderbeg"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Malwa Sultanate",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1400\u20131531 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, trade",
        "Language": "Hindi",
        "Significant Rulers": "Mahmud Khilji"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Augustan Rome",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Period of Existence": "27 BCE \u2013 14 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural advancements, legal reforms",
        "Language": "Latin",
        "Significant Rulers": "Augustus"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Burgundian State",
        "Region": "France",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 407 \u2013 1477 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, economy",
        "Language": "Latin",
        "Significant Rulers": "Charles the Bold"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Sardinian Kingdom",
        "Region": "Sardinia",
        "Period of Existence": "Early Medieval",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, governance",
        "Language": "Sardinian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Talaiotic Culture",
        "Region": "Balearic Islands",
        "Period of Existence": "Prehistoric",
        "Notable Contributions": "Megalithic construction, agriculture",
        "Language": "Talaiotic",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Iberian Kingdoms",
        "Region": "Iberian Peninsula",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 500 \u2013 1492 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade",
        "Language": "Latin/Castilian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chimu Empire",
        "Region": "Peru",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 1470 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Agriculture, metalworking",
        "Language": "Chimu",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Lady of Elche",
        "Region": "Spain",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 1st Century CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Art, culture",
        "Language": "Iberian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Al Ruha",
        "Region": "Jordan",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 200 CE \u2013 700 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, trade",
        "Language": "Arabic",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Savoyard State",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 200 \u2013 1860 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, politics",
        "Language": "Italian/French",
        "Significant Rulers": "Emmanuel Philibert"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Sogdiana",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 600 BCE \u2013 1000 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Silk Road trade, cultural exchange",
        "Language": "Sogdian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Mallorca",
        "Region": "Mallorca",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1229 \u2013 1349 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, trade",
        "Language": "Catalan",
        "Significant Rulers": "Jaume I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Republic of Venice",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 697 \u2013 1797 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime power, commerce",
        "Language": "Italian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Venice Doge"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Maratha Empire",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "1674 \u2013 1818 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Regional autonomy, military tactics",
        "Language": "Marathi",
        "Significant Rulers": "Shivaji"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Navarra",
        "Region": "Spain",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 1512 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Political alliance, trade",
        "Language": "Navarrese",
        "Significant Rulers": "Sancho VI"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khazaria",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 650 \u2013 965 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, cultural exchange",
        "Language": "Turkic/Hebrew",
        "Significant Rulers": "Bolu"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Catawba Nation",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1650 \u2013 1759 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Agriculture, local governance",
        "Language": "Catawba",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Sogdian City-States",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 700 BCE \u2013 1000 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade",
        "Language": "Sogdian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Teutonic Order",
        "Region": "Eastern Europe",
        "Period of Existence": "1190 \u2013 1561 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Crusades, trade",
        "Language": "German",
        "Significant Rulers": "Hermann von Salza"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Flanders",
        "Region": "Belgium",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 862 \u2013 1795 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural impact, economy",
        "Language": "Flemish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Nanzhao Kingdom",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 748 \u2013 902 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural syncretism, trade",
        "Language": "Bai",
        "Significant Rulers": "Dali King"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Trigavel Kingdom",
        "Region": "Spain",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 8th Century onwards",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural achievements, defense",
        "Language": "Asturleonese",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Serbia",
        "Region": "Balkans",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1196 \u2013 1371 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Military conflicts, culture",
        "Language": "Serbian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Stefan Du\u0161an"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chakra Monarchy",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1350 \u2013 1614 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural contributions",
        "Language": "Hindi",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Jinshan United States",
        "Region": "China",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1st Century BCE \u2013 2nd Century CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Economic development, trade",
        "Language": "Chinese",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chandela Dynasty",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 9th \u2013 12th Century CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, literature",
        "Language": "Hindi",
        "Significant Rulers": "Khajuraho"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Swahili City-States",
        "Region": "East Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 CE \u2013 1500 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime trade, culture",
        "Language": "Swahili",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Silla Kingdom",
        "Region": "Korea",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 57 BCE \u2013 935 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural advancements, Buddhism",
        "Language": "Korean",
        "Significant Rulers": "Heo Hwang-ok"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Mj\u00f6lnir Kingdom",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Period of Existence": NaN,
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural legacy, arts",
        "Language": "Norse",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Akhadian Empire",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 2334 \u2013 2154 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "First empire, administration",
        "Language": "Akkadian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Sargon of Akkad"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Medieval Sicily",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 831 \u2013 1194 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade",
        "Language": "Arabic/Sicilian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Roger II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Mitanni Kingdom",
        "Region": "Near East",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 1300 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Horses, chariotry",
        "Language": "Hurrian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Tushratta"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "House of Saxe-Coburg",
        "Region": "Germany",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1830 \u2013 1918 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Royal dynasties, European politics",
        "Language": "German",
        "Significant Rulers": "Albert"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "East India Company",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "1600 \u2013 1874 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Colonial trade, governance",
        "Language": "English",
        "Significant Rulers": "Warren Hastings"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khmer Empire",
        "Region": "Southeast Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "802 \u2013 1431 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Angkor Wat, irrigation",
        "Language": "Khmer",
        "Significant Rulers": "Jayavarman II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Okhrid",
        "Region": "Macedonia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 Early Middle Ages",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural center, administration",
        "Language": "Greek/Slavic",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Sultanal Arakan",
        "Region": "Myanmar",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1430 \u2013 1784 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Maritime power, trade",
        "Language": "Burmese",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Ipeq",
        "Region": "Bulgaria",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 861 \u2013 1018 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural foundation, education",
        "Language": "Bulgarian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Boris I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Achaemenid Persians",
        "Region": "Persia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 550 \u2013 330 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Administration, roads",
        "Language": "Persian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Cyrus the Great"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Orang Asli Tribes",
        "Region": "Malaysia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Indigenous culture, crafts",
        "Language": "Malay",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Odisha Empire",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1400 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, architecture",
        "Language": "Odia",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Janic Kingdom",
        "Region": "North Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1st Century \u2013 3rd Century CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade",
        "Language": "Latin",
        "Significant Rulers": "Merovech"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Diadochi Kingdoms",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Period of Existence": "323 \u2013 30 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Secondary Monarchies, Hellenistic culture",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Antigonids"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Nabateans",
        "Region": "Arabia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 106 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade, architecture",
        "Language": "Nabataean",
        "Significant Rulers": "Aretas IV"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Wessex",
        "Region": "England",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 519 \u2013 927 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Anglo-Saxon culture, unification",
        "Language": "Old English",
        "Significant Rulers": "Alfred the Great"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chymar Empire",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 200 BCE \u2013 100 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Urban centers, trade",
        "Language": "Chymar",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Fu Manchu",
        "Region": "Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1900 \u2013 1970 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural figures",
        "Language": "Various",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Albania Kingdom",
        "Region": "Albania",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1190\u20131479 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Culture, arts",
        "Language": "Albanian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Ismail Qemali"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Bosporan Kingdom",
        "Region": "Taurica",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 480 BCE \u2013 370 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural integration, trade routes",
        "Language": "Sarmatian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Iberian Peninsula Cultures",
        "Region": "Spain/Portugal",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 3000 BCE \u2013 c. 1000 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, art",
        "Language": "Iberian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Vatican States",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 754 AD \u2013 present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Religious influence, architecture",
        "Language": "Latin",
        "Significant Rulers": "Pope Leo XIII"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Tribal Confederation of Gallia",
        "Region": "France",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 400 \u2013 100 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Political structures, culture",
        "Language": "Gallic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Timurid Empire",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "1370 - 1507 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural revival, architecture",
        "Language": "Persian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Timur"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Taliban United States",
        "Region": "Afghanistan",
        "Period of Existence": "1996 \u2013 2001, 2021 \u2013 Present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural influence, politics",
        "Language": "Pashto/Dari",
        "Significant Rulers": "Mullah Omar"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Almacigue",
        "Region": "South America",
        "Period of Existence": "15th Century \u2013 19th Century",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural practices, ecology",
        "Language": "Various",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Mitla",
        "Region": "Mexico",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 950 \u2013 1521 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Architectural heritage, art",
        "Language": "Zapotec",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Burgher Union",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "1525 \u2013 1600 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade",
        "Language": "Gujarati",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms",
        "Region": "England",
        "Period of Existence": "410 \u2013 1066 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Historical legacies, culture",
        "Language": "Old English",
        "Significant Rulers": "Bede"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Namibia Confederation",
        "Region": "Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1950 \u2013 Present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural practices, autochthonous rights",
        "Language": "Various",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Algiers",
        "Region": "North Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1516 \u2013 1830 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, piracy",
        "Language": "Arabic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Baba Ali"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Galician Kingdom",
        "Region": "Spain",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1230 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural achievements",
        "Language": "Galician",
        "Significant Rulers": "Ram\u00f3n Men\u00e9ndez Pidal"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Bazantyn",
        "Region": "Ukraine",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 9th Century \u2013 1480 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural interactions, agriculture",
        "Language": "Rus/Ruthenian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Carthaginian Republic",
        "Region": "North Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 814 \u2013 146 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Naval dominance, trade",
        "Language": "Punic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Hannibal"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Swahili Empires",
        "Region": "East Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 \u2013 1500 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural interactions, trade",
        "Language": "Swahili",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Tuscan,\"Italy",
        "Region": "c. 1100 \u2013 15th Century",
        "Period of Existence": "Architectural innovations, agriculture ",
        "Notable Contributions": "Tuscany",
        "Language": NaN,
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Cascadia",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 16th \u2013 20th Century",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, civilizational developments",
        "Language": "Cascadian",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Norwegian Akershus",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1300 \u2013 1800",
        "Notable Contributions": "Military history, trade",
        "Language": "Norwegian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Zhou Dynasty ",
        "Region": "c. 1046 \u2013 256 BCE",
        "Period of Existence": "Philosophical developments, governance",
        "Notable Contributions": "Chinese",
        "Language": "Wuwang",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Navarre Kingdom",
        "Region": "Spain",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 905 \u2013 1512 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, defense",
        "Language": "Basque",
        "Significant Rulers": "Sancho II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Tucson Rodeo",
        "Region": "Arizona",
        "Period of Existence": "1820 \u2013 present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural activities, agriculture",
        "Language": "English (Spanish region)",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kalmar Union",
        "Region": " \"Scandinavia\"",
        "Period of Existence": "1397 \u2013 1523 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Unification of Scandinavian kingdoms",
        "Language": "Danish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Margaret I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Selkuja",
        "Region": "Middle East",
        "Period of Existence": "1037 \u2013 1194 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Architectural achievements, cultural fusion",
        "Language": "Persian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Khalsa",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "1699 \u2013 present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Sikh identity, spirituality",
        "Language": "Punjabi",
        "Significant Rulers": "Gobind Singh"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Caledonia",
        "Region": "Scotland",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1st Century AD - 5th Century CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Celtic heritage, resistance",
        "Language": "Gaelic",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Sasanian Empire",
        "Region": "Iran",
        "Period of Existence": "224 \u2013 651 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural developments, governance",
        "Language": "Middle Persian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Khosrow II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Ali Pasha Epirus",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1744 \u2013 1822 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Ottoman administration, rebellion",
        "Language": "Albanian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Ali Pasha"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Bysanz",
        "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 330 \u2013 1453 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, governance",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Justinian I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Zulu Empire",
        "Region": "South Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1816 \u2013 1897 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Military organization, culture",
        "Language": "Zulu",
        "Significant Rulers": "Shaka Zulu"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Macromeric Empire",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 2600 \u2013 2000 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural advancements",
        "Language": "Macromeric",
        "Significant Rulers": NaN
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Kingdom of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill",
        "Region": "Ireland",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 400 \u2013 1167 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Celtic governance, Ireland",
        "Language": "Irish",
        "Significant Rulers": "Niall of the Nine Hostages"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Scythian",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Military strategies, trade routes",
        "Language": "Scythian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Venetian Republic",
        "Region": "Venice",
        "Period of Existence": "421 \u2013 1797 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Naval power, trade",
        "Language": "Italian",
        "Significant Rulers": "Enrico Dandolo"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Haida Nation",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 Present",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, craftsmanship",
        "Language": "Haida",
        "Significant Rulers": "Chiefs and leaders"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Burgundian State",
        "Region": "France",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 407 \u2013 1477 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Finesse in trade, arts",
        "Language": "French",
        "Significant Rulers": "Duke Philip the Good"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Hausa Kingdoms",
        "Region": "West Africa",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 \u2013 1800 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Trade networks, governance",
        "Language": "Hausa",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Anjou Kingdom",
        "Region": "France/England",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 931 \u2013 1485 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchanges, politics",
        "Language": "Old French",
        "Significant Rulers": "Henry II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chola Dynasty",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Art, literature, architecture",
        "Language": "Tamil",
        "Significant Rulers": "Rajendra Chola I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Great Moravia",
        "Region": "Czech Republic/Slovakia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 833 \u2013 907 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural influence, governance",
        "Language": "Slavic",
        "Significant Rulers": "Svatopluk I"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Empire of Nicaea",
        "Region": "Byzantine Greece",
        "Period of Existence": "1204 \u2013 1261 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural renaissance, resistance",
        "Language": "Greek",
        "Significant Rulers": "Theodore II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Chakra Empire",
        "Region": "Subcontinent",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 13th Century \u2013 17th Century",
        "Notable Contributions": "Astronomy, mathematics",
        "Language": "Hindi",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Achyutharaya Empire",
        "Region": "India",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 1530 \u2013 1646 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, cultural synthesis",
        "Language": "Kannada",
        "Significant Rulers": "Achyutharaya"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Aztec Empire",
        "Region": "Mesoamerica",
        "Period of Existence": "1428 \u2013 1521 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural and agricultural advancements",
        "Language": "Nahuatl",
        "Significant Rulers": "Moctezuma II"
    },
    {
        "Empire Name": "Shaiva Kingdoms",
        "Region": "South Asia",
        "Period of Existence": "c. 600 \u2013 1200 CE",
        "Notable Contributions": "Cultural precursors",
        "Language": "Tamil",
        "Significant Rulers": "Various"
    }
]