[ { "Empire Name": "Uruk", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Period of Existence": "c. 4500 \u2013 3100 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Early urbanization, cuneiform writing", "Language": "Sumerian", "Significant Rulers": "Gilgamesh" }, { "Empire Name": "Elam", "Region": "Iran", "Period of Existence": "c. 2700 \u2013 539 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Art, architecture, metalworking", "Language": "Elamite", "Significant Rulers": "Untash-Napirisha" }, { "Empire Name": "Hittite Empire", "Region": "Anatolia", "Period of Existence": "c. 1600 \u2013 1178 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Iron Age technology, treaties", "Language": "Hittite", "Significant Rulers": "Hattusili III" }, { "Empire Name": "Mitanni", "Region": "Near East", "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 1300 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Horse training, chariot technology", "Language": "Hurrian", "Significant Rulers": "Tushratta" }, { "Empire Name": "Phoenician Empire", "Region": "Mediterranean", "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 300 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Alphabet, trade routes", "Language": "Phoenician", "Significant Rulers": "Hiram I" }, { "Empire Name": "Aksumite Empire", "Region": "Horn of Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 100 \u2013 940 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, monumental obelisks", "Language": "Ge'ez", "Significant Rulers": "Ezana" }, { "Empire Name": "Parthian Empire", "Region": "Iran", "Period of Existence": "c. 247 BCE \u2013 224 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Silk Road trade, arts", "Language": "Middle Persian", "Significant Rulers": "Mithridates I" }, { "Empire Name": "Seljuk Empire", "Region": "Middle East", "Period of Existence": "c. 1037 \u2013 1194 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, architecture", "Language": "Turkic", "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg" }, { "Empire Name": "Khmer Empire", "Region": "Southeast Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 802 \u2013 1431 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Angkor Wat, irrigation systems", "Language": "Khmer", "Significant Rulers": "Jayavarman II" }, { "Empire Name": "Maratha Empire", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "1674 \u2013 1818 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Military strategies, administration", "Language": "Marathi", "Significant Rulers": "Shivaji" }, { "Empire Name": "Khanate of Khiva", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "1511 \u2013 1920 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Silk trade, governance", "Language": "Turkic", "Significant Rulers": "Muhammad Rahim Khan II" }, { "Empire Name": "Tang Dynasty", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "618 \u2013 907 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade expansion, cultural advancements", "Language": "Chinese", "Significant Rulers": "Li Yuan" }, { "Empire Name": "Natchez Tribe", "Region": "North America", "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1730 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Mound building, agriculture", "Language": "Natchez", "Significant Rulers": "Great Sun" }, { "Empire Name": "Saite Dynasty", "Region": "Egypt", "Period of Existence": "c. 664 \u2013 525 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Artistic achievement, trade", "Language": "Ancient Egyptian", "Significant Rulers": "Psamtik I" }, { "Empire Name": "Mali Empire", "Region": "West Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1235 \u2013 1600 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Education, wealth, trade", "Language": "Mande", "Significant Rulers": "Mansa Musa" }, { "Empire Name": "Chola Dynasty", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime trade, temple architecture", "Language": "Tamil", "Significant Rulers": "Rajaraja Chola I" }, { "Empire Name": "Qin Dynasty", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "221 \u2013 206 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Great Wall, centralized governance", "Language": "Chinese", "Significant Rulers": "Qin Shi Huang" }, { "Empire Name": "Songhai Empire", "Region": "West Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1430 \u2013 1591 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Scholarship, trade routes", "Language": "Songhai", "Significant Rulers": "Askia Mohammad I" }, { "Empire Name": "Tanganyika", "Region": "East Africa", "Period of Existence": "19th Century", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade networks", "Language": "Swahili", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Axum", "Region": "Horn of Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 100 \u2013 940 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Christianity's spread, coinage", "Language": "Ge'ez", "Significant Rulers": "King Ezana" }, { "Empire Name": "Ottoman Empire", "Region": "Middle East/Europe", "Period of Existence": "1299 \u2013 1922 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, cultural synthesis", "Language": "Turkish", "Significant Rulers": "Suleiman the Magnificent" }, { "Empire Name": "Roman Empire", "Region": "Mediterranean", "Period of Existence": "27 BCE \u2013 476 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Law, architecture, governance", "Language": "Latin", "Significant Rulers": "Augustus" }, { "Empire Name": "Byzantine Empire", "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean", "Period of Existence": "330 \u2013 1453 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Preservation of Greek/Roman knowledge", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Justinian I" }, { "Empire Name": "Khazar Khaganate", "Region": "Eurasia", "Period of Existence": "c. 650 \u2013 965 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade routes", "Language": "Turkic", "Significant Rulers": "Bulanchak" }, { "Empire Name": "Zhou Dynasty", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "c. 1046 \u2013 256 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Philosophy, feudal system", "Language": "Chinese", "Significant Rulers": "Wuwang" }, { "Empire Name": "Scythian Empire", "Region": "Eurasia", "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Nomadic warfare, art", "Language": "Scythian", "Significant Rulers": "Atei" }, { "Empire Name": "Viking Age", "Region": "Northern Europe", "Period of Existence": "793 \u2013 1066 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Exploration, trade, settlement", "Language": "Old Norse", "Significant Rulers": "Harald Hardrada" }, { "Empire Name": "Campanian Neolithic", "Region": "Italy", "Period of Existence": "c. 6000 \u2013 2000 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Early agriculture, pottery", "Language": "Various", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "West African Kingdom of Ghana", "Region": "West Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 \u2013 1200 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Gold trade, cultural influence", "Language": "Soninke", "Significant Rulers": "Basi" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Kush", "Region": "Nubia", "Period of Existence": "c. 1070 BCE \u2013 350 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Pyramids, iron-working", "Language": "Meroitic", "Significant Rulers": "Piye" }, { "Empire Name": "Seljuk Empire", "Region": "Middle East", "Period of Existence": "1037 \u2013 1194 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, cultural synthesis", "Language": "Turkish", "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Silla", "Region": "Korea", "Period of Existence": "57 BCE \u2013 935 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Buddhism, art, culture", "Language": "Korean", "Significant Rulers": "Queen Seondeok" }, { "Empire Name": "Great Zimbabwe", "Region": "Southern Africa", "Period of Existence": "1100 \u2013 1450 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Stone construction, trade", "Language": "Shona", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Rashidun Caliphate", "Region": "Middle East", "Period of Existence": "632 \u2013 661 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Expansion of Islam, governance", "Language": "Arabic", "Significant Rulers": "Abu Bakr" }, { "Empire Name": "Han Dynasty", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "206 BCE \u2013 220 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Silk Road trade, innovations", "Language": "Chinese", "Significant Rulers": "Emperor Wu" }, { "Empire Name": "Umayyad Caliphate", "Region": "Middle East/Iberia", "Period of Existence": "661 \u2013 750 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Expansion of Islam, culture", "Language": "Arabic", "Significant Rulers": "Abdul Malik" }, { "Empire Name": "Antiochus Dynasty", "Region": "Syria", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 \u2013 63 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, Hellenization", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Antiochus III" }, { "Empire Name": "Chav\u00edn Civilization", "Region": "Peru", "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Multi-regional influence, art", "Language": "Chav\u00edn", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Assyrian Empire", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Period of Existence": "c. 2500 \u2013 605 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Military strategies, administration", "Language": "Akkadian", "Significant Rulers": "Ashurbanipal" }, { "Empire Name": "Angkor Empire", "Region": "Southeast Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 802 \u2013 1431 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Religious influence, architecture", "Language": "Khmer", "Significant Rulers": "Jayavarman VII" }, { "Empire Name": "Armada of Spain", "Region": "Europe/Indonesia", "Period of Existence": "16th Century", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime power, cultural exchange", "Language": "Spanish", "Significant Rulers": "Philip II" }, { "Empire Name": "Romanov Dynasty", "Region": "Russia", "Period of Existence": "1613 \u2013 1917 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Modernization, territorial expansion", "Language": "Russian", "Significant Rulers": "Peter the Great" }, { "Empire Name": "Alodia", "Region": "Nubia", "Period of Existence": "c. 500 \u2013 1500 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Christianity, trade", "Language": "Nubian", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Nabataean Kingdom", "Region": "Arabia", "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 106 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, architecture", "Language": "Nabataean", "Significant Rulers": "Aretas IV" }, { "Empire Name": "Carthaginian Empire", "Region": "North Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 814 \u2013 146 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Naval power, trade", "Language": "Punic", "Significant Rulers": "Hannibal" }, { "Empire Name": "Antigonid Kingdom", "Region": "Macedonia", "Period of Existence": "c. 306 \u2013 168 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Hellenistic culture, politics", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Antigonus I" }, { "Empire Name": "Fatimid Caliphate", "Region": "North Africa/Middle East", "Period of Existence": "909 \u2013 1171 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Islamic culture, trade", "Language": "Arabic", "Significant Rulers": "Al-Muizz" }, { "Empire Name": "Sassanid Empire", "Region": "Iran", "Period of Existence": "224 \u2013 651 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Zoroastrianism, arts, architecture", "Language": "Middle Persian", "Significant Rulers": "Khosrow I" }, { "Empire Name": "Norse Greenland", "Region": "Greenland", "Period of Existence": "c. 986 \u2013 1450 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Exploration, settlement", "Language": "Old Norse", "Significant Rulers": "Erik the Red" }, { "Empire Name": "Cinque Ports Confederation", "Region": "England", "Period of Existence": "c. 1155\u201316th Century", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime trade, defense", "Language": "English", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Scandinavian Union", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Period of Existence": "1397 \u2013 1523 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Political union, trade", "Language": "Danish", "Significant Rulers": "Margaret I" }, { "Empire Name": "Inca Empire", "Region": "South America", "Period of Existence": "c. 1438 \u2013 1533 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Agricultural innovation, road systems", "Language": "Quechua", "Significant Rulers": "Pachacuti" }, { "Empire Name": "Frankish Kingdom", "Region": "Western Europe", "Period of Existence": "c. 481 \u2013 843 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Feudalism, Carolingian Renaissance", "Language": "Frankish", "Significant Rulers": "Charlemagne" }, { "Empire Name": "Xiongnu Empire", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 200 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Nomadic confederation, warfare", "Language": "Xiongnu", "Significant Rulers": "Mongke Chanyu" }, { "Empire Name": "Jin Dynasty", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "1115 \u2013 1234 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Culture, military techniques", "Language": "Jurchen", "Significant Rulers": "Wanyan Aguda" }, { "Empire Name": "Malacca Sultanate", "Region": "Southeast Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 1400 \u2013 1511 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trading hub, cultural exchange", "Language": "Malay", "Significant Rulers": "Parameswara" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Bunyoro", "Region": "Uganda", "Period of Existence": "c. 14th Century \u2013 Present", "Notable Contributions": "Agriculture, cultural heritage", "Language": "Runyoro", "Significant Rulers": "Omukama Nuhakama" }, { "Empire Name": "Polynesian Kingdoms", "Region": "Pacific Islands", "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 \u2013 1850 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Navigation, cultural practices", "Language": "Various", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Roman Britain", "Region": "Britain", "Period of Existence": "43 \u2013 410 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Roads, architecture, law", "Language": "Latin", "Significant Rulers": "Hadrian" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt", "Region": "Egypt", "Period of Existence": "305 \u2013 30 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Hellenistic culture, science", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Cleopatra VII" }, { "Empire Name": "Norse Culture", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1100 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Exploration, poetry, sagas", "Language": "Norse", "Significant Rulers": "Leif Erikson" }, { "Empire Name": "Spanish Empire", "Region": "Worldwide", "Period of Existence": "1492 \u2013 1898 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Colonization, trade networks", "Language": "Spanish", "Significant Rulers": "Philip II" }, { "Empire Name": "Portuguese Empire", "Region": "Worldwide", "Period of Existence": "1415 \u2013 1999 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime exploration, trade", "Language": "Portuguese", "Significant Rulers": "Henry the Navigator" }, { "Empire Name": "Chola Empire", "Region": "India/Southeast Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Art, temple architecture", "Language": "Tamil", "Significant Rulers": "Rajaraja Chola I" }, { "Empire Name": "Nouadhibou Confederacy", "Region": "Mauritania", "Period of Existence": "Pre-colonial Era", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, governance", "Language": "Arabic", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Novgorod", "Region": "Russia", "Period of Existence": "Early Middle Ages", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, governance", "Language": "Old Russian", "Significant Rulers": "Gustaf Arvidsson" }, { "Empire Name": "Nan Madol", "Region": "Micronesia", "Period of Existence": "c. 1100 \u2013 1600 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Stone construction, political center", "Language": "Pohnpeian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Vandals", "Region": "North Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 430 \u2013 534 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Naval power, cultural influence", "Language": "Vandalic", "Significant Rulers": "Genseric" }, { "Empire Name": "Seljuk Turks", "Region": "Middle East", "Period of Existence": "c. 1037 \u2013 1194 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Islamic culture, warfare", "Language": "Turkic", "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Zimbabwe", "Region": "Southern Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1100 \u2013 1450 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, architecture", "Language": "Shona", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Khmt (Kemet)", "Region": "Egypt", "Period of Existence": "c. 3100 \u2013 332 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Writing, monumental architecture", "Language": "Egyptian", "Significant Rulers": "Pharaoh Narmer" }, { "Empire Name": "Albanian Kingdom", "Region": "Balkans", "Period of Existence": "c. 12th Century \u2013 1431 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, military strategies", "Language": "Albanian", "Significant Rulers": "Skanderbeg" }, { "Empire Name": "Malwa Sultanate", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 1400\u20131531 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, trade", "Language": "Hindi", "Significant Rulers": "Mahmud Khilji" }, { "Empire Name": "Augustan Rome", "Region": "Italy", "Period of Existence": "27 BCE \u2013 14 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural advancements, legal reforms", "Language": "Latin", "Significant Rulers": "Augustus" }, { "Empire Name": "Burgundian State", "Region": "France", "Period of Existence": "c. 407 \u2013 1477 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, economy", "Language": "Latin", "Significant Rulers": "Charles the Bold" }, { "Empire Name": "Sardinian Kingdom", "Region": "Sardinia", "Period of Existence": "Early Medieval", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, governance", "Language": "Sardinian", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Talaiotic Culture", "Region": "Balearic Islands", "Period of Existence": "Prehistoric", "Notable Contributions": "Megalithic construction, agriculture", "Language": "Talaiotic", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Iberian Kingdoms", "Region": "Iberian Peninsula", "Period of Existence": "c. 500 \u2013 1492 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade", "Language": "Latin/Castilian", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Chimu Empire", "Region": "Peru", "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 1470 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Agriculture, metalworking", "Language": "Chimu", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Lady of Elche", "Region": "Spain", "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 1st Century CE", "Notable Contributions": "Art, culture", "Language": "Iberian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Al Ruha", "Region": "Jordan", "Period of Existence": "c. 200 CE \u2013 700 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, trade", "Language": "Arabic", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Savoyard State", "Region": "Italy", "Period of Existence": "c. 200 \u2013 1860 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, politics", "Language": "Italian/French", "Significant Rulers": "Emmanuel Philibert" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Sogdiana", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 600 BCE \u2013 1000 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Silk Road trade, cultural exchange", "Language": "Sogdian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Mallorca", "Region": "Mallorca", "Period of Existence": "c. 1229 \u2013 1349 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, trade", "Language": "Catalan", "Significant Rulers": "Jaume I" }, { "Empire Name": "Republic of Venice", "Region": "Italy", "Period of Existence": "c. 697 \u2013 1797 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime power, commerce", "Language": "Italian", "Significant Rulers": "Venice Doge" }, { "Empire Name": "Maratha Empire", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "1674 \u2013 1818 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Regional autonomy, military tactics", "Language": "Marathi", "Significant Rulers": "Shivaji" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Navarra", "Region": "Spain", "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 1512 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Political alliance, trade", "Language": "Navarrese", "Significant Rulers": "Sancho VI" }, { "Empire Name": "Khazaria", "Region": "Eurasia", "Period of Existence": "c. 650 \u2013 965 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, cultural exchange", "Language": "Turkic/Hebrew", "Significant Rulers": "Bolu" }, { "Empire Name": "Catawba Nation", "Region": "North America", "Period of Existence": "c. 1650 \u2013 1759 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Agriculture, local governance", "Language": "Catawba", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Sogdian City-States", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 700 BCE \u2013 1000 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade", "Language": "Sogdian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Teutonic Order", "Region": "Eastern Europe", "Period of Existence": "1190 \u2013 1561 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Crusades, trade", "Language": "German", "Significant Rulers": "Hermann von Salza" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Flanders", "Region": "Belgium", "Period of Existence": "c. 862 \u2013 1795 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural impact, economy", "Language": "Flemish", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Nanzhao Kingdom", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "c. 748 \u2013 902 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural syncretism, trade", "Language": "Bai", "Significant Rulers": "Dali King" }, { "Empire Name": "Trigavel Kingdom", "Region": "Spain", "Period of Existence": "c. 8th Century onwards", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural achievements, defense", "Language": "Asturleonese", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Serbia", "Region": "Balkans", "Period of Existence": "c. 1196 \u2013 1371 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Military conflicts, culture", "Language": "Serbian", "Significant Rulers": "Stefan Du\u0161an" }, { "Empire Name": "Chakra Monarchy", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 1350 \u2013 1614 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural contributions", "Language": "Hindi", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Jinshan United States", "Region": "China", "Period of Existence": "c. 1st Century BCE \u2013 2nd Century CE", "Notable Contributions": "Economic development, trade", "Language": "Chinese", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Chandela Dynasty", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 9th \u2013 12th Century CE", "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, literature", "Language": "Hindi", "Significant Rulers": "Khajuraho" }, { "Empire Name": "Swahili City-States", "Region": "East Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 CE \u2013 1500 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime trade, culture", "Language": "Swahili", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Silla Kingdom", "Region": "Korea", "Period of Existence": "c. 57 BCE \u2013 935 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural advancements, Buddhism", "Language": "Korean", "Significant Rulers": "Heo Hwang-ok" }, { "Empire Name": "Mj\u00f6lnir Kingdom", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Period of Existence": NaN, "Notable Contributions": "Cultural legacy, arts", "Language": "Norse", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Akhadian Empire", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Period of Existence": "c. 2334 \u2013 2154 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "First empire, administration", "Language": "Akkadian", "Significant Rulers": "Sargon of Akkad" }, { "Empire Name": "Medieval Sicily", "Region": "Italy", "Period of Existence": "c. 831 \u2013 1194 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade", "Language": "Arabic/Sicilian", "Significant Rulers": "Roger II" }, { "Empire Name": "Mitanni Kingdom", "Region": "Near East", "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 1300 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Horses, chariotry", "Language": "Hurrian", "Significant Rulers": "Tushratta" }, { "Empire Name": "House of Saxe-Coburg", "Region": "Germany", "Period of Existence": "c. 1830 \u2013 1918 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Royal dynasties, European politics", "Language": "German", "Significant Rulers": "Albert" }, { "Empire Name": "East India Company", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "1600 \u2013 1874 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Colonial trade, governance", "Language": "English", "Significant Rulers": "Warren Hastings" }, { "Empire Name": "Khmer Empire", "Region": "Southeast Asia", "Period of Existence": "802 \u2013 1431 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Angkor Wat, irrigation", "Language": "Khmer", "Significant Rulers": "Jayavarman II" }, { "Empire Name": "Okhrid", "Region": "Macedonia", "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 Early Middle Ages", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural center, administration", "Language": "Greek/Slavic", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Sultanal Arakan", "Region": "Myanmar", "Period of Existence": "c. 1430 \u2013 1784 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Maritime power, trade", "Language": "Burmese", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Ipeq", "Region": "Bulgaria", "Period of Existence": "c. 861 \u2013 1018 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural foundation, education", "Language": "Bulgarian", "Significant Rulers": "Boris I" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Achaemenid Persians", "Region": "Persia", "Period of Existence": "c. 550 \u2013 330 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Administration, roads", "Language": "Persian", "Significant Rulers": "Cyrus the Great" }, { "Empire Name": "Orang Asli Tribes", "Region": "Malaysia", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 present", "Notable Contributions": "Indigenous culture, crafts", "Language": "Malay", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Odisha Empire", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1400 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, architecture", "Language": "Odia", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Janic Kingdom", "Region": "North Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1st Century \u2013 3rd Century CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade", "Language": "Latin", "Significant Rulers": "Merovech" }, { "Empire Name": "Diadochi Kingdoms", "Region": "Greece", "Period of Existence": "323 \u2013 30 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Secondary Monarchies, Hellenistic culture", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Antigonids" }, { "Empire Name": "Nabateans", "Region": "Arabia", "Period of Existence": "c. 4th Century BCE \u2013 106 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade, architecture", "Language": "Nabataean", "Significant Rulers": "Aretas IV" }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of Wessex", "Region": "England", "Period of Existence": "c. 519 \u2013 927 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Anglo-Saxon culture, unification", "Language": "Old English", "Significant Rulers": "Alfred the Great" }, { "Empire Name": "Chymar Empire", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 200 BCE \u2013 100 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Urban centers, trade", "Language": "Chymar", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Fu Manchu", "Region": "Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 1900 \u2013 1970 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural figures", "Language": "Various", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Albania Kingdom", "Region": "Albania", "Period of Existence": "c. 1190\u20131479 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Culture, arts", "Language": "Albanian", "Significant Rulers": "Ismail Qemali" }, { "Empire Name": "Bosporan Kingdom", "Region": "Taurica", "Period of Existence": "c. 480 BCE \u2013 370 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural integration, trade routes", "Language": "Sarmatian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Iberian Peninsula Cultures", "Region": "Spain/Portugal", "Period of Existence": "c. 3000 BCE \u2013 c. 1000 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, art", "Language": "Iberian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Vatican States", "Region": "Italy", "Period of Existence": "c. 754 AD \u2013 present", "Notable Contributions": "Religious influence, architecture", "Language": "Latin", "Significant Rulers": "Pope Leo XIII" }, { "Empire Name": "Tribal Confederation of Gallia", "Region": "France", "Period of Existence": "c. 400 \u2013 100 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Political structures, culture", "Language": "Gallic", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Timurid Empire", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "1370 - 1507 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural revival, architecture", "Language": "Persian", "Significant Rulers": "Timur" }, { "Empire Name": "Taliban United States", "Region": "Afghanistan", "Period of Existence": "1996 \u2013 2001, 2021 \u2013 Present", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural influence, politics", "Language": "Pashto/Dari", "Significant Rulers": "Mullah Omar" }, { "Empire Name": "Almacigue", "Region": "South America", "Period of Existence": "15th Century \u2013 19th Century", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural practices, ecology", "Language": "Various", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Mitla", "Region": "Mexico", "Period of Existence": "c. 950 \u2013 1521 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Architectural heritage, art", "Language": "Zapotec", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Burgher Union", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "1525 \u2013 1600 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, trade", "Language": "Gujarati", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms", "Region": "England", "Period of Existence": "410 \u2013 1066 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Historical legacies, culture", "Language": "Old English", "Significant Rulers": "Bede" }, { "Empire Name": "Namibia Confederation", "Region": "Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1950 \u2013 Present", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural practices, autochthonous rights", "Language": "Various", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Algiers", "Region": "North Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1516 \u2013 1830 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchange, piracy", "Language": "Arabic", "Significant Rulers": "Baba Ali" }, { "Empire Name": "Galician Kingdom", "Region": "Spain", "Period of Existence": "c. 800 \u2013 1230 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural achievements", "Language": "Galician", "Significant Rulers": "Ram\u00f3n Men\u00e9ndez Pidal" }, { "Empire Name": "Bazantyn", "Region": "Ukraine", "Period of Existence": "c. 9th Century \u2013 1480 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural interactions, agriculture", "Language": "Rus/Ruthenian", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Carthaginian Republic", "Region": "North Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 814 \u2013 146 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Naval dominance, trade", "Language": "Punic", "Significant Rulers": "Hannibal" }, { "Empire Name": "Swahili Empires", "Region": "East Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 \u2013 1500 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural interactions, trade", "Language": "Swahili", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Tuscan,\"Italy", "Region": "c. 1100 \u2013 15th Century", "Period of Existence": "Architectural innovations, agriculture ", "Notable Contributions": "Tuscany", "Language": NaN, "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Cascadia", "Region": "North America", "Period of Existence": "c. 16th \u2013 20th Century", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, civilizational developments", "Language": "Cascadian", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Norwegian Akershus", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Period of Existence": "c. 1300 \u2013 1800", "Notable Contributions": "Military history, trade", "Language": "Norwegian", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Zhou Dynasty ", "Region": "c. 1046 \u2013 256 BCE", "Period of Existence": "Philosophical developments, governance", "Notable Contributions": "Chinese", "Language": "Wuwang", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Navarre Kingdom", "Region": "Spain", "Period of Existence": "c. 905 \u2013 1512 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural synthesis, defense", "Language": "Basque", "Significant Rulers": "Sancho II" }, { "Empire Name": "Tucson Rodeo", "Region": "Arizona", "Period of Existence": "1820 \u2013 present", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural activities, agriculture", "Language": "English (Spanish region)", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Kalmar Union", "Region": " \"Scandinavia\"", "Period of Existence": "1397 \u2013 1523 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Unification of Scandinavian kingdoms", "Language": "Danish", "Significant Rulers": "Margaret I" }, { "Empire Name": "Selkuja", "Region": "Middle East", "Period of Existence": "1037 \u2013 1194 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Architectural achievements, cultural fusion", "Language": "Persian", "Significant Rulers": "Tughril Beg" }, { "Empire Name": "Khalsa", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "1699 \u2013 present", "Notable Contributions": "Sikh identity, spirituality", "Language": "Punjabi", "Significant Rulers": "Gobind Singh" }, { "Empire Name": "Caledonia", "Region": "Scotland", "Period of Existence": "c. 1st Century AD - 5th Century CE", "Notable Contributions": "Celtic heritage, resistance", "Language": "Gaelic", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Sasanian Empire", "Region": "Iran", "Period of Existence": "224 \u2013 651 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural developments, governance", "Language": "Middle Persian", "Significant Rulers": "Khosrow II" }, { "Empire Name": "Ali Pasha Epirus", "Region": "Greece", "Period of Existence": "c. 1744 \u2013 1822 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Ottoman administration, rebellion", "Language": "Albanian", "Significant Rulers": "Ali Pasha" }, { "Empire Name": "Bysanz", "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean", "Period of Existence": "c. 330 \u2013 1453 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural fusion, governance", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Justinian I" }, { "Empire Name": "Zulu Empire", "Region": "South Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1816 \u2013 1897 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Military organization, culture", "Language": "Zulu", "Significant Rulers": "Shaka Zulu" }, { "Empire Name": "Macromeric Empire", "Region": "Central Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 2600 \u2013 2000 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural advancements", "Language": "Macromeric", "Significant Rulers": NaN }, { "Empire Name": "Kingdom of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill", "Region": "Ireland", "Period of Existence": "c. 400 \u2013 1167 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Celtic governance, Ireland", "Language": "Irish", "Significant Rulers": "Niall of the Nine Hostages" }, { "Empire Name": "Scythian", "Region": "Eurasia", "Period of Existence": "c. 900 \u2013 200 BCE", "Notable Contributions": "Military strategies, trade routes", "Language": "Scythian", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Venetian Republic", "Region": "Venice", "Period of Existence": "421 \u2013 1797 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Naval power, trade", "Language": "Italian", "Significant Rulers": "Enrico Dandolo" }, { "Empire Name": "Haida Nation", "Region": "North America", "Period of Existence": "c. 1500 \u2013 Present", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural heritage, craftsmanship", "Language": "Haida", "Significant Rulers": "Chiefs and leaders" }, { "Empire Name": "Burgundian State", "Region": "France", "Period of Existence": "c. 407 \u2013 1477 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Finesse in trade, arts", "Language": "French", "Significant Rulers": "Duke Philip the Good" }, { "Empire Name": "Hausa Kingdoms", "Region": "West Africa", "Period of Existence": "c. 1000 \u2013 1800 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Trade networks, governance", "Language": "Hausa", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Anjou Kingdom", "Region": "France/England", "Period of Existence": "c. 931 \u2013 1485 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural exchanges, politics", "Language": "Old French", "Significant Rulers": "Henry II" }, { "Empire Name": "Chola Dynasty", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 300 BCE \u2013 1279 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Art, literature, architecture", "Language": "Tamil", "Significant Rulers": "Rajendra Chola I" }, { "Empire Name": "Great Moravia", "Region": "Czech Republic/Slovakia", "Period of Existence": "c. 833 \u2013 907 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural influence, governance", "Language": "Slavic", "Significant Rulers": "Svatopluk I" }, { "Empire Name": "Empire of Nicaea", "Region": "Byzantine Greece", "Period of Existence": "1204 \u2013 1261 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural renaissance, resistance", "Language": "Greek", "Significant Rulers": "Theodore II" }, { "Empire Name": "Chakra Empire", "Region": "Subcontinent", "Period of Existence": "c. 13th Century \u2013 17th Century", "Notable Contributions": "Astronomy, mathematics", "Language": "Hindi", "Significant Rulers": "Various" }, { "Empire Name": "Achyutharaya Empire", "Region": "India", "Period of Existence": "c. 1530 \u2013 1646 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Architecture, cultural synthesis", "Language": "Kannada", "Significant Rulers": "Achyutharaya" }, { "Empire Name": "Aztec Empire", "Region": "Mesoamerica", "Period of Existence": "1428 \u2013 1521 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural and agricultural advancements", "Language": "Nahuatl", "Significant Rulers": "Moctezuma II" }, { "Empire Name": "Shaiva Kingdoms", "Region": "South Asia", "Period of Existence": "c. 600 \u2013 1200 CE", "Notable Contributions": "Cultural precursors", "Language": "Tamil", "Significant Rulers": "Various" } ]