The dataset comprises information about various countries and their electoral systems, types of government, and specific notes regarding their electoral processes. This compilation enables a comparative analysis of different governance structures and voting methodologies used across the globe.
| Country | Electoral System | Type of Government | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Used for most elections, single-member districts. |
| United Kingdom | First Past the Post | Constitutional Monarchy | Used for House of Commons elections. |
| Canada | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Used for federal and provincial elections. |
| Germany | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Republic | Combines FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Australia | Preferential Voting | Parliamentary Democracy | Voters rank candidates in order of preference. |
| New Zealand | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Allows voters to cast two votes: for a party and a candidate. |
| Sweden | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Democracy | Uses a list system for parliamentary elections. |
| Norway | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Party-list proportional representation. |
| Finland | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | D'Hondt method for allocating seats. |
| France | Two-Round System | Semi-Presidential Republic | Majority required in the first round; if not, a second round is held. |
| Italy | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Brazil | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Party-list proportional representation with an open list. |
| India | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Used for Lok Sabha (House of the People) elections. |
| Japan | Mixed-Member Electoral System | Unitary Parliamentary Democracy | Combination of single-member districts and proportional representation. |
| South Africa | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Closed party lists; no single-member districts. |
| Argentina | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Open list system for legislative elections. |
| Spain | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Monarchy | D'Hondt method used for allocating seats. |
| Israel | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Democracy | Single national list; no electoral threshold. |
| Mexico | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Russia | Mixed Electoral System | Federal Semi-Presidential Republic | Combination of plurality and proportional representation. |
| South Korea | Mixed-Member Proportional | Presidential Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Netherlands | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Open list system for parties. |
| Chile | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Combination of proportional representation and majority systems. |
| Colombia | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Combination of FPTP for some seats and proportional representation for others. |
| Philippines | Two-Round System | Unitary Presidential Republic | FPTP for the House of Representatives with some party-list representation. |
| Pakistan | First Past the Post | Federal Parliamentary Republic | Used for National Assembly elections. |
| Bangladesh | First Past the Post | Unitary Parliamentary Republic | Used for Jatiya Sangsad elections. |
| Nigeria | First Past the Post | Federal Presidential Republic | Used for Presidential and National Assembly elections. |
| Turkey | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Threshold of 7% for parties to enter parliament. |
| Indonesia | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Closed list proportional representation. |
| Malaysia | First Past the Post | Federal Constitutional Monarchy | Used for parliamentary elections. |
| Vietnam | Single-Party System | Socialist Republic | Elections held under a single party. |
| Singapore | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Republic | Elections conducted every five years. |
| Taiwan | Mixed-Member Proportional | Democratic Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Thailand | Mixed-Member Proportional | Constitutional Monarchy | Hybrid of direct elections and party-list representation. |
| Ukraine | Mixed Electoral System | Unitary Parliamentary Republic | FPTP and proportional representation with a 5% threshold. |
| Morocco | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Party-list system with proportional representation. |
| Kuwait | Plurality | Constitutional Monarchy | Elected parliament with limited powers. |
| Qatar | First Past the Post | Absolute Monarchy | Limited elections; advisory council only. |
| Saudi Arabia | No Elections | Absolute Monarchy | No national elections; limited municipal elections. |
| UAE | No Elections | Absolute Monarchy | Limited elections for half of the advisory council. |
| Angola | Majority | Presidential Republic | Majority elections for Presidential elections. |
| Cuba | Single Party System | Socialist Republic | National Assembly elected indirectly. |
| Zimbabwe | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | FPTP for House of Assembly, proportional representation for Senate. |
| South Sudan | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Elections held post-independence. |
| Sri Lanka | Preferential Voting | Unitary Semi-Presidential Republic | Voters rank candidates; mixed electoral system. |
| Malawi | First Past the Post | Unitary Presidential Republic | Used for parliamentary elections. |
| Germany | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Republic | Allows for both direct and proportional representation. |
| Taiwan | Mixed-Member Proportional | Democratic Republic | Combination of District and At-Large voting. |
| Estonia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses an open list system. |
| Slovenia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | D'Hondt method with multi-member districts. |
| Luxembourg | Proportional Representation | Grand Duchy | Uses party lists for parliamentary elections. |
| Cyprus | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Multimember districts and D'Hondt method. |
| Belgium | Proportional Representation | Federal Monarchy | Complex multi-layered system with various regional parliaments. |
| Portugal | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Party lists, with the assembly elected for four-year terms. |
| Ireland | Single Transferable Vote | Parliamentary Democracy | Proportional representation through ranked voting. |
| Scotland | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Hybrid system for Scottish Parliament elections. |
| Wales | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Uses additional member system for Senedd. |
| New Zealand | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Voters have two votes: one for a party, one for a candidate. |
| Denmark | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Party-list proportional representation. |
| Switzerland | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Uses both proportional and majoritarian systems. |
| Austria | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Party list voting with a 4% threshold. |
| Georgia | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Armenia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses a 5% threshold for party representation. |
| Montenegro | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Closed list proportional representation. |
| Kosovo | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Requires parties to get at least 5% to enter the Assembly. |
| Serbia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Multi-member district system with a 5% threshold. |
| Latvia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Party-list system with a 5% threshold. |
| Lithuania | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Proportional representation through multi-member districts. |
| Estonia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses an open list system. |
| Finland | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Electoral Districts have varying sizes. |
| Iceland | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses a modified Sainte-Laguë method. |
| Slovakia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Closed list proportional representation. |
| Behaviors | Electoral System | Type of Electoral Participation | Notes on Effectiveness |
| Botswana | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Republic | Stable democracy with regular elections. |
| Zambia | First Past the Post | Presidential Republic | Elections held after political changes in the region. |
| Lesotho | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy | Hybrid system to encourage proportionality. |
| Madagascar | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Second round held if no candidate achieves majority. |
| Timor-Leste | Proportional Representation | Semi-Presidential Republic | Open list proportional representation. |
| Nauru | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Uses a form of the single transferable vote. |
| Samoa | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Republic | Traditionally FPTP, facing reform discussions. |
| Kyrgyzstan | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Combination of district and party-list voting. |
| Vanuatu | Preferential Voting | Parliamentary Republic | Uses optional preferential voting for elected representatives. |
| Fiji | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Reform of electoral system to enhance representation. |
| Palau | Modified Borda Count | Presidential Republic | Localized system to enhance candidate preferences. |
| Marshall Islands | Modified Borda Count | Presidential Republic | Voters rank candidates; unique electoral method. |
| Nepal | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Democratic Republic | Newly reformed electoral system after civil war. |
| Bhutan | First Past the Post | Constitutional Monarchy | Rapidly developing democracy. |
| Aspera | Distribution | Type of Voter Engagement | Notes on Effectiveness |
| Eswatini (Swaziland) | No Elections | Absolute Monarchy | Limited political participation; no national elections. |
| South Sudan | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Struggling with governance and election logistics. |
| Anguilla | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Localized election system under UK governance. |
| Bermuda | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Elections regulated by the British government. |
| Montserrat | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Elections for Legislative Assembly. |
| Saint Helena | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Recent elections for governing council. |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Elections for House of Assembly. |
| Falkland Islands | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Legislative Council elections. |
| Guernsey | First Past the Post | British Crown Dependency | Elections for the States of Guernsey. |
| Jersey | First Past the Post | British Crown Dependency | Elections for the States Assembly. |
| Isle of Man | First Past the Post | British Crown Dependency | Elections for the House of Keys. |
| Pitcairn Islands | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Electoral system for Island council elections. |
| Christmas Island | Optional Preferential Voting | Australian External Territory | Unique electoral participation method. |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Optional Preferential Voting | Australian External Territory | Similar electoral system to Christmas Island. |
| Puerto Rico | Mixed Electoral System | Unincorporated Territory of the U.S. | Hybrid FPTP and proportional representation. |
| Grenada | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Elections for the House of Representatives. |
| Dominica | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular elections for Parliament under Westminster system. |
| Saint Lucia | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular electoral cycles for national governance. |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Elections every five years. |
| Nepal | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Democratic Republic | Newly reformed electoral system after civil war. |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | Mixed Electoral System | Semi-Presidential Republic | Challenges with electoral violence and governance. |
| Mali | Two-Round System | Semi-Presidential Republic | Political challenges affecting electoral integrity. |
| Central African Republic | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Struggles with governance and stability. |
| Burundi | Mixed-Member Proportional | Presidential Republic | Political tension affecting elections. |
| Chad | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Access to governance highly contested. |
| Zanzibar | Multi-Party System | Constitutional Democracy | Electoral disputes among parties. |
| Comoros | First Past the Post | Federal Islamic Republic | Governance issues impacting electoral processes. |
| Haiti | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | History of electoral disputes and governance challenges. |
| Somalia | Plurality Votes | Federal Republic | Electoral system faced with ongoing conflict. |
| Papua New Guinea | Optional Preferential Voting | Parliamentary Democracy | Unique voting methodology to prioritize preferences. |
| Timor-Leste | Proportional Representation | Semi-Presidential Republic | Transitional electoral governance structures. |
| Tajikistan | Majoritarian System | Presidential Republic | Reports of low political pluralism. |
| Uzbekistan | Majoritarian System | Presidential Republic | Elections subject to strict government control. |
| Palestine | Proportional Representation | Semi-Presidential System | Disputed electoral governance structure. |
| Western Sahara | No Elections | Disputed Territory | Lacks recognized governance systems. |
| Mauritania | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Political turmoil affecting electoral processes. |
| Equatorial Guinea | No Elections | Authoritarian State | Limited electoral processes; political repression. |
| Burkina Faso | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Struggles with political stability and governance. |
| Lebanon | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Sectarian-based electoral representation. |
| Jordan | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Candidates elected through complex electoral laws. |
| United Arab Emirates | No Elections | Federal Absolute Monarchy | Limited political participation. |
| Brainstorming | Electoral System Opportunities | Potential Innovations | Description of advancements in governance. |
| Venezuela | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Contested elections amidst political crisis. |
| Barbados | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular elections for the House of Assembly. |
| Antigua and Barbuda | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Elections for the House of Representatives. |
| Seychelles | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Political dynamics with proportional representation. |
| Belize | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular elections for the National Assembly. |
| Tanzania | Mixed-Member Proportional | Presidential Republic | Political dynamics with historical challenges. |
| Malawi | First Past the Post | Unitary Presidential Republic | Electoral governance evolving with democratic processes. |
| Zimbabwe | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Contested elections with calls for reform. |
| Mayotte | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | Elections conducted under French governance rules. |
| Guadeloupe | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | French electoral processes applied. |
| Martinique | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | Under French governance; elections held. |
| Réunion | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | Elections governed by French law. |
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | No Elections | Special Municipality of the Netherlands | Governance by appointed officials. |
| Curacao | Parliamentary System | Country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Elections for the Parliament in a semi-autonomous context. |
| Aruba | Parliamentary System | Country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Local elections under Dutch law. |
| Sint Maarten | Parliamentary System | Country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Elections for the Parliament; semi-autonomous governance. |
| Federal States | Electoral System Type | Governance Effectiveness | Key observations on electoral systems. |
| ASIA | Electoral System Opportunities | Potential Innovations | Various proposals for clear governance. |