+-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Country | Electoral System | Type of Government | Notes | +=====+==================================+================================+===============================================+================================================================================+ | 0 | United States | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Used for most elections, single-member districts. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | United Kingdom | First Past the Post | Constitutional Monarchy | Used for House of Commons elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Canada | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Used for federal and provincial elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | Germany | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Republic | Combines FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 4 | Australia | Preferential Voting | Parliamentary Democracy | Voters rank candidates in order of preference. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 5 | New Zealand | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Allows voters to cast two votes: for a party and a candidate. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 | Sweden | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Democracy | Uses a list system for parliamentary elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 7 | Norway | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Party-list proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Finland | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | D'Hondt method for allocating seats. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 9 | France | Two-Round System | Semi-Presidential Republic | Majority required in the first round; if not, a second round is held. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 10 | Italy | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 11 | Brazil | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Party-list proportional representation with an open list. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 12 | India | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Used for Lok Sabha (House of the People) elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 13 | Japan | Mixed-Member Electoral System | Unitary Parliamentary Democracy | Combination of single-member districts and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 14 | South Africa | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Closed party lists; no single-member districts. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 15 | Argentina | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Open list system for legislative elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 16 | Spain | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Monarchy | D'Hondt method used for allocating seats. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 17 | Israel | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Democracy | Single national list; no electoral threshold. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 18 | Mexico | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 19 | Russia | Mixed Electoral System | Federal Semi-Presidential Republic | Combination of plurality and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 20 | South Korea | Mixed-Member Proportional | Presidential Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 21 | Netherlands | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Open list system for parties. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 22 | Chile | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Combination of proportional representation and majority systems. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 23 | Colombia | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Combination of FPTP for some seats and proportional representation for others. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 24 | Philippines | Two-Round System | Unitary Presidential Republic | FPTP for the House of Representatives with some party-list representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 25 | Pakistan | First Past the Post | Federal Parliamentary Republic | Used for National Assembly elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 26 | Bangladesh | First Past the Post | Unitary Parliamentary Republic | Used for Jatiya Sangsad elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 27 | Nigeria | First Past the Post | Federal Presidential Republic | Used for Presidential and National Assembly elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 28 | Turkey | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Threshold of 7% for parties to enter parliament. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 29 | Indonesia | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Closed list proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 30 | Malaysia | First Past the Post | Federal Constitutional Monarchy | Used for parliamentary elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 31 | Vietnam | Single-Party System | Socialist Republic | Elections held under a single party. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 32 | Singapore | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Republic | Elections conducted every five years. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 33 | Taiwan | Mixed-Member Proportional | Democratic Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 34 | Thailand | Mixed-Member Proportional | Constitutional Monarchy | Hybrid of direct elections and party-list representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 35 | Ukraine | Mixed Electoral System | Unitary Parliamentary Republic | FPTP and proportional representation with a 5% threshold. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 36 | Morocco | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Party-list system with proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 37 | Kuwait | Plurality | Constitutional Monarchy | Elected parliament with limited powers. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 38 | Qatar | First Past the Post | Absolute Monarchy | Limited elections; advisory council only. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 39 | Saudi Arabia | No Elections | Absolute Monarchy | No national elections; limited municipal elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 40 | UAE | No Elections | Absolute Monarchy | Limited elections for half of the advisory council. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 41 | Angola | Majority | Presidential Republic | Majority elections for Presidential elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 42 | Cuba | Single Party System | Socialist Republic | National Assembly elected indirectly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 43 | Zimbabwe | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | FPTP for House of Assembly, proportional representation for Senate. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 44 | South Sudan | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Elections held post-independence. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 45 | Sri Lanka | Preferential Voting | Unitary Semi-Presidential Republic | Voters rank candidates; mixed electoral system. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 46 | Malawi | First Past the Post | Unitary Presidential Republic | Used for parliamentary elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 47 | Germany | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Republic | Allows for both direct and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 48 | Taiwan | Mixed-Member Proportional | Democratic Republic | Combination of District and At-Large voting. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 49 | Estonia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses an open list system. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 50 | Slovenia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | D'Hondt method with multi-member districts. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 51 | Luxembourg | Proportional Representation | Grand Duchy | Uses party lists for parliamentary elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 52 | Cyprus | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Multimember districts and D'Hondt method. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 53 | Belgium | Proportional Representation | Federal Monarchy | Complex multi-layered system with various regional parliaments. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 54 | Portugal | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Party lists, with the assembly elected for four-year terms. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 55 | Ireland | Single Transferable Vote | Parliamentary Democracy | Proportional representation through ranked voting. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 56 | Scotland | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Hybrid system for Scottish Parliament elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 57 | Wales | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Uses additional member system for Senedd. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 58 | New Zealand | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Democracy | Voters have two votes: one for a party, one for a candidate. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 59 | Denmark | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Party-list proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 60 | Switzerland | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Uses both proportional and majoritarian systems. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 61 | Austria | Proportional Representation | Federal Republic | Party list voting with a 4% threshold. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 62 | Georgia | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Combination of FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 63 | Armenia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses a 5% threshold for party representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 64 | Montenegro | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Closed list proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 65 | Kosovo | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Requires parties to get at least 5% to enter the Assembly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 66 | Serbia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Multi-member district system with a 5% threshold. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 67 | Latvia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Party-list system with a 5% threshold. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 68 | Lithuania | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Proportional representation through multi-member districts. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 69 | Estonia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses an open list system. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 70 | Finland | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Electoral Districts have varying sizes. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 71 | Iceland | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Uses a modified Sainte-Laguë method. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 72 | Slovakia | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Closed list proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 73 | Behaviors | Electoral System | Type of Electoral Participation | Notes on Effectiveness | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 74 | Botswana | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Republic | Stable democracy with regular elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 75 | Zambia | First Past the Post | Presidential Republic | Elections held after political changes in the region. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 76 | Lesotho | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy | Hybrid system to encourage proportionality. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 77 | Madagascar | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Second round held if no candidate achieves majority. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 78 | Timor-Leste | Proportional Representation | Semi-Presidential Republic | Open list proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 79 | Nauru | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Uses a form of the single transferable vote. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 80 | Samoa | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Republic | Traditionally FPTP, facing reform discussions. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 81 | Kyrgyzstan | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Combination of district and party-list voting. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 82 | Vanuatu | Preferential Voting | Parliamentary Republic | Uses optional preferential voting for elected representatives. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 83 | Fiji | Mixed-Member Proportional | Parliamentary Republic | Reform of electoral system to enhance representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 84 | Palau | Modified Borda Count | Presidential Republic | Localized system to enhance candidate preferences. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 85 | Marshall Islands | Modified Borda Count | Presidential Republic | Voters rank candidates; unique electoral method. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 86 | Nepal | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Democratic Republic | Newly reformed electoral system after civil war. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 87 | Bhutan | First Past the Post | Constitutional Monarchy | Rapidly developing democracy. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 88 | Aspera | Distribution | Type of Voter Engagement | Notes on Effectiveness | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 89 | Eswatini (Swaziland) | No Elections | Absolute Monarchy | Limited political participation; no national elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 90 | South Sudan | First Past the Post | Federal Republic | Struggling with governance and election logistics. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 91 | Anguilla | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Localized election system under UK governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 92 | Bermuda | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Elections regulated by the British government. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 93 | Montserrat | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Elections for Legislative Assembly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 94 | Saint Helena | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Recent elections for governing council. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 95 | Turks and Caicos Islands | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Elections for House of Assembly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 96 | Falkland Islands | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Legislative Council elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 97 | Guernsey | First Past the Post | British Crown Dependency | Elections for the States of Guernsey. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 98 | Jersey | First Past the Post | British Crown Dependency | Elections for the States Assembly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 99 | Isle of Man | First Past the Post | British Crown Dependency | Elections for the House of Keys. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 100 | Pitcairn Islands | First Past the Post | British Overseas Territory | Electoral system for Island council elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 101 | Christmas Island | Optional Preferential Voting | Australian External Territory | Unique electoral participation method. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 102 | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Optional Preferential Voting | Australian External Territory | Similar electoral system to Christmas Island. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 103 | Puerto Rico | Mixed Electoral System | Unincorporated Territory of the U.S. | Hybrid FPTP and proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 104 | Grenada | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Elections for the House of Representatives. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 105 | Dominica | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular elections for Parliament under Westminster system. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 106 | Saint Lucia | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular electoral cycles for national governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 107 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Elections every five years. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 108 | Nepal | Mixed-Member Proportional | Federal Democratic Republic | Newly reformed electoral system after civil war. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 109 | Democratic Republic of Congo | Mixed Electoral System | Semi-Presidential Republic | Challenges with electoral violence and governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 110 | Mali | Two-Round System | Semi-Presidential Republic | Political challenges affecting electoral integrity. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 111 | Central African Republic | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Struggles with governance and stability. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 112 | Burundi | Mixed-Member Proportional | Presidential Republic | Political tension affecting elections. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 113 | Chad | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Access to governance highly contested. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 114 | Zanzibar | Multi-Party System | Constitutional Democracy | Electoral disputes among parties. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 115 | Comoros | First Past the Post | Federal Islamic Republic | Governance issues impacting electoral processes. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 116 | Haiti | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | History of electoral disputes and governance challenges. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 117 | Somalia | Plurality Votes | Federal Republic | Electoral system faced with ongoing conflict. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 118 | Papua New Guinea | Optional Preferential Voting | Parliamentary Democracy | Unique voting methodology to prioritize preferences. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 119 | Timor-Leste | Proportional Representation | Semi-Presidential Republic | Transitional electoral governance structures. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 120 | Tajikistan | Majoritarian System | Presidential Republic | Reports of low political pluralism. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 121 | Uzbekistan | Majoritarian System | Presidential Republic | Elections subject to strict government control. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 122 | Palestine | Proportional Representation | Semi-Presidential System | Disputed electoral governance structure. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 123 | Western Sahara | No Elections | Disputed Territory | Lacks recognized governance systems. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 124 | Mauritania | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Political turmoil affecting electoral processes. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 125 | Equatorial Guinea | No Elections | Authoritarian State | Limited electoral processes; political repression. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 126 | Burkina Faso | Two-Round System | Presidential Republic | Struggles with political stability and governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 127 | Lebanon | Proportional Representation | Parliamentary Republic | Sectarian-based electoral representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 128 | Jordan | Proportional Representation | Constitutional Monarchy | Candidates elected through complex electoral laws. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 129 | United Arab Emirates | No Elections | Federal Absolute Monarchy | Limited political participation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 130 | Brainstorming | Electoral System Opportunities | Potential Innovations | Description of advancements in governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 131 | Venezuela | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Contested elections amidst political crisis. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 132 | Barbados | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular elections for the House of Assembly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 133 | Antigua and Barbuda | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Elections for the House of Representatives. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 134 | Seychelles | Proportional Representation | Presidential Republic | Political dynamics with proportional representation. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 135 | Belize | First Past the Post | Parliamentary Democracy | Regular elections for the National Assembly. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 136 | Tanzania | Mixed-Member Proportional | Presidential Republic | Political dynamics with historical challenges. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 137 | Malawi | First Past the Post | Unitary Presidential Republic | Electoral governance evolving with democratic processes. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 138 | Zimbabwe | Mixed Electoral System | Presidential Republic | Contested elections with calls for reform. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 139 | Mayotte | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | Elections conducted under French governance rules. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 140 | Guadeloupe | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | French electoral processes applied. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 141 | Martinique | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | Under French governance; elections held. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 142 | Réunion | Two-Round System | Overseas Department of France | Elections governed by French law. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 143 | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | No Elections | Special Municipality of the Netherlands | Governance by appointed officials. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 144 | Curacao | Parliamentary System | Country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Elections for the Parliament in a semi-autonomous context. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 145 | Aruba | Parliamentary System | Country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Local elections under Dutch law. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 146 | Sint Maarten | Parliamentary System | Country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Elections for the Parliament; semi-autonomous governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 147 | Federal States | Electoral System Type | Governance Effectiveness | Key observations on electoral systems. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 148 | ASIA | Electoral System Opportunities | Potential Innovations | Various proposals for clear governance. | +-----+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+