This dataset contains a collection of various optical and sensory illusions, each characterized by its unique properties and the way they manipulate perception. The entries include detailed descriptions of the illusions, their classifications, sources of information, and the specific categories they belong to.
| Name | Type | Description | Source | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rubin's Vase | Optical Illusion | A vase that can be seen as two faces or a single vase depending on perception. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Munker-White Illusion | Color Perception | Colors appear to change depending on the surrounding colors they are displayed with. | Scientific American | Color |
| Hzs polarity illusion | Spatial Illusion | Effect of motion perception reversed with rotating spirals. | Nature | Motion |
| Kanizsa Square | Geometrical Illusion | An illusory square formed by three pac-men shapes and a triangle. | Optical Society | Geometric |
| Necker Cube | 3D Illusion | A two-dimensional drawing that can be perceived in different orientations in three dimensions. | Wikipedia | 3D |
| Two-Faced Woman | Face Perception | An ambiguous image that can be seen as two different faces. | Psychology Today | Facial |
| Ambiguous Cylinder | 3D Shape Illusion | A shape that appears to be different objects from different angles. | Scientific American | Spatial |
| Shepard's Tables | Geometric Illusion | Two tables that appear to be different sizes but are actually the same. | Wikipedia | Geometric |
| Impossible Triangle (Penrose Triangle) | Impossible Object | A triangle that cannot exist in three-dimensional space. | Mental Floss | Geometry |
| Sound Illusion - Shepard Tone | Auditory Illusion | A sound that appears to ascend in pitch indefinitely without getting higher. | YouTube | Auditory |
| Motion Aftereffect | Perceptual Illusion | The fading or illusion of motion after observing it for a certain period. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Zöllner Illusion | Line Illusion | Parallel lines appear to be slanted due to intersecting lines. | Scientific American | Geometric |
| Titchener Circles | Ebbinghaus Illusion | A central circle appears larger or smaller depending on surrounding circles. | Psychology Today | Size |
| Old Woman/Young Woman | Face Perception | An ambiguous image that can be perceived as either an old woman or a young woman. | Wikipedia | Facial |
| Checker Shadow Illusion | Color Perception | Brightness perception altered by surrounding colors and shadows. | Scientific American | Brightness |
| Cafe Wall Illusion | Geometric Illusion | Horizontal lines appear warped due to offset tiles. | Wikipedia | Geometric |
| Fraser Spiral | Geometric Illusion | A spiral that appears to be curving when it is actually made of concentric circles. | Psychology Today | Geometric |
| Jastrow Illusion | Size Illusion | Two identical shapes appear different in size when positioned differently. | Scientific American | Size |
| Motion Displacement Illusion | Motion Illusion | A stationary object appears to move when surrounding objects are moving. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Kanizsa Triangle | Geometric Illusion | An illusory triangle formed by Pac-Man shapes. | Psychology Today | Geometric |
| Temporal Illusion | Time Perception | Perception of time can seem to stretch or contract depending on context or activity. | Scientific American | Temporal |
| Color Affects Brightness | Color Illusion | A color's perceived brightness changes based on surrounding colors. | Wikipedia | Color |
| Dalton's First Law | Color Perception | Mixtures of colors perceived differently than their components individually. | Psychology Today | Color |
| Troxler Effect | Visual Persistence | Fading of peripheral vision and surrounding objects when fixating on a central object. | Scientific American | Visual |
| Perceptual Set | Expectation Effect | Context and prior knowledge influence perception. | Wikipedia | Cognitive |
| Vase-Face Illusion | Ambiguous Figure | An image perceived as two different objects depending on figure-ground distinction. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Gestalt Principles | Perceptual Grouping | The human brain interprets visual elements as organized patterns or wholes. | Scientific American | Cognitive |
| Afterimage Effects | Visual Persistence | Residual visual sensations lingering after the stimulus is removed. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Moiré Pattern | Visual Effect | Interference pattern created when two grids overlap at an angle. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Neon Color Spreading | Color Illusion | Perceived color bleeding outside its boundaries. | Scientific American | Color |
| Autokinetic Effect | Motion Illusion | A stationary point of light in the dark appears to move. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Ambiguous Cylinder Illusion | 3D Illusion | An object that looks different from various angles, creating depth. | Psychology Today | Spatial |
| Miniature Effect | Size Perception | Objects appear smaller when observed from a distance, affecting perception of reality. | Scientific American | Size |
| Illusory Contours | Perceptual Illusion | Perception of edges and contours despite no actual lines existing. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Hering Illusion | Line Illusion | Straight parallel lines appear curved when straddled by other lines. | Psychology Today | Geometric |
| Fries's Spiral | Geometric Illusion | A spiral that consists of concentric circles but appears to spiral. | Scientific American | Geometric |
| Café Wall Illusion | Geometric Illusion | Horizontal lines that appear sloped due to the arrangement of tiles. | Wikipedia | Geometric |
| Columns of Light | Light Illusion | Vertical lines appear tilted due to adjacent colors, tricking the mind. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Circular Motion Illusion | Motion Perception | Static images viewed in certain patterns appear to move in circles. | Scientific American | Motion |
| Spinning Dancer | Motion Illusion | A silhouette figure appears to spin in one direction or the other based on focus. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Gestalt Closure | Visual Completion | The mind fills in missing parts to create fully formed images. | Psychology Today | Cognitive |
| Motion-Induced Blindness | Vision Effect | Stationary objects disappear when moving objects are present in the periphery. | Scientific American | Motion |
| Visual Snow | Visual Disorder | A perception of tiny bright dots in the visual field, often constant and distracting. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Cornsweet Illusion | Brightness Illusion | Two adjoining regions of different brightness appear homogenous because of their edges. | Psychology Today | Brightness |
| Simultaneous Contrast Illusion | Color Illusion | Surrounding colors can change the perception of an object's color. | Science Magazine | Color |
| Illusory Depth | Spatial Illusion | Flat images that trick the mind into perceiving depth or three-dimensionality. | Wikipedia | Spatial |
| Rotating Snakes | Motion Illusion | A static image that appears to move due to the arrangement of colors and shapes. | Scientific American | Motion |
| Color Constancy | Perception of Color | The brain's ability to perceive consistent colors under varying lighting conditions. | Psychology Today | Color |
| Strabismic Amblyopia | Vision Effect | Discrepancy in image perception due to eye misalignment. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Flashed Face Distortion Effect | Facial Perception | Rapidly flashed face images become distorted upon perception. | Scientific American | Facial |
| Shimmering Illusion | Light Illusion | Movement perception created by flashing lights or patterns. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Octagonal Illusion | Shape Illusion | Perception of a change in shape due to surrounding angles and shapes. | Wikipedia | Geometric |
| Delboeuf Illusion | Size Illusion | A central circle appears larger or smaller based on surrounding circles' size. | Scientific American | Size |
| Watercolor Illusion | Visual Effect | The edges of shapes appear blurred or diffused as if painted with watercolors. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Temporal Binding | Time Perception | The brain's tendency to combine sensory stimuli into one perception over time. | Wikipedia | Temporal |
| Cheshire Cat Effect | Visual Illusion | The perception of images disappearing where only parts remain visible, similar to the Cheshire Cat. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Lightness Constancy | Brightness Perception | The perception of lightness remains constant despite changes in illumination. | Scientific American | Brightness |
| Illusory Motion Effect | Motion Illusion | Static images that create the perception of motion through color or shape. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Curvature Illusion | Geometric Perception | Curved lines perceived as straight depending on context and surrounding shapes. | Psychology Today | Geometric |
| Flicker Fusion Threshold | Vision Effect | The frequency at which an intermittent light source is perceived as steady by the human eye. | Scientific American | Visual |
| Stroop Effect | Cognitive Illusion | A delay in reaction time when color words and colors conflict, affecting perception. | Wikipedia | Cognitive |
| Perceptual Rivalry | Visual Competition | Simultaneously presenting two different interpretations leads to alternating perceptions. | Scientific American | Visual |
| Mismatched Illusions | Illusion Effects | Combining mismatched visuals leading to perception errors. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Motion Camouflage | Motion Perception | Moving targets appear to remain stationary against a complex, textured background. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Depth Perception Illusion | Spatial Perception | Flat images that create an illusion of depth due to gradients and shadows. | Scientific American | Spatial |
| Blind Spot Phenomenon | Visual Effect | The area of the retina with no photoreceptors that leads to blind spots in vision. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Fading Effect | Perceptual Illusion | Objects fade from perception with prolonged observation due to neural adaptation. | Wikipedia | Cognitive |
| Perspective Illusion | Spatial Illusion | Objects are perceived to change size based on depth cues like convergence and texture gradients. | Scientific American | Spatial |
| Temporal Paradox | Time Perception | The perception of time's passage varying based on engagement or emotional state. | Psychology Today | Temporal |
| Visual Field Inversion | Spatial Illusion | Inverted images due to changes in perception when objects are viewed upside down. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Crossed Eye Illusion | 3D Illusion | Objects positioned in a way that creates confusion about their depth or distance. | Scientific American | 3D |
| Photographic Illusion | Visual Trickery | Photographs that create illusions or unexpected perceptions in shapes and forms. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Neural Misfiring | Sensory Illusion | Mismatched signals in the brain that lead to perceptual inaccuracies. | Wikipedia | Cognitive |
| Color-Changing Surface | Color Illusion | Perceived color changes based on light angle and viewing position. | Science Magazine | Color |
| Shifted Perception | Visual Change | Gradually changing colors or patterns that lead to shifting perceptions over time. | Psychology Today | Color |
| Optical Spinning Wheel | Motion Illusion | Static wheels or disks appear to spin when viewed under certain conditions. | Wikipedia | Motion |
| Ambiguous Point Cloud | 3D Illusion | A cloud of points that can suggest different forms or shapes based on viewing angle. | Scientific American | 3D |
| Surround Suppression | Visual Perception | Reduction in sensitivity to stimuli in a visually engaging environment. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Scotoma Effect | Vision Phenomenon | A blind spot influenced or masked by surrounding visual stimuli. | Psychology Today | Visual |
| Change Blindness | Visual Illusion | Failure to detect changes in a visual stimulus when changes occur during a visual disruption. | Scientific American | Visual |
| Magnifying Glass Effect | Visual Perception | A visual distortion appearing larger or smaller than intended due to its surroundings. | Wikipedia | Visual |
| Shadow Illusion | Brightness Perception | Shadows creating the perception of depth and relief in flat images. | Psychology Today | Brightness |
| 3D Clear Depth,"Spatial Illusion,"Enhanced perception of depth in images through stereoscopic vision. | Wikipedia,Spatial" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Color Interaction,"Color Illusion,"Interactions of colors that change perceptions of hue and brightness. | Scientific American,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Electromagnetic Vision,"Perceptual Innovation,"Greater than normal sensitivity to visual stimulation leading to unique perception. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Negative Afterimages,"Visual Illusion,"Inversion of colors following prolonged exposure to an intense stimulus. | Psychology Today,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Tonal Consistency,"Color Illusion,"Maintaining perceived color between different lighting temperatures while altering brightness. | Scientific American,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Surface Texture Affect,"Visual Illusion,"Perceived texture affecting depth understanding in images. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Neuronal Illusion,"Perception Trick,"Neurons misinterpreting signals leading to altered perceptions of reality. | Psychology Today,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Circular Motion Loop,"Motion Illusion,"Static images of circles appearing to rotate due to visual dynamics. | Scientific American,Motion" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Complex Labyrinth Effect,"Spatial Illusion,"Navigating complex images leading to spatial orientation errors. | Wikipedia,Spatial" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Visual Ambiguity,"Cognitive Illusion,"An image that can be interpreted in multiple ways. | Psychology Today,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Auditory Illusion,"Sonic Perception,"Sounds perceived as different due to varying contexts or expectations. | Scientific American,Auditory" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Haptic Illusion,"Touch Perception,"Feelings and perceptions of touch differing due to contextual cues. | Wikipedia,Sensory" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Illusory Motion Perception,"Motion Effect,"Fixation on a pattern can create a perception of movement in static images. | Psychology Today,Motion" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Radial Blur,"Visual Effect,"Perception of speed by blurring motion trails in circular patterns. | Wikipedia,Motion" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Phase Shift Illusion,"Color Effect,"Colors appearing to shift hue due to the influence of surrounding colors. | Scientific American,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Reflective Ambiguity,"Cognitive Illusion,"Reflections creating alternative meanings or perceptions in visuals. | Wikipedia,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Layered Perception,"Spatial Illusion,"Understanding layered images that impact depth and foreground relations. | Psychology Today,Spatial" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Polarized Color Contrast,"Color Illusion,"Contrasting polarized colors misinterpreted leading to unusual visual experiences. | Scientific American,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Fuzzy Depth Perception,"Visual Effect,"Depth perception becoming blurry or indistinct due to various factors. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Unpredictable Patterns,"Visual Trick,"Complex patterns leading to unpredictable visual interpretations. | Psychology Today,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Color Shifting Background,"Color Derby,"A backdrop that creates moving color illusions when interacting with foreground objects. | Scientific American,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Virtual Shape Error,"Visual Illusion,"Errors in shape perception when viewed through specific technology or media. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Highly Reflective Surfaces,"Visual Perception,"Surfaces leading to overwhelming reflective properties confusing visual perception. | Psychology Today,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Dynamic Contextual Changes,"Perception Challenge,"Changing visual contexts that lead to misalignment of perception and environment. | Scientific American,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Introduced Optical Feedback,"Illusion Effect,"Feedback loop in visuals creating altered images and perceptions. | Wikipedia,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Stylized Ambiguity,"Visual Illusion,"Stylized representations leading to misinterpretation of intention or meaning. | Psychology Today,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Light Source Manipulation,"Brightness Illusion,"Perception of brightness shifting based on manipulated lighting conditions. | Scientific American,Brightness" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Flicker Illusions,"Light Perception,"Flickering lights that lead to varying interpretations of movement and shape. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Geometric Illusions in Nature,"Nature Perception,"Natural formations that create illusions or unexpected shapes in environment. | Psychology Today,Nature" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Annotated Visual Misinterpretation,"Cognitive Trick,"Annotated images that guide misperception leading to generational views. | Scientific American,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Thermographic Perception,"Color Temperature,"Perception of heat variations converting into visual differences is often misunderstood. | Wikipedia,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Angled Region Deformation,"Spatial Illusion,"Illusions formed by bending angles creating unexpected shapes. | Psychology Today,Spatial" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Color Hues Alignment,"Color Illusion,"Different hues appearing brighter or darker based upon their positioning along color spectrum. | Scientific American,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Gradient Distortion,"Visual Effect,"Gradients leading to misinterpreted perceptions of stretched images across space. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Dynamic Optical Fields,"Vision Toolkit,"Optical fields yielding interactive perceptions to alternating viewing environments. | Psychology Today,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Misaligned Gaze Targets,"Multidirectional Illusion,"Gaze moving target leading to multi-dimensional perspectives cannot align clearly. | Scientific American | Spatial | NaN | NaN |
| Recontextualized Spatial References,"Cognitive Challenge,"Changing the context of spatial references creating misrecognition patterns. | Wikipedia | Cognitive | NaN | NaN |
| Complex Shape Deformations,"Shape Illusion,"Perception misalignment in multi-faceted shapes leading to indecipherable visuals. | Psychology Today,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Organizational Curve Errors,"Visual Perception,"Curved visuals misrepresenting linear axes through perception errors. | Scientific American | Geometric | NaN | NaN |
| Depth Mismatch Illusion,"Spatial Error,"Subtle differences leading to a mismatch in perceived and actual distances. | Wikipedia | Spatial | NaN | NaN |
| Enhanced Spatial Resolution,"Visual Technology Effect,"Technological effects leading to enhanced spatial perceptions artificially. | Psychology Today,Spatial" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Color Temperature Conflict,"Color Illusion,"Conflicts between color temperature perceived in different light sources leaving uncertainty in vision. | Scientific American | Color | NaN | NaN |
| Altered Environment Perspectives,"Cognitive Test,"Testing environments in visual recognition leading to perspective confusion. | Wikipedia,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Interference Color Perception,"Visual Divergence,"Interference from other colors leading to diverged perception of main colors. | Psychology Today,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Misleading Auditory Factors,"Sound Illusion,"Auditory cues misleading perception of behind-the-scenes action or setting. | Scientific American,Auditory" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Perception of Transparency,"Layered Visual Illusion,"Misunderstanding transparency among layered colors leading to distorted views. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Correlated Depth Shifts,"Spatial Analysis,"Analyzing depth shifts leading to misjudged spatial visualizations. | Psychology Today,Spatial" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Subset Visual Misinterpretation,"Visualization Trick,"Misinterpretation of subsets in visuals leading to misrecognition or redundancy. | Scientific American,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Dynamic Pattern Recognition,"Visual Adaptation,"Recognition patterns in dynamic visuals leading to shifting perceptions. | Wikipedia,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Surging Color Influence,"Color Variation,"Rapid color changes causing differential peripherals within perceptual impact. | Psychology Today,Color" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Observational Effect Boost,"Cognitive Habituation,"Repeated exposures leading to changes in experiences or expectations in perception. | Scientific American,Cognitive" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Polychromatic Reflections,"Visual Dynamics,"Complex reflections of multiple colors affecting visual impression. | Wikipedia,Visual" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Interactive Illusion Systems,"Cognitive Framework,"Systems designed to create illusions feedback in interactive views and contexts, leading to engaging experiences. | Psychology Today | Cognitive | NaN | NaN |
| Synesthetic Color Interaction,"Visual-Sensory Fusion,"Fusion of senses displaying unexpected results in color perception. | Scientific American | Color | NaN | NaN |
| Instrumental Motion Illusions,"Motion Recognition,"Responses to instrumental motions creating subtextual visual messages leading to feedback experiences. | Wikipedia,Motion" | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| Polarizing Filters Effect,"Visual Clarity,"Perception enhanced through the use of polarizers creating varied results in landscapes. | Psychology Today | Visual | NaN | NaN |
| Composite Image Dynamics,"Visual Formation,"Understanding a composite image as a complete formed object versus its visual components. | Scientific American | Cognitive | NaN | NaN |