| Rubin's Vase |
Optical Illusion |
A vase that can be seen as two faces or a single vase depending on perception. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Munker-White Illusion |
Color Perception |
Colors appear to change depending on the surrounding colors they are displayed with. |
Scientific American |
Color |
| Hzs polarity illusion |
Spatial Illusion |
Effect of motion perception reversed with rotating spirals. |
Nature |
Motion |
| Kanizsa Square |
Geometrical Illusion |
An illusory square formed by three pac-men shapes and a triangle. |
Optical Society |
Geometric |
| Necker Cube |
3D Illusion |
A two-dimensional drawing that can be perceived in different orientations in three dimensions. |
Wikipedia |
3D |
| Two-Faced Woman |
Face Perception |
An ambiguous image that can be seen as two different faces. |
Psychology Today |
Facial |
| Ambiguous Cylinder |
3D Shape Illusion |
A shape that appears to be different objects from different angles. |
Scientific American |
Spatial |
| Shepard's Tables |
Geometric Illusion |
Two tables that appear to be different sizes but are actually the same. |
Wikipedia |
Geometric |
| Impossible Triangle (Penrose Triangle) |
Impossible Object |
A triangle that cannot exist in three-dimensional space. |
Mental Floss |
Geometry |
| Sound Illusion - Shepard Tone |
Auditory Illusion |
A sound that appears to ascend in pitch indefinitely without getting higher. |
YouTube |
Auditory |
| Motion Aftereffect |
Perceptual Illusion |
The fading or illusion of motion after observing it for a certain period. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Zöllner Illusion |
Line Illusion |
Parallel lines appear to be slanted due to intersecting lines. |
Scientific American |
Geometric |
| Titchener Circles |
Ebbinghaus Illusion |
A central circle appears larger or smaller depending on surrounding circles. |
Psychology Today |
Size |
| Old Woman/Young Woman |
Face Perception |
An ambiguous image that can be perceived as either an old woman or a young woman. |
Wikipedia |
Facial |
| Checker Shadow Illusion |
Color Perception |
Brightness perception altered by surrounding colors and shadows. |
Scientific American |
Brightness |
| Cafe Wall Illusion |
Geometric Illusion |
Horizontal lines appear warped due to offset tiles. |
Wikipedia |
Geometric |
| Fraser Spiral |
Geometric Illusion |
A spiral that appears to be curving when it is actually made of concentric circles. |
Psychology Today |
Geometric |
| Jastrow Illusion |
Size Illusion |
Two identical shapes appear different in size when positioned differently. |
Scientific American |
Size |
| Motion Displacement Illusion |
Motion Illusion |
A stationary object appears to move when surrounding objects are moving. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Kanizsa Triangle |
Geometric Illusion |
An illusory triangle formed by Pac-Man shapes. |
Psychology Today |
Geometric |
| Temporal Illusion |
Time Perception |
Perception of time can seem to stretch or contract depending on context or activity. |
Scientific American |
Temporal |
| Color Affects Brightness |
Color Illusion |
A color's perceived brightness changes based on surrounding colors. |
Wikipedia |
Color |
| Dalton's First Law |
Color Perception |
Mixtures of colors perceived differently than their components individually. |
Psychology Today |
Color |
| Troxler Effect |
Visual Persistence |
Fading of peripheral vision and surrounding objects when fixating on a central object. |
Scientific American |
Visual |
| Perceptual Set |
Expectation Effect |
Context and prior knowledge influence perception. |
Wikipedia |
Cognitive |
| Vase-Face Illusion |
Ambiguous Figure |
An image perceived as two different objects depending on figure-ground distinction. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Gestalt Principles |
Perceptual Grouping |
The human brain interprets visual elements as organized patterns or wholes. |
Scientific American |
Cognitive |
| Afterimage Effects |
Visual Persistence |
Residual visual sensations lingering after the stimulus is removed. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Moiré Pattern |
Visual Effect |
Interference pattern created when two grids overlap at an angle. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Neon Color Spreading |
Color Illusion |
Perceived color bleeding outside its boundaries. |
Scientific American |
Color |
| Autokinetic Effect |
Motion Illusion |
A stationary point of light in the dark appears to move. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Ambiguous Cylinder Illusion |
3D Illusion |
An object that looks different from various angles, creating depth. |
Psychology Today |
Spatial |
| Miniature Effect |
Size Perception |
Objects appear smaller when observed from a distance, affecting perception of reality. |
Scientific American |
Size |
| Illusory Contours |
Perceptual Illusion |
Perception of edges and contours despite no actual lines existing. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Hering Illusion |
Line Illusion |
Straight parallel lines appear curved when straddled by other lines. |
Psychology Today |
Geometric |
| Fries's Spiral |
Geometric Illusion |
A spiral that consists of concentric circles but appears to spiral. |
Scientific American |
Geometric |
| Café Wall Illusion |
Geometric Illusion |
Horizontal lines that appear sloped due to the arrangement of tiles. |
Wikipedia |
Geometric |
| Columns of Light |
Light Illusion |
Vertical lines appear tilted due to adjacent colors, tricking the mind. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Circular Motion Illusion |
Motion Perception |
Static images viewed in certain patterns appear to move in circles. |
Scientific American |
Motion |
| Spinning Dancer |
Motion Illusion |
A silhouette figure appears to spin in one direction or the other based on focus. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Gestalt Closure |
Visual Completion |
The mind fills in missing parts to create fully formed images. |
Psychology Today |
Cognitive |
| Motion-Induced Blindness |
Vision Effect |
Stationary objects disappear when moving objects are present in the periphery. |
Scientific American |
Motion |
| Visual Snow |
Visual Disorder |
A perception of tiny bright dots in the visual field, often constant and distracting. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Cornsweet Illusion |
Brightness Illusion |
Two adjoining regions of different brightness appear homogenous because of their edges. |
Psychology Today |
Brightness |
| Simultaneous Contrast Illusion |
Color Illusion |
Surrounding colors can change the perception of an object's color. |
Science Magazine |
Color |
| Illusory Depth |
Spatial Illusion |
Flat images that trick the mind into perceiving depth or three-dimensionality. |
Wikipedia |
Spatial |
| Rotating Snakes |
Motion Illusion |
A static image that appears to move due to the arrangement of colors and shapes. |
Scientific American |
Motion |
| Color Constancy |
Perception of Color |
The brain's ability to perceive consistent colors under varying lighting conditions. |
Psychology Today |
Color |
| Strabismic Amblyopia |
Vision Effect |
Discrepancy in image perception due to eye misalignment. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Flashed Face Distortion Effect |
Facial Perception |
Rapidly flashed face images become distorted upon perception. |
Scientific American |
Facial |
| Shimmering Illusion |
Light Illusion |
Movement perception created by flashing lights or patterns. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Octagonal Illusion |
Shape Illusion |
Perception of a change in shape due to surrounding angles and shapes. |
Wikipedia |
Geometric |
| Delboeuf Illusion |
Size Illusion |
A central circle appears larger or smaller based on surrounding circles' size. |
Scientific American |
Size |
| Watercolor Illusion |
Visual Effect |
The edges of shapes appear blurred or diffused as if painted with watercolors. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Temporal Binding |
Time Perception |
The brain's tendency to combine sensory stimuli into one perception over time. |
Wikipedia |
Temporal |
| Cheshire Cat Effect |
Visual Illusion |
The perception of images disappearing where only parts remain visible, similar to the Cheshire Cat. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Lightness Constancy |
Brightness Perception |
The perception of lightness remains constant despite changes in illumination. |
Scientific American |
Brightness |
| Illusory Motion Effect |
Motion Illusion |
Static images that create the perception of motion through color or shape. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Curvature Illusion |
Geometric Perception |
Curved lines perceived as straight depending on context and surrounding shapes. |
Psychology Today |
Geometric |
| Flicker Fusion Threshold |
Vision Effect |
The frequency at which an intermittent light source is perceived as steady by the human eye. |
Scientific American |
Visual |
| Stroop Effect |
Cognitive Illusion |
A delay in reaction time when color words and colors conflict, affecting perception. |
Wikipedia |
Cognitive |
| Perceptual Rivalry |
Visual Competition |
Simultaneously presenting two different interpretations leads to alternating perceptions. |
Scientific American |
Visual |
| Mismatched Illusions |
Illusion Effects |
Combining mismatched visuals leading to perception errors. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Motion Camouflage |
Motion Perception |
Moving targets appear to remain stationary against a complex, textured background. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Depth Perception Illusion |
Spatial Perception |
Flat images that create an illusion of depth due to gradients and shadows. |
Scientific American |
Spatial |
| Blind Spot Phenomenon |
Visual Effect |
The area of the retina with no photoreceptors that leads to blind spots in vision. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Fading Effect |
Perceptual Illusion |
Objects fade from perception with prolonged observation due to neural adaptation. |
Wikipedia |
Cognitive |
| Perspective Illusion |
Spatial Illusion |
Objects are perceived to change size based on depth cues like convergence and texture gradients. |
Scientific American |
Spatial |
| Temporal Paradox |
Time Perception |
The perception of time's passage varying based on engagement or emotional state. |
Psychology Today |
Temporal |
| Visual Field Inversion |
Spatial Illusion |
Inverted images due to changes in perception when objects are viewed upside down. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Crossed Eye Illusion |
3D Illusion |
Objects positioned in a way that creates confusion about their depth or distance. |
Scientific American |
3D |
| Photographic Illusion |
Visual Trickery |
Photographs that create illusions or unexpected perceptions in shapes and forms. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Neural Misfiring |
Sensory Illusion |
Mismatched signals in the brain that lead to perceptual inaccuracies. |
Wikipedia |
Cognitive |
| Color-Changing Surface |
Color Illusion |
Perceived color changes based on light angle and viewing position. |
Science Magazine |
Color |
| Shifted Perception |
Visual Change |
Gradually changing colors or patterns that lead to shifting perceptions over time. |
Psychology Today |
Color |
| Optical Spinning Wheel |
Motion Illusion |
Static wheels or disks appear to spin when viewed under certain conditions. |
Wikipedia |
Motion |
| Ambiguous Point Cloud |
3D Illusion |
A cloud of points that can suggest different forms or shapes based on viewing angle. |
Scientific American |
3D |
| Surround Suppression |
Visual Perception |
Reduction in sensitivity to stimuli in a visually engaging environment. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Scotoma Effect |
Vision Phenomenon |
A blind spot influenced or masked by surrounding visual stimuli. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
| Change Blindness |
Visual Illusion |
Failure to detect changes in a visual stimulus when changes occur during a visual disruption. |
Scientific American |
Visual |
| Magnifying Glass Effect |
Visual Perception |
A visual distortion appearing larger or smaller than intended due to its surroundings. |
Wikipedia |
Visual |
| Shadow Illusion |
Brightness Perception |
Shadows creating the perception of depth and relief in flat images. |
Psychology Today |
Brightness |
| 3D Clear Depth,"Spatial Illusion,"Enhanced perception of depth in images through stereoscopic vision. |
Wikipedia,Spatial" |
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| Color Interaction,"Color Illusion,"Interactions of colors that change perceptions of hue and brightness. |
Scientific American,Color" |
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NaN |
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| Electromagnetic Vision,"Perceptual Innovation,"Greater than normal sensitivity to visual stimulation leading to unique perception. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Negative Afterimages,"Visual Illusion,"Inversion of colors following prolonged exposure to an intense stimulus. |
Psychology Today,Visual" |
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NaN |
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| Tonal Consistency,"Color Illusion,"Maintaining perceived color between different lighting temperatures while altering brightness. |
Scientific American,Color" |
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NaN |
| Surface Texture Affect,"Visual Illusion,"Perceived texture affecting depth understanding in images. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Neuronal Illusion,"Perception Trick,"Neurons misinterpreting signals leading to altered perceptions of reality. |
Psychology Today,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Circular Motion Loop,"Motion Illusion,"Static images of circles appearing to rotate due to visual dynamics. |
Scientific American,Motion" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Complex Labyrinth Effect,"Spatial Illusion,"Navigating complex images leading to spatial orientation errors. |
Wikipedia,Spatial" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Visual Ambiguity,"Cognitive Illusion,"An image that can be interpreted in multiple ways. |
Psychology Today,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Auditory Illusion,"Sonic Perception,"Sounds perceived as different due to varying contexts or expectations. |
Scientific American,Auditory" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Haptic Illusion,"Touch Perception,"Feelings and perceptions of touch differing due to contextual cues. |
Wikipedia,Sensory" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Illusory Motion Perception,"Motion Effect,"Fixation on a pattern can create a perception of movement in static images. |
Psychology Today,Motion" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Radial Blur,"Visual Effect,"Perception of speed by blurring motion trails in circular patterns. |
Wikipedia,Motion" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Phase Shift Illusion,"Color Effect,"Colors appearing to shift hue due to the influence of surrounding colors. |
Scientific American,Color" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Reflective Ambiguity,"Cognitive Illusion,"Reflections creating alternative meanings or perceptions in visuals. |
Wikipedia,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Layered Perception,"Spatial Illusion,"Understanding layered images that impact depth and foreground relations. |
Psychology Today,Spatial" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Polarized Color Contrast,"Color Illusion,"Contrasting polarized colors misinterpreted leading to unusual visual experiences. |
Scientific American,Color" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Fuzzy Depth Perception,"Visual Effect,"Depth perception becoming blurry or indistinct due to various factors. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Unpredictable Patterns,"Visual Trick,"Complex patterns leading to unpredictable visual interpretations. |
Psychology Today,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Color Shifting Background,"Color Derby,"A backdrop that creates moving color illusions when interacting with foreground objects. |
Scientific American,Color" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Virtual Shape Error,"Visual Illusion,"Errors in shape perception when viewed through specific technology or media. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Highly Reflective Surfaces,"Visual Perception,"Surfaces leading to overwhelming reflective properties confusing visual perception. |
Psychology Today,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Dynamic Contextual Changes,"Perception Challenge,"Changing visual contexts that lead to misalignment of perception and environment. |
Scientific American,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Introduced Optical Feedback,"Illusion Effect,"Feedback loop in visuals creating altered images and perceptions. |
Wikipedia,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Stylized Ambiguity,"Visual Illusion,"Stylized representations leading to misinterpretation of intention or meaning. |
Psychology Today,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Light Source Manipulation,"Brightness Illusion,"Perception of brightness shifting based on manipulated lighting conditions. |
Scientific American,Brightness" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Flicker Illusions,"Light Perception,"Flickering lights that lead to varying interpretations of movement and shape. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Geometric Illusions in Nature,"Nature Perception,"Natural formations that create illusions or unexpected shapes in environment. |
Psychology Today,Nature" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Annotated Visual Misinterpretation,"Cognitive Trick,"Annotated images that guide misperception leading to generational views. |
Scientific American,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Thermographic Perception,"Color Temperature,"Perception of heat variations converting into visual differences is often misunderstood. |
Wikipedia,Color" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Angled Region Deformation,"Spatial Illusion,"Illusions formed by bending angles creating unexpected shapes. |
Psychology Today,Spatial" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Color Hues Alignment,"Color Illusion,"Different hues appearing brighter or darker based upon their positioning along color spectrum. |
Scientific American,Color" |
NaN |
NaN |
NaN |
| Gradient Distortion,"Visual Effect,"Gradients leading to misinterpreted perceptions of stretched images across space. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Dynamic Optical Fields,"Vision Toolkit,"Optical fields yielding interactive perceptions to alternating viewing environments. |
Psychology Today,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Misaligned Gaze Targets,"Multidirectional Illusion,"Gaze moving target leading to multi-dimensional perspectives cannot align clearly. |
Scientific American |
Spatial |
NaN |
NaN |
| Recontextualized Spatial References,"Cognitive Challenge,"Changing the context of spatial references creating misrecognition patterns. |
Wikipedia |
Cognitive |
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NaN |
| Complex Shape Deformations,"Shape Illusion,"Perception misalignment in multi-faceted shapes leading to indecipherable visuals. |
Psychology Today,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Organizational Curve Errors,"Visual Perception,"Curved visuals misrepresenting linear axes through perception errors. |
Scientific American |
Geometric |
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NaN |
| Depth Mismatch Illusion,"Spatial Error,"Subtle differences leading to a mismatch in perceived and actual distances. |
Wikipedia |
Spatial |
NaN |
NaN |
| Enhanced Spatial Resolution,"Visual Technology Effect,"Technological effects leading to enhanced spatial perceptions artificially. |
Psychology Today,Spatial" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Color Temperature Conflict,"Color Illusion,"Conflicts between color temperature perceived in different light sources leaving uncertainty in vision. |
Scientific American |
Color |
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NaN |
| Altered Environment Perspectives,"Cognitive Test,"Testing environments in visual recognition leading to perspective confusion. |
Wikipedia,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Interference Color Perception,"Visual Divergence,"Interference from other colors leading to diverged perception of main colors. |
Psychology Today,Color" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Misleading Auditory Factors,"Sound Illusion,"Auditory cues misleading perception of behind-the-scenes action or setting. |
Scientific American,Auditory" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Perception of Transparency,"Layered Visual Illusion,"Misunderstanding transparency among layered colors leading to distorted views. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Correlated Depth Shifts,"Spatial Analysis,"Analyzing depth shifts leading to misjudged spatial visualizations. |
Psychology Today,Spatial" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Subset Visual Misinterpretation,"Visualization Trick,"Misinterpretation of subsets in visuals leading to misrecognition or redundancy. |
Scientific American,Visual" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Dynamic Pattern Recognition,"Visual Adaptation,"Recognition patterns in dynamic visuals leading to shifting perceptions. |
Wikipedia,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Surging Color Influence,"Color Variation,"Rapid color changes causing differential peripherals within perceptual impact. |
Psychology Today,Color" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Observational Effect Boost,"Cognitive Habituation,"Repeated exposures leading to changes in experiences or expectations in perception. |
Scientific American,Cognitive" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Polychromatic Reflections,"Visual Dynamics,"Complex reflections of multiple colors affecting visual impression. |
Wikipedia,Visual" |
NaN |
NaN |
NaN |
| Interactive Illusion Systems,"Cognitive Framework,"Systems designed to create illusions feedback in interactive views and contexts, leading to engaging experiences. |
Psychology Today |
Cognitive |
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NaN |
| Synesthetic Color Interaction,"Visual-Sensory Fusion,"Fusion of senses displaying unexpected results in color perception. |
Scientific American |
Color |
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NaN |
| Instrumental Motion Illusions,"Motion Recognition,"Responses to instrumental motions creating subtextual visual messages leading to feedback experiences. |
Wikipedia,Motion" |
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NaN |
NaN |
| Polarizing Filters Effect,"Visual Clarity,"Perception enhanced through the use of polarizers creating varied results in landscapes. |
Psychology Today |
Visual |
NaN |
NaN |
| Composite Image Dynamics,"Visual Formation,"Understanding a composite image as a complete formed object versus its visual components. |
Scientific American |
Cognitive |
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