1 |
Darwinian Evolution |
Biology |
Charles Darwin |
1859 |
Theory of natural selection. |
2 |
Modern Synthesis |
Biology |
Various |
1940s |
Integration of genetics with natural selection. |
3 |
Lamarckism |
Biology |
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
1809 |
Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. |
4 |
Punctuated Equilibrium |
Biology |
Stephen Jay Gould & Niles Eldredge |
1972 |
Evolution occurs in rapid bursts. |
5 |
Adaptive Radiation |
Biology |
Various |
1930s |
Diversification of a group of organisms. |
6 |
Artificial Selection |
Biology |
Humans |
Ancient Times |
Selective breeding by humans. |
7 |
Endosymbiotic Theory |
Biology |
Lynn Margulis |
1967 |
Origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic symbiosis. |
8 |
Speciation |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Formation of new and distinct species. |
9 |
Gradualism |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Evolutionary changes occur slowly over time. |
10 |
Horizontal Gene Transfer |
Biology |
Various |
1960s |
Transfer of genetic material between organisms. |
11 |
Evolutionary Developmental Biology |
Biology |
Various |
1980s |
Study of the relationship between evolution and development. |
12 |
Convergent Evolution |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Independent evolution of similar traits. |
13 |
Divergent Evolution |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Differentiation of a species into different forms. |
14 |
Coevolution |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Two or more species influence each other's evolution. |
15 |
Genetic Drift |
Biology |
Various |
1900s |
Random changes in allele frequencies. |
16 |
Founder Effect |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Reduced genetic diversity from a small population. |
17 |
Bottleneck Effect |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Reduction in genetic diversity due to a catastrophic event. |
18 |
Mimicry |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Similarity of one organism to another which enhances fitness. |
19 |
Sexual Selection |
Biology |
Charles Darwin |
1871 |
Natural selection arising through preference for certain characteristics. |
20 |
Recapitulation Theory |
Biology |
Ernst Haeckel |
1866 |
Development of the individual organism resembles the evolution of the species. |
21 |
Biogeography |
Biology |
Alfred Wegener |
1915 |
Study of the geographic distribution of species. |
22 |
Niche Construction |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Organisms shaping their own ecological niches. |
23 |
Ecological Genetics |
Biology |
Various |
1940s |
Effects of natural selection at the genetic level. |
24 |
Molecular Evolution |
Biology |
Various |
1960s |
Evolutionary changes at the molecular level. |
25 |
Paleobiology |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Study of the history of life on Earth through fossils. |
26 |
Evolutionary Psychology |
Psychology |
Various |
1990s |
Exploring the evolution of human behavior. |
27 |
Cultural Evolution |
Anthropology |
Various |
NaN |
Evolution of cultures and societies. |
28 |
Phenotypic Plasticity |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
The ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to environmental conditions. |
29 |
Nuclear Inclusion Theory |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
The significance of nuclear genome in evolution. |
30 |
Kettlewell's Moths |
Biology |
Bernard Kettlewell |
1950s |
Study illustrating natural selection in moth coloration. |
31 |
Genome-environment Interactions |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How genetic and environmental factors interact in evolution. |
32 |
Evo-Devo |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Interdisciplinary field integrating evolution and developmental biology. |
33 |
Taxonomy |
Biology |
Carl Linnaeus |
1735 |
Classification of organisms and evolutionary relationships. |
34 |
Phylogenetics |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities. |
35 |
Heterochrony |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Evolutionary change in the timing of development. |
36 |
Extinction Events |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Mass extinctions leading to significant evolutionary changes. |
37 |
Vestigial Structures |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Structures that have lost most or all of their original function. |
38 |
Fossil Records |
Geology |
Various |
NaN |
Information about past life forms and their evolution. |
39 |
Morphological Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in the structure and form of organisms. |
40 |
Genomic Selection |
Biology |
Various |
2000s |
Using genome-wide markers for selective breeding. |
41 |
Transgenics |
Biology |
Various |
1970s |
Genetic engineering involving the transfer of genes between organisms. |
42 |
Climate Change Impact |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Influence of climate change on species evolution. |
43 |
Phenomena of Mimicry |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptive advantage of resembling other species. |
44 |
Genome Sequencing |
Biology |
Various |
1990s |
Determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome. |
45 |
Disruptive Selection |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Favors extreme phenotypes over intermediate phenotypes. |
46 |
Stabilizing Selection |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Favors average phenotypes over extreme phenotypes. |
47 |
Directional Selection |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Favors one extreme phenotype in a given environment. |
48 |
Sexual Dimorphism |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Differences in appearance between males and females of the same species. |
49 |
Cetacean Evolution |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Evolution of whales and dolphins from land-dwelling mammals. |
50 |
Plant Evolution |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Evolution of plants from simple forms to complex structures. |
51 |
Cichlid Fish Diversity |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Rapid diversification of cichlid fish in African lakes. |
52 |
Antibiotic Resistance |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Evolution of bacteria to resist treatment through antibiotics. |
53 |
Circadian Rhythms in Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary significance of circadian cycles in organisms. |
54 |
Cranial Evolution in Hominins |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Changes in brain size and shape in human evolution. |
55 |
Evolution of Wings in Insects |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary adaptations leading to the development of wings. |
56 |
Evolution of Color Vision |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptive significance of color vision in primates. |
57 |
Social Behavior Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How social behaviors have evolved in different species. |
58 |
Symbiotic Relationships |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Interdependent relationships between different species. |
59 |
Fish Speciation in Coral Reefs |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
High diversity and speciation rates observed in coral reef fish. |
60 |
Agile Predator Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations in speed and agility in predatory species. |
61 |
Neoteny in Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Retention of juvenile features in adults. |
62 |
Evolution of Flight |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
How different species have developed the ability to fly. |
63 |
Evolution of Lungs |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Transition from water breathing to air breathing in vertebrates. |
64 |
Coloration in Animals |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of coloration for camouflage and signaling. |
65 |
Cooperative Breeding |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Social arrangement where individuals help raise offspring. |
66 |
Evolution of Social Structures |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development of complex social systems in certain species. |
67 |
Learning and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How learning behaviors have evolved in species. |
68 |
Viral Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Viruses evolving to evade host defenses. |
69 |
Evolutionary Medicine |
Medicine |
Various |
NaN |
Application of evolutionary theory to understand health and disease. |
70 |
Fermentation in Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of biochemical pathways involved in fermentation. |
71 |
Crypsis |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Ability of an organism to avoid detection by predators. |
72 |
Reproductive Isolation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Mechanisms preventing species from interbreeding. |
73 |
Habitat Fragmentation Effects |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Impact of habitat division on species evolution. |
74 |
Sympatric Speciation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Speciation that occurs without physical separation. |
75 |
Allopatric Speciation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Speciation that occurs due to geographic isolation. |
76 |
Polyploidy in Plants |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes. |
77 |
Host-parasite Coevolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How hosts and parasites influence each other's evolution. |
78 |
Biochemical Cycles |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of biochemical pathways and cycles. |
79 |
Respiratory System Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development of respiratory systems in vertebrates. |
80 |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Study of the interactions between evolution and ecology. |
81 |
Warming Oceans and Coral Reefs |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Impact of climate change on coral ecosystems. |
82 |
Pollinator Adaptations |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of traits to attract pollinators. |
83 |
Vascular Plant Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How plants developed vascular systems. |
84 |
Land Mammal Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in land mammals over evolutionary time. |
85 |
Evolution of Mimic Octopus |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations for mimicry in the Mimic Octopus. |
86 |
Reproductive Strategies |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Various strategies species use to reproduce. |
87 |
Social Insects Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of social behavior in insects like ants and bees. |
88 |
Freshwater Fish Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Diversity and adaptations in freshwater fish. |
89 |
Arthropod Exoskeleton Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development of hard outer coverings in arthropods. |
90 |
Evolution of Nerve Cells |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations leading to complex nervous systems. |
91 |
Evolution of Immunity |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in immune responses through evolution. |
92 |
Camouflage in Nature |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptive coloration and patterns for concealment. |
93 |
Thermoregulation Evolutions |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations for temperature regulation in animals. |
94 |
Venom Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of venom in predator and prey interactions. |
95 |
Intelligence Evolution in Animals |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of cognitive functions in different species. |
96 |
Evolution of Antlers and Horns |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development of ornamental traits in males. |
97 |
Ecosystem Engineers |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Species that create or modify habitats. |
98 |
Brain Evolution in Vertebrates |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptive changes in brain size and structure. |
99 |
Saltwater Fish Adaptations |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary responses to life in saline environments. |
100 |
Coral Symbiosis |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Interactive relationships between corals and their symbionts. |
101 |
Bipedalism in Hominins |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of walking on two legs in human ancestors. |
102 |
Mammalian Divergence |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary splits among mammalian lineages. |
103 |
Pheromones in Animal Communication |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Chemical signals used for communication and mating. |
104 |
Invasive Species Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations of species that invade new territories. |
105 |
Fungal Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of fungi and their ecological roles. |
106 |
Seed Dispersal Mechanisms |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of adaptations for seed spread. |
107 |
Genome Duplication Events |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
The impact of genome duplication on plant evolution. |
108 |
Parasite Manipulation of Hosts |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Influence of parasites on host behavior for transmission. |
109 |
Race and Genetics |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Study of genetic differences across human populations. |
110 |
Microbial Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution and adaptability of microbes. |
111 |
Cultural Transmission of Traits |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How learned behaviors are passed in cultures. |
112 |
Natural Selection in Action |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Examples of natural selection observed in real-time. |
113 |
Climate Adaptation in Species |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary changes to adapt to new climates. |
114 |
Behavioral Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in behavior driven by evolutionary pressures. |
115 |
Hybrid Vigor in Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Enhanced biological qualities in hybrid organisms. |
116 |
Evolution of Digestive Systems |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations in digestive tract structures across species. |
117 |
Aging and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
The evolutionary perspective on the aging process. |
118 |
Bioluminescence in Organisms |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary significance of light production in species. |
119 |
Arctic and Antarctic Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How species have adapted to extreme cold environments. |
120 |
Nutrition and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary impacts of diet on species. |
121 |
Evolution of Teeth in Vertebrates |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in dental structures throughout evolution. |
122 |
Animal Migration Patterns |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary basis for migratory behaviors in species. |
123 |
Polygenic Traits |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Traits influenced by multiple genes and their evolution. |
124 |
Structural Adaptations in Cacti |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary adjustments for survival in arid environments. |
125 |
Evolution of Succulent Plants |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations that allow plants to conserve water. |
126 |
Dinosaur Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary history and diversity of dinosaurs. |
127 |
Primates and Their Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary origins and adaptations of primates. |
128 |
Freshwater Ecosystem Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in freshwater habitats and species. |
129 |
Insect Evolution and Adaptation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How insects evolved diverse forms and functions. |
130 |
Aquatic Mammals Adaptations |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary changes to thrive in water. |
131 |
Evolution of Terrestrial Plants |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Transformation of plants from aquatic to land habitats. |
132 |
Microbiome and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Influence of microbiomes on host evolution. |
133 |
Mollusks and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Diversity and adaptations in mollusks. |
134 |
Evolution of Fish Gills |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations leading to the development of gills in fish. |
135 |
Reptile Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary history and diversity of reptiles. |
136 |
Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction |
Biology |
Various |
66 million years ago |
Mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. |
137 |
Evolution of Human Speech |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary adaptations leading to complex language. |
138 |
Evolution of Agriculture |
Anthropology |
Humans |
Approximately 10,000 years ago |
Development of agriculture and its impact on society. |
139 |
Evolutionary Fisheries Management |
Biology |
Various |
NaN |
Applying evolutionary theory to fisheries management. |
140 |
Evolution of Vision Systems |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Innovations in the eye and vision over time. |
141 |
Genetic Basis of Adaptation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Understanding how genetic variations lead to successful adaptations. |
142 |
Marine Mammal Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary history of marine mammals from land ancestors. |
143 |
Phenotypic Divergence |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Variation in physical traits due to different evolutionary pressures. |
144 |
Genetic Engineering and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
The role of biotechnology in shaping evolutionary processes. |
145 |
Evolution of Parental Care |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Impact of parental strategies on species survival. |
146 |
Extinct Species Insights |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
What extinct species reveal about evolution. |
147 |
Evolutionary Constraints |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Limitations on the direction of evolutionary change. |
148 |
Insect Social Structure Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary changes in social insects. |
149 |
Sexual Selection and Ornamentation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Impact of mate selection on physical traits. |
150 |
Animal Communication Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Diversity of communication methods in the animal kingdom. |
151 |
Molecular Fossils |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Indicators of ancient biological processes. |
152 |
Patterns of Speciation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Common patterns observed in the formation of new species. |
153 |
Evolution of Cooperation |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How cooperative behaviors evolved in species. |
154 |
Organisms' Response to Environmental Change |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Studying how species evolve in changing environments. |
155 |
Insect Resistance to Pesticides |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary responses to chemical controls. |
156 |
Ecosystem Resilience and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How ecosystems adaptively recover through evolutionary processes. |
157 |
Hominin Evolution and Tools |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development of tools and its impact on human evolution. |
158 |
Evolution of Male Female Differences |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Understanding sexual dimorphism in evolutionary terms. |
159 |
Population Genetics and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Studying genetic composition and evolutionary patterns in populations. |
160 |
Reproductive Evolution in Plants |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Changes in reproductive strategies through time. |
161 |
Diversity of Primate Species |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution and diversification of primate lineages. |
162 |
Evolution of Metabolism |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How metabolic processes evolved in living organisms. |
163 |
Evolution of Ecosystems |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Dynamic changes in ecosystems throughout history. |
164 |
Climate Influence on Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Effects of historical climate changes on evolutionary paths. |
165 |
Floral Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations in flowering plants for reproduction. |
166 |
Evolution of Altruism |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How selfless behaviors have evolved in species. |
167 |
Cryptic Coloration in Animals |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptation for camouflage and avoiding predators. |
168 |
Evolutionary Traits of Carnivores |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adapting to the diet of meat-eating species. |
169 |
Evolution of Body Size |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Trends towards increasing or decreasing body sizes. |
170 |
Chemosynthesis and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of energy production in extreme environments. |
171 |
Evolutionary Innovations in Flight |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Examples of successful adaptations for flying. |
172 |
Neural Evolution in Species |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development and complexity of nervous systems in organisms. |
173 |
Color Variations in Animals |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How color changes influence survival and reproduction. |
174 |
Evolution of Plant Defense Mechanisms |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations plants developed to deter herbivory. |
175 |
Paleoecology Studies |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Understanding past ecosystems through fossils. |
176 |
Evolution of Flightless Birds |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations leading to the loss of flight. |
177 |
Evolutionary Roots of Human Behavior |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How evolution has shaped human psychology and behavior. |
178 |
Evolution of Invertebrate Respiratory Systems |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Adaptations for breathing in various invertebrates. |
179 |
Social Behavior Evolution in Primates |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How social systems have evolved among primates. |
180 |
Impact of Invasive Species on Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Effects of non-native species on local ecosystems and evolution. |
181 |
Evolution of Aquatic Photosynthesis |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How photosynthetic organisms evolved in aquatic environments. |
182 |
Echolocation in Bat Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Development of echolocation abilities in bats. |
183 |
Evolution of Mimetic Relationships |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How mimicry influences evolutionary relationships. |
184 |
Diversity of Extremophiles |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution of organisms living in extreme environments. |
185 |
Evolution of Complex Eye Structures |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How eyes have evolved complexity over time. |
186 |
Evolutionary Implications of Migration |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How migration patterns drive evolutionary changes. |
187 |
Climate Adaptation in Agriculture |
Agriculture |
NaN |
NaN |
Crop evolution in response to climate challenges. |
188 |
Genetic Variability in Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Role of genetic variation in species adaptability. |
189 |
Evolution of Defenses in Prey Species |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How prey species develop defenses against predation. |
190 |
Evolutionary History of Birds |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Tracing the evolutionary paths leading to modern birds. |
191 |
Understanding Evolution Through Fossils |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How fossils provide insights into evolutionary processes. |
192 |
Microbial Diversity and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolution and significance of microbial diversity. |
193 |
Evolution of Symbiotic Relationships in Fish |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Interactions between fish and their symbiotic partners. |
194 |
Pollinator Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
How pollinators have evolved alongside flowering plants. |
195 |
Sexual Selection in Birds |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Impact of mating preferences on bird evolution. |
196 |
Evolutionary Bioinformatics |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Use of bioinformatics tools in evolutionary studies. |
197 |
Marine Life and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary history of marine organisms. |
198 |
Plant Responses to Herbivory |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Evolutionary adaptations of plants to avoid being eaten. |
199 |
Embryonic Development and Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Influence of embryology on evolutionary changes. |
200 |
Genetic Polymorphism in Evolution |
Biology |
NaN |
NaN |
Role of genetic diversity in evolutionary processes. |