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Volcanic Rock Types

This dataset contains information about various types of volcanic rocks, including their characteristics, uses, and geographic locations. Each entry provides details on the rock's composition, texture, color, origin, and applications in various fields.

  1. RockType: The name of the volcanic rock type.
  2. Composition: A description of the chemical and mineral composition of the rock.
  3. Texture: The physical texture of the rock indicating its grain size and structure.
  4. Color: The primary color(s) of the rock.
  5. Origin: Indicates whether the rock is extrusive or intrusive in terms of volcanic activity.
  6. Application: Various uses of the rock in construction, industry, and other fields.
  7. GeographicDistribution: The regions or locations where the rock can be found.

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Sample Data

RockType Composition Texture Color Origin Application GeographicDistribution
Basalt Rich in iron and magnesium Fine-grained Dark black Extrusive Construction, aggregate Iceland, Hawaii
Rhyolite High silica content Fine-grained Light color Extrusive Glass production, jewelry Yellowstone, Mount St. Helens
Andesite Intermediate silica content Porphyritic Gray to green Extrusive Construction, decorative rock Andes mountains, Japan
Obsidian Volcanic glass Glassy Black, green, brown Extrusive Cutting tools, jewelry Various locations
Pumice Highly vesicular basalt Vesicular Light gray to cream Extrusive Abrasive, lightweight concrete Mount St. Helens, Lipari Islands
Tuff Ash and volcanic rock fragments Pyroclastic Varied colors Extrusive Building stone, lightweight aggregates Italy, Mexico
Dacite High silica and sodium Porphyritic Light to dark gray Extrusive Construction Cascade Range
Scoria Vesicular basalt Vesicular Reddish to black Extrusive Drainage, filtration New Zealand, Iceland
volcanic breccia Angular fragments of volcanic materials Pyroclastic Various colors Extrusive Construction Various locations
Volcanic ash Fine volcanic fragments Ashy Gray to white Extrusive Soil amendment, construction Various locations
Lapilli Small volcanic fragments Pyroclastic Varied Extrusive Landscaping, construction Various locations
Basaltic andesite Intermediate composition Fine-grained Gray to black Extrusive Construction aggregates Various locations
Trachyte Rich in potassium feldspar Porphyritic Light-colored Extrusive Tiles, dimensional stone Various locations
Vesicular basalt Basalt with vesicles Vesicular Dark gray to black Extrusive Lightweight construction Hawaii, Iceland
Volcanic glass Lava that cools quickly Glassy Dark to green Extrusive Jewelry, tools Various locations
Tephra Fragmented material from volcano Pyroclastic Various Extrusive Soil improvement, landscaping Various locations
Tachylite Dark volcanic glass Glassy Black Extrusive Insulation, ceramics Various locations
Calc-alkaline basalt Basalt with alkaline properties Fine-grained Dark Extrusive Geothermals, construction Ring of Fire
Hypersthene andesite Rich in hypersthene Porphyritic Gray to green Extrusive Construction Various locations
Cinder cone Small volcanic structure Coarse-grained Dark gray to black Extrusive Landforms Various locations
Felsic volcanic rock Rich in lighter elements Fine to coarse Light-colored Extrusive Gemstone alternatives Various locations
Hawaiian basalt Fluid, less viscous Fine-grained Black to reddish Extrusive Paving, aggregate Hawaii
Explosive volcanic rock Fragmented from eruptions Pyroclastic Various colors Extrusive Erosion control Various locations
Perlite Volcanic rock with water Puffed and airy White to gray Extrusive Horticultural use, insulation Various locations
Rhyolitic pumice Rhyolitic lava with bubbles Vesicular Light gray Extrusive Lightweight aggregate, landscaping Various locations
Amorphous volcanic rock Non-crystalline structure Glassy Various colors Extrusive Decorative use Various locations
Calc-alkaline magma Rich in Ca and Al Varied Various Intrusive/Extrusive Mineral resources Subduction zones
Alkaline basalt High in Na and K Fine-grained Dark Extrusive Building materials, aggregate Various locations
Peralkaline rhyolite Rich in alkalis Fine-grained Light color Extrusive Construction, ceramics Various locations
Mafic volcanic rock Low silica content Fine to coarse Dark-colored Extrusive Road base, landscaping Various locations
Ultramafic rock Very low silica content Coarse-grained Darker shades Intrusive/Extrusive Mineral extraction Varies widely
Basaltic lava Basalt that erupts Mafic Black to dark gray Extrusive Paving, aggregate Hawaii, Iceland
Felsic lava High silica lava Viscous Light-colored Extrusive Construction, ceramics Various locations
Rhyolitic lava High in silica Thick, viscous Light cream to pink Extrusive Glass, pottery Various locations
Granitic tuff Tuff with granite fragments Pyroclastic Various colors Extrusive Building material Various locations
Tuffaceous sandstone Sandstone with tuff Sedimentary Tan to brown Extrusive Stonemasonry Various locations
Spilite Altered basalt Fine-grained Dark green or blue Extrusive Construction stone Various locations
Peridotite Ultramafic rock Coarse-grained Green Intrusive Mineral resources Earth's mantle
Phonolite Contains feldspathoids Fine to coarse Light gray to green Extrusive Tile, construction Various locations
Syenite Feldspar-rich Coarse-grained Light-colored Intrusive Construction stones Various locations
Diabase Fine-grained gabbro Fine-grained Dark Intrusive Road base, gravels Various locations
Granodiorite Intermediate between granite and diorite Coarse-grained Light gray to black Intrusive Construction Various locations
Monzonite Equal amounts of quartz and feldspar Coarse-grained Gray Intrusive Stone products Various locations
Pegmatite Large crystal size Coarse-grained Light-colored Intrusive Gemstones, rare minerals Various locations
Granite Feldspar-rich Coarse-grained Light-colored Intrusive Countertops, buildings Various locations
Gabbro Coarse-grained basalt Coarse-grained Dark Intrusive Building stone, aggregates Various locations
Aplite Very fine-grained granite Fine-grained Light-colored Intrusive Decorative stone Various locations
Anorthosite Rich in plagioclase Coarse-grained Light to dark gray Intrusive Crushed rock, countertops Various locations
Eclogite High-pressure metamorphic Coarse-grained Green Intrusive Gemstones Various locations
Scapolite syenite Feldspathoidal syenite Coarse-grained Light to dark gray Intrusive Construction Various locations
Vulkanite Volcanic rock with different compositions Varies Varies Extrusive/Intrusive Decorative stones Various locations
Québec basalts Specific geological region Fine-grained Dark-colored Extrusive Construction, aggregate Canada
Cretaceous volcanic rocks Age-based classification Varies Varies Extrusive Petroleum exploration Various locations
Tertiary igneous rocks Age-based classification Varies Varies Extrusive Mining and resources Various locations
Flysch Sedimentary rock formation Layered Various colors Sedimentary Natural barriers Various locations
Volcanic palagonite Altered volcanic glass Coarse-grained Green to yellow Extrusive Land reclamation Various locations
Strombolian eruption rocks Type of volcanic eruption Coarse- to fine-grained Dark to reddish Extrusive Research and tourism Stromboli Island
Plinian eruption rocks Highly explosive Pyroclastic Various colors Extrusive Catastrophic event studies Mount Vesuvius
Vesicular basaltic tuff Tuff with vesicles Pyroclastic Varied colors Extrusive Landscaping Various locations
Subalkaline basalt Low in alkali Fine-grained Dark Extrusive Construction material Various locations
Acidic volcanic rock High silica content Fine to coarse Light-colored Extrusive Ceramics, pottery Various locations
Composite volcano rocks From stratovolcanoes Varied Varied Extrusive Geological studies Varied locations
Stratovolcano tuff Tuff from stratovolcanoes Pyroclastic Varied Extrusive Engineering Various locations
Primary volcanic rock Formed directly from magma Varied Varied Extrusive Research Various locations
Secondary volcanic rock Altered from primary rocks Varied Varied Extrusive Geological studies Various locations
Minor volcanic rock Lesser-known types Varied Varied Extrusive/Intrusive Research Various locations
Basaltic lava flow Fluid basalt lava Varied Dark Extrusive Landscaping, geological studies Hawaiian Islands
Mid-ocean ridge basalt Basalt from underwater Fine-grained Dark Extrusive Geological research Mid-ocean ridges
Volcanic island arc rock Formed in island arcs Varied Varied Extrusive Tectonic studies Japan, Indonesia
Flood basalt Extensive lava flows Coarse-grained Dark Extrusive Mining, resources Columbia River Plateau
Volcanic sand Sand-size volcanic ash Varied Tan to gray Extrusive Landscaping, construction Various locations
Igneous breccia Breccia from igneous sources Coarse-grained Varied Intrusive/Extrusive Construction Various locations
Porphyritic volcanic rock Contains larger crystals Porphyritic Dark to light Extrusive Decorative stones Various locations
Metamorphic volcanic rock Metamorphosed from volcanic rocks Varied Varied Intrusive/Extrusive Resource extraction Various locations
Volcanic diatreme Pipe-like vent filled with rocks Varied Varied Extrusive Resource mining Various locations
Graptolitic tuff Contains graptolites Pyroclastic Varied Extrusive Geological studies Various locations
Protoliths Parent rock for metamorphic conditions Varied Varied Intrusive/Extrusive Geological research Various locations
Volcanic neck Solidified lava in vents Varied Varied Extrusive Tourism, research Various locations
Tuff ring Circular tuff structure Pyroclastic Varied Extrusive Geological studies Various locations
Volcanic dome Mound-shaped structure from thick lava Varied Varied Extrusive Tourism, geology Various locations
Caldera Large volcanic crater after an eruption Varied Varied Extrusive Tourism, geological research Yellowstone, Pinatubo
Geothermal rock Formed from geothermal activity Varied Varied Extrusive/Intrusive Energy production Iceland, New Zealand
Volcanic plug Solidified lava inside a volcano Varied Varied Extrusive Geological studies Various locations
Hot spot volcanic rock Formed from hot spot volcanism Varied Varied Extrusive Research, energy Hawaii, Yellowstone
Basalt columnar rock Columnar jointing in basalt Varied Dark Extrusive Landscaping, tourism Giant's Causeway
Volcanic pavement Flat lava surface Varied Dark Extrusive Road construction Various locations
Inflated lava Lava that has expanded Vesicular Dark Extrusive Geological studies Various locations
Volcanic fissure Cracks that release lava Varied Varied Extrusive Geological studies Iceland, East African Rift
Plutonic rock Formed deep underground Varied Various colors Intrusive Granite supply Various locations
Volcanic activity deposits Deposits from eruptions Varied Varied Extrusive Land rehabilitation Various locations
Post-volcanic rock After volcanic activity Varied Varied Extrusive/Intrusive Resource study Various locations
Accreted volcanic rock Accreted from surrounding areas Varied Varied Extrusive/Intrusive Geological studies Various locations
Volcanic lava tubes Channels formed from flowing lava Varied Dark Extrusive Tourism, exploration Various locations
Basalt scoria Vesicular basalt with color variations Vesicular Red to black Extrusive Landscaping, drainage Various locations
Volcanic lake deposits Deposits in volcanic lakes Fine-grained Various colors Extrusive Research, tourism Various locations
Volcanic gas deposits Mineral deposits from gases Varied Varied Extrusive Mineral mining Various locations
Thermal mineral deposits Deposits from geothermal activity Varied Varied Intrusive Resource extraction Various locations
Volcanic arc accretion Accretion from volcanic arcs Varied Varied Extrusive Resource mining Various locations
Interglacial volcanic rock Formed during interglacial periods Varied Varied Extrusive Research, sediment studies Various locations
Vent-proximal facies Deposits near a vent Varied Varied Extrusive Volcanic studies Various locations
Post-caldera volcanic rock Rock formed after a caldera collapse Varied Varied Extrusive Geological research Various locations
Formation deposits Layered volcanic eruptions Varied Varied Extrusive Natural resource studies Various locations
Volcanic sedimentary rocks Volcanic material turned sedimentary Varied Varied Sedimentary Landscaping and construction Various locations
Pyroclastic surge deposits Rapidly moving gas and ash Pyroclastic Various colors Extrusive Research, geology Various locations
Volcanic debris flow Flow of volcanic material Coarse-grained Varied Extrusive Landform changes, geology Various locations
Rhyolite lava dome Forms from rhyolitic lava Varied Light-colored Extrusive Geology studies Various locations
Crater lake deposits Deposits in craters Fine to coarse Varied Extrusive Tourism, geology Various locations
Isle of Skye basalts Specific geothermal area Fine to coarse Dark Extrusive Geographic study Scotland
Chalky volcanic ash Ash with high calcareous content Fine-grained White to light gray Extrusive Agricultural use Various locations
Keratophyre Felsic volcanic rock Fine-grained Light to intermediate Extrusive Mineral resources Various locations
Volcanic ceramics Ceramics made from volcanic materials Varied Varied Extrusive Art, construction Various locations
Subduction zone volcanic rock Rock from subduction processes Varied Varied Extrusive Resource study Ring of Fire
Plutonic tuff Tuff from deep sources Coarse to fine Varied Extrusive Geomorphic studies Various locations
Volcanic extrusions Surface expressions of magma Varied Varied Extrusive Geological studies Various locations
Microcrystalline volcanic rock Fine crystals in volcanic rock Fine-grained Varied Extrusive/Intruive Research Various locations
Altered volcanic rock Volcanic rock changed by processes Varied Varied Extrusive/Intrusive Minerals extraction Various locations
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