This dataset contains information on various water quality indicators that are important for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems and potential human health risks. Each row represents a specific indicator, along with its characteristics and implications for health and environmental safety.
| Indicator Name | Type | Description | Unit | Normal Range | Impact on Health | Sources of Pollution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | Chemical | Measure of acidity/alkalinity | pH units | 6.5 - 8.5 | Disruption of aquatic life | Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff |
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) | Physical | Total concentration of dissolved substances | mg/L | 500 - 1000 | Dehydration, kidney stones | Urban runoff, wastewater discharge |
| Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) | Chemical | Amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic matter | mg/L | 0 - 200 | Oxygen depletion in water bodies | Municipal sewage, industrial waste |
| Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) | Chemical | Amount of oxygen required by bacteria to decompose organic matter | mg/L | 0 - 20 | Oxygen depletion, fish kills | Sewage, manure runoff |
| Nitrogen (Nitrate) | Nutrient | Concentration of nitrate ions in water | mg/L | 0 - 10 | Methemoglobinemia, algal blooms | Fertilizers, septic systems |
| Phosphorus (Phosphate) | Nutrient | Concentration of phosphate ions in water | mg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Algal blooms, aquatic dead zones | Fertilizers, detergents |
| Coliform Bacteria | Microbial | Presence of coliform bacteria as an indicator of fecal contamination | CFU/100mL | 0 | Gastrointestinal disease | Sewage, wildlife waste |
| E.coli | Microbial | Presence of E. coli bacteria from fecal matter | CFU/100mL | 0 | Foodborne illness | Sewage, storm runoff |
| Lead | Heavy Metal | Concentration of lead in water | µg/L | 0 - 15 | Neurological effects, developmental delays | Corroded pipes, plumbing fixtures |
| Mercury | Heavy Metal | Concentration of mercury in water | µg/L | 0 - 0.3 | Neurological issues, kidneys | Industrial discharge, mining |
| Arsenic | Heavy Metal | Concentration of arsenic in water | µg/L | 0 - 10 | Cancer, skin lesions | Natural sources, industrial discharge |
| Fluoride | Chemical | Concentration of fluoride in water | mg/L | 0.5 - 1.5 | Dental fluorosis | Water fluoridation, industrial runoff |
| Chlorine | Chemical | Concentration of chlorine used for disinfection | mg/L | 0.2 - 4 | Respiratory issues | Water treatment facilities |
| Amonia (NH3) | Nutrient | Presence of ammonia in water | mg/L | 0 - 0.5 | Toxicity to aquatic life | Agricultural runoff, sewage |
| Total Coliforms | Microbial | Total count of coliform bacteria as water quality indicator | CFU/100mL | 0 | Indicates fecal contamination | Septic systems, animal waste |
| Turbidity | Physical | Clarity of water | NTU | 0 - 5 | Reduced light penetration, photosynthesis | Soil erosion, algal blooms |
| Color | Physical | Color of water due to organic compounds or sediments | Pt-Co units | 0 - 15 | Aesthetic issues, may indicate contamination | Industrial waste, natural runoff |
| Temperature | Physical | Temperature of water | °C | 0 - 30 | Influences oxygen solubility, affects aquatic life | Seasonal changes, thermal pollution |
| Dissolved Oxygen (DO) | Chemical | Concentration of oxygen available to aquatic organisms | mg/L | 5 - 14 | Vital for aquatic life; low levels cause die-off | Organic decomposition, eutrophication |
| Hardness | Chemical | Concentration of calcium and magnesium ions | mg/L CaCO3 | 0 - 300 | Scaling, can affect plumbing | Natural sources, runoff |
| Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) | Chemical | Presence of hydrogen sulfide gas | mg/L | 0 - 0.05 | Toxicity, bad odor | Anaerobic decomposition, industrial discharge |
| Sulfate | Chemical | Concentration of sulfate in water | mg/L | 250 - 500 | Taste, laxative effects | Industrial waste, natural sources |
| Chloride | Chemical | Concentration of chloride in water | mg/L | 250 - 500 | Taste, corrosion | Salt runoff, industrial discharge |
| Conductivity | Physical | Ability of water to conduct electricity | µS/cm | <1500 | High salinity, impacts aquatic life | Urban runoff, leachate |
| Alkalinity | Chemical | Ability of water to resist pH changes | mg/L CaCO3 | 20 - 200 | Buffering capacity, affects aquatic environments | Natural sources, pollution |
| Fecal Coliforms | Microbial | Specific indicator for fecal contamination | CFU/100mL | 0 | Gastrointestinal diseases | Sewage, animal waste |
| Secchi Depth | Physical | Depth at which a Secchi disk is visible | m | 0.5 - 3.0 | Indication of water clarity | Algal blooms, turbidity |
| Total Organic Carbon (TOC) | Chemical | Total concentration of organic compounds in water | mg/L | 0 - 5 | Indicates organic pollution | Sewage, runoff |
| Zooplankton Diversity | Biological | Diversity of zooplankton species in water bodies | Index | Varies by ecosystem | Indicates ecological health | Eutrophication, pollution |
| Phytoplankton Density | Biological | Density of phytoplankton species in water bodies | cells/mL | Varies | Indicates nutrient status | Eutrophication, runoff |
| Macroinvertebrate Diversity | Biological | Diversity of macroinvertebrates in habitats | Index | Varies by ecosystem | Indicates water quality | Sedimentation, pollution |
| Salinity | Physical | Salt concentration in water | ppt | 0 - 35 | Affects osmotic balance in aquatic organisms | Urban runoff, desalination effluents |
| Toxicity (LC50) | Chemical | Concentration of substances that is lethal to 50% of test organisms | mg/L | Depends on species | Ecotoxicity, biodiversity loss | Industrial chemicals, agricultural runoff |
| Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) | Chemical | Concentration of organic chemicals that evaporate easily | µg/L | 0 - 500 | Health risks, taste issues | Industrial solvents, leaks |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Chemical | Chemicals affecting hormonal systems | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Reproductive issues, developmental problems | Agricultural runoff, industrial discharge |
| Microcystin | Chemical | Toxin produced by cyanobacteria in water | µg/L | 0 - 1 | Liver damage, gastrointestinal illnesses | Cyanobacterial blooms, nutrient runoff |
| Arsenic (Inorganic) | Chemical | Presence of inorganic arsenic in water | µg/L | 0 - 10 | Cancer, skin lesions | Mining, agricultural runoff |
| 2,4-D | Chemical | Concentration of herbicide 2,4-D | µg/L | 0 - 70 | Potential health effects, environmental toxicity | Agricultural runoff |
| Glyphosate | Chemical | Concentration of herbicide glyphosate | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Cancer risk, ecological impacts | Agricultural runoff |
| Atrazine | Chemical | Concentration of herbicide atrazine | µg/L | 0 - 3 | Hormonal effects, aquatic life impacts | Agricultural runoff |
| Phenols | Chemical | Presence of phenolic compounds in water | µg/L | 0 - 1 | Health risks, taste issues | Industrial waste, wastewater |
| Petroleum Hydrocarbons | Chemical | Concentration of oil and petroleum products in water | mg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Toxicity to aquatic life | Oil spills, urban runoff |
| Organophosphates | Chemical | Concentration of pesticides | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Health risks, aquatic toxicity | Agricultural runoff |
| Colorimetric Indicators | Chemical | Various colorimetric tests for water quality measurements | Varies | Varies | Depends on the chemical | Varies by source |
| Insecticide Residues | Chemical | Presence of insecticides in water samples | µg/L | 0 - 0.01 | Health risks, toxicity | Agricultural runoff |
| Waterborne Pathogens | Microbial | Presence of pathogens in water affecting health | CFU/100mL | 0 | Infectious diseases | Sewage, untreated water |
| Oil and Grease | Chemical | Presence of oil and grease in water | mg/L | 0 - 5 | Taste and aesthetic issues | Urban runoff, industrial discharge |
| Plastic Particles | Physical | Presence of microplastics in water | particles/L | 0 - 10 | Ecological impacts, ingestion by aquatic life | Plastic pollution |
| Salmonella | Microbial | Presence of Salmonella bacteria | CFU/100mL | 0 | Foodborne illnesses | Sewage, contaminated water |
| Nitrite | Nutrient | Concentration of nitrite ions in water | mg/L | 0 - 1 | Methemoglobinemia | Fertilizers, industrial processes |
| Strontium | Heavy Metal | Concentration of strontium in water | mg/L | 0 - 4 | Bone health, toxic effects | Natural sources, industrial discharge |
| Cadmium | Heavy Metal | Concentration of cadmium in water | µg/L | 0 - 5 | Kidney damage, bone fragility | Mining, industrial effluents |
| Internal Corrosion Rates | Chemical | Rate of corrosion in pipes/structures | mm/year | 0 | System integrity, safety | pH levels, water chemistry |
| Selenium | Heavy Metal | Concentration of selenium in water | µg/L | 0 - 50 | Toxicity, reproductive issues | Natural sources, mining |
| Tritium | Radiological | Presence of radioactive hydrogen isotope | Bq/L | 0 - 0.1 | Cancer risk | Nuclear waste, natural sources |
| Uranium | Radiological | Concentration of uranium in water | µg/L | 0 - 30 | Kidney toxicity, cancer risk | Mining, natural sources |
| Radon | Radiological | Radon concentration in water | pCi/L | <300 | Lung cancer risk | Natural decay of uranium |
| Methane | Chemical | Presence of methane in water | mg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Contributes to climate change | Anaerobic decomposition |
| Iron | Chemical | Concentration of iron in water | mg/L | 0 - 0.3 | Taste issues, staining | Natural sources, mining |
| Zinc | Heavy Metal | Concentration of zinc in water | mg/L | 0 - 5 | Taste issues, skin irritation | Natural sources, industrial discharge |
| Chromium | Heavy Metal | Concentration of chromium in water | µg/L | 0 - 50 | Carcinogenic effects, allergic reactions | Industrial discharge, leaching |
| Brominated Compounds | Chemical | Presence of brominated organic compounds | µg/L | 0 - 0.5 | Health risks | Water treatment byproducts |
| Napthalene | Chemical | Presence of naphthalene in water | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Health risks, taste issues | Industrial discharges, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| Talcum Powder | Chemical | Detection of talcum powder in water | mg/L | 0 - 1 | Health effects, contamination indicator | Industrial runoff |
| Conductivity (specific) | Physical | Specific conductivity measuring ionic presence | µS/cm | Varies | Water quality indication | Salinity, mineral content |
| TSS (Total Suspended Solids) | Physical | Total amount of suspended solids in water | mg/L | 0 - 30 | Ecological impacts, water clarity | Erosion, runoff |
| Pesticide Residues | Chemical | Presence of pesticide residues in water samples | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Health risks, aquatic toxicity | Agricultural runoff |
| Herbicide Residues | Chemical | Presence of herbicide residues | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Health risks, ecological effects | Agricultural runoff |
| Antimony | Heavy Metal | Concentration of antimony in water | µg/L | 0 - 6 | Health risks, toxic effects | Industrial discharge |
| Barium | Heavy Metal | Concentration of barium in water | µg/L | 0 - 1000 | Hypertension, toxic effects | Natural sources, industrial discharge |
| Softness | Chemical | Presence of soft water characteristics | mg/L CaCO3 | 0 - 150 | Corrosive potential | Natural sources |
| Lactic Acid Bacteria | Microbial | Presence of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in water | CFU/mL | Varies | Indicates positive ecological health | Natural processes |
| Enterococci | Microbial | Presence of Enterococci bacteria in water | CFU/100mL | 0 | Indicates fecal contamination | Sewage, animal waste |
| Heavy Metals (Total) | Heavy Metal | Total concentration of heavy metals in water | µg/L | Varies | Health risks, environmental toxicity | Industrial discharge, sewage |
| Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) | Chemical | Presence of VFAs in water | mg/L | 0 - 100 | Indicates anaerobic activity | Organic matter decomposition |
| Non-Methane Hydrocarbons | Chemical | Presence of non-methane hydrocarbons in water | µg/L | 0 - 10 | Health risks, environmental concerns | Urban runoff, industrial processes |
| Organic Phosphate Compounds | Chemical | Concentration of organic phosphates in water | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Eutrophication risk | Agricultural runoff |
| Hydrocarbon Degradation Products | Chemical | Products from the breakdown of hydrocarbons | mg/L | 0 - 1 | Indicate pollution level | Oil spills, industrial processes |
| Chromium (VI) | Heavy Metal | Concentration of hexavalent chromium in water | µg/L | 0 - 10 | Cancer, skin effects | Industrial discharge, corrosion |
| Potassium | Nutrient | Concentration of potassium in water | mg/L | 0 - 10 | Essential for aquatic plants | Natural sources, fertilizers |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Chemical | Presence of carbon dioxide in water | mg/L | 0 - 50 | Acidification risks | Aquatic respiration, organic decomposition |
| Acetone | Chemical | Presence of acetone in water | µg/L | 0 - 100 | Health risks, taste issues | Industrial discharge, solvents |
| Trace Elements | Heavy Metal | Concentration of various trace elements in water | µg/L | Varies | Health risks, environmental contamination | Industrial processes, natural sources |
| Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) | Chemical | Measurement of water's ability to oxidize or reduce substances | mV | Varies | Indicates chemical activity | Organic matter, pollutants |
| Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) | Chemical | Presence of PAHs in water | µg/L | 0 - 0.1 | Carcinogenic effects | Oil spills, urban runoff |
| Cyanide | Chemical | Presence of cyanide in water | µg/L | 0 - 0.2 | Toxicity, health risks | Industrial discharge, mining |
| Detergents | Chemical | Concentration of detergents in water | mg/L | 0 - 0.5 | Health risks, ecological effects | Urban runoff, wastewater |
| Thermal Pollution | Physical | Effect of heated water on aquatic environments | °C | Varies | Thermal stress on organisms | Industrial processes, power plants |
| Surface Tension | Physical | Measure of liquid's surface tension | mN/m | Varies | Indicates surfactants presence | Pollution, organic compounds |
| Biotic Indices | Biological | Indicator based on living organisms in a habitat | Index | Varies | Indicates environmental quality | Pollution, habitat health |
| Ammonification Rate | Chemical | Rate at which organic nitrogen is converted to ammonia | mg/L/day | Varies | Indicates decomposition rate | Organic matter processes |
| Seasonal Variation Index | Biological | Measure of seasonal changes in ecology | Index | Varies | Indicates environmental stability | Climate factors |
| UV Absorbance | Chemical | Absorbance at UV wavelengths as an indicator of organic content | cm-1 | 0 - 0.1 | Indicates organic pollution | Wastewater, natural sources |
| Eutrophication Index | Chemical | Measure of nutrient enrichment and algal growth potential | Index | 0 - 1 | Indicates risk of eutrophication | Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs |
| Water Quality Index (WQI) | Composite | Composite score based on multiple indicators | Index | 0 - 100 | Indicates overall water quality | Aggregated parameters |
| Sediment Quality Triad | Composite | Assessment based on sediment, chemistry and biology | Index | Varies | Indicates sediment quality | Sediment analysis |
| Bioassessment Metrics | Biological | Metric based on organism assessments | Index | Varies | Indicates ecological health | Sampling protocols |
| Water Smell | Physical | Odor characteristics of water | Type | Varies | Indicates pollution or natural conditions | Sewage, organic decomposition |
| Surface Water Temperature | Physical | Measuring temperature at water surface | °C | 0 - 30 | Affects aquatic life | Seasonal changes, climate |
| Subsurface Temperature | Physical | Measuring temperature below water surface | °C | 0 - 30 | Affects habitat suitability | Seasonal variations |
| Bottom Sediment Quality | Physical | Quality assessment of bottom sediments | Index | Varies | Indicates pollution levels | Depositional environment |
| Water Color Change | Physical | Visible changes in water color | Pt-Co units | Varies | Aesthetic and pollution indicators | Algal impacts, organic matter |
| Ecological Footprint (Water) | Composite | Measurement of water use impact on environment | L | Varies | Indicates sustainability | Consumption patterns |
| Phytoplankton Diversity Index | Biological | Index measuring diversity of phytoplankton | Varies | Varies | Indicates nutrient levels | Eutrophication risk |
| Chemicals of Emerging Concern | Chemical | Presence of emerging contaminants | µg/L | 0 - 1 | Health and environmental risks | Pollutants entering waterways |
| Fish Community Composition | Biological | Assessment of fish species in an area | Index | Varies | Indicates habitat quality | Fishing pressure, pollution |
| Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) | Chemical | Water's biochemical activity measure over 5 days | mg/L | 0 - 20 | Oxygen consumption, waste presence | Sewage, runoffs |
| Manganese | Heavy Metal | Concentration of manganese in water | µg/L | 0 - 50 | Neurological issues, taste | Natural sources, mining |
| Trihalomethanes (THMs) | Chemical | Presence of disinfection byproducts | µg/L | 0 - 80 | Cancer risk, liver damage | Water chlorination processes |
| Water Supply Sustainability Index | Composite | Measurement of sustainability of water sources | Index | Varies | Indicates long-term viability | Water management practices |
| Irrigation Return Flow Quality | Chemical | Quality assessment of irrigation return flows | Varies | Varies | Health of receiving waters | Agricultural practices |
| Carbonate Hardness | Chemical | Presence of carbonate minerals contributing to hardness | mg/L CaCO3 | 0 - 300 | Water quality parameters | Natural geology |
| Trace Organic Contaminants | Chemical | Presence of organic pollutants | µg/L | 0 - 1 | Environmental and health risks | Industrial and agricultural runoff |
| Micromollusks Presence | Biological | Presence of micromollusks as bioindicators | Count | Varies | Indicates habitat health | Ecosystem health assessments |
| Metals Mobility Index | Chemical | Measure of heavy metal mobility in water | Index | Varies | Indicates toxicity risk | Soil and sediment interaction |
| Terrestrial Runoff Impact Score | Composite | Assessment of runoff impact on water body | Index | Varies | Indicates pollutant delivery | Land use practices |
| Gaseous Emissions (from water) | Chemical | Emissions of gases from water bodies | Varies | Varies | Indicates biological and chemical processes | Decomposition rates |