[
    {
        "Period Name": "Upper Paleolithic",
        "Chronological Range": "50,000 - 10,000 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Artistic expression, advanced tool use, emergence of Homo sapiens."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Mesolithic",
        "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 5,000 BCE",
        "Region": "Europe and Near East",
        "Key Features": "Transitional period, semi-nomadic lifestyles, increase in microliths."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neolithic",
        "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 4,500 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Agriculture, permanent settlements, pottery, weaving."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Bronze Age",
        "Chronological Range": "3300 - 1200 BCE",
        "Region": "Near East, Europe, South Asia",
        "Key Features": "Use of bronze, the rise of cities, trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Iron Age",
        "Chronological Range": "1200 - 600 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Iron metallurgy, the emergence of empires, complex societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Classical Antiquity",
        "Chronological Range": "8th Century BCE - 5th Century CE",
        "Region": "Mediterranean",
        "Key Features": "Formation of empires, development of philosophy, written records."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Middle Ages",
        "Chronological Range": "5th - 15th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe and parts of Asia",
        "Key Features": "Feudalism, church dominance, the rise of kingdoms."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Renaissance",
        "Chronological Range": "14th - 17th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Revival of classical learning, art, humanism, scientific advancements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Industrial Revolution",
        "Chronological Range": "18th - 19th Century CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Mass production, urbanization, technological innovation."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric",
        "Chronological Range": "Before written records",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Development of stone tools, early human behaviors."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chalcolithic",
        "Chronological Range": "4500 - 3500 BCE",
        "Region": "Middle East and parts of Europe",
        "Key Features": "Copper use, early forms of metallurgy, emergence of social hierarchies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early Bronze Age",
        "Chronological Range": "3300 - 2100 BCE",
        "Region": "North Africa and Eurasia",
        "Key Features": "First urban centers, trade routes, religious structures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Late Bronze Age",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1200 BCE",
        "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean",
        "Key Features": "Cultural exchanges through trade, collapse of regional powers."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early Iron Age",
        "Chronological Range": "1200 - 800 BCE",
        "Region": "Mediterranean and Near East",
        "Key Features": "Iron tools, rise of early states."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "High Middle Ages",
        "Chronological Range": "11th - 13th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Increased trade, study of classical antiquity, gothic architecture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Late Middle Ages",
        "Chronological Range": "14th - 16th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Black Death, emergence of modern nation-states, printing press."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Pre-Columbian",
        "Chronological Range": "3000 BCE - 1492 CE",
        "Region": "Americas",
        "Key Features": "Diverse cultures, monumental architecture, complex societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Indus Valley Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "3300 - 1300 BCE",
        "Region": "South Asia",
        "Key Features": "Urban planning, social organization, early writing."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chinese Neolithic",
        "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 2000 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Rice cultivation, village settlements, early pottery."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Roman Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "27 BCE - 476 CE",
        "Region": "Mediterranean and parts of Europe",
        "Key Features": "Road networks, law and governance systems, architectural innovation."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Byzantine Period",
        "Chronological Range": "330 - 1453 CE",
        "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean",
        "Key Features": "Continuation of Roman culture, Orthodox Christianity, arts."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Islamic Golden Age",
        "Chronological Range": "8th - 14th Century CE",
        "Region": "Middle East and parts of Europe",
        "Key Features": "Advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Age of Discovery",
        "Chronological Range": "15th - 17th Century CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "European exploration, colonization, globalization."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "American Revolution",
        "Chronological Range": "1765 - 1783 CE",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Key Features": "Colonial independence, formation of constitutional governance."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Victorian Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1837 - 1901 CE",
        "Region": "United Kingdom",
        "Key Features": "Industrial progress, empire expansion, cultural shifts."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Postmodern Era",
        "Chronological Range": "Late 20th Century - Present",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Rejection of modernist norms, cultural pluralism, global communication."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neolithic Revolution",
        "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 2000 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Stone Age",
        "Chronological Range": "2.6 million years ago - 3000 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Use of stone tools, basic social structures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Hellenistic Period",
        "Chronological Range": "323 - 30 BCE",
        "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean",
        "Key Features": "Spread of Greek culture, art, and philosophy after Alexander."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric America",
        "Chronological Range": "10,000 BCE - 1492 CE",
        "Region": "Americas",
        "Key Features": "Early hunter-gatherers, development of agriculture and complex societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Old Kingdom Egypt",
        "Chronological Range": "2686 - 2181 BCE",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Key Features": "Pyramid construction, centralized state, Egyptian art."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "New Kingdom Egypt",
        "Chronological Range": "1550 - 1070 BCE",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Key Features": "Expansion, wealth, monumental architecture, pharaohs."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Aksumite Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "100 - 940 CE",
        "Region": "Northeast Africa",
        "Key Features": "Trade empire, early Christianity, stelae construction."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Carolingian Renaissance",
        "Chronological Range": "8th - 9th Century CE",
        "Region": "Western Europe",
        "Key Features": "Cultural revival under Charlemagne, preservation of knowledge."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Renaissance in Italy",
        "Chronological Range": "14th Century - 16th Century CE",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Key Features": "Artistic and intellectual revival, notable artists, humanism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "African Iron Age",
        "Chronological Range": "600 BCE - 1000 CE",
        "Region": "Sub-Saharan Africa",
        "Key Features": "Iron technology, development of complex societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Baroque Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1750 CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Dramatic art, architectural grandeur, scientific advancements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Enlightenment",
        "Chronological Range": "17th - 19th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe and Americas",
        "Key Features": "Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individualism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Postcolonial Period",
        "Chronological Range": "20th Century - Present",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Decolonization, cultural identity movements, global interconnectedness."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Ancient China",
        "Chronological Range": "2100 BCE - 221 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Dynastic rule, philosophical developments, technological innovations."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Viking Age",
        "Chronological Range": "793 - 1066 CE",
        "Region": "Scandinavia and parts of Europe",
        "Key Features": "Norse exploration, trade, and raiding."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Mesoamerican Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1500 BCE - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "Central America",
        "Key Features": "Development of complex societies like the Maya and Aztec."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Middle Kingdom Egypt",
        "Chronological Range": "2055 - 1650 BCE",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Key Features": "Consolidation of power, cultural flourishing, literature."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sumerian Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "4500 - 1900 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Development of cuneiform, city-states, ziggurats."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Iron Age Europe",
        "Chronological Range": "800 - 1 BCE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Rise of Celtic tribes, trade networks, early settlements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Roman Republic",
        "Chronological Range": "509 - 27 BCE",
        "Region": "Mediterranean",
        "Key Features": "Political system development, conflicts, expansion."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sioux Period",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1800 CE",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Key Features": "Complex tribal societies, resistance against colonization."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Ancient Greece",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 300 BCE",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Key Features": "Foundation of democracy, philosophy, Greek art."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Celtic Period",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 600 BCE - 43 CE",
        "Region": "Western Europe",
        "Key Features": "Celtic tribes, intricate art, trade routes."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Indigenous Australian Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "Before 1788",
        "Region": "Australia",
        "Key Features": "Hunter-gatherer societies, Dreamtime stories, land management."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Babylonian Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "1894 - 539 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Legal codes, mathematics, astronomy."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Lapita Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "Oceania",
        "Key Features": "Maritime trade, pottery, early Polynesian settlements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early Modern Period",
        "Chronological Range": "1500 - 1800 CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Transition from medieval to modern, exploration, scientific revolution."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Qing Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "1644 - 1912 CE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Final imperial dynasty, cultural and scientific advancements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Arab Caliphate",
        "Chronological Range": "7th - 13th Century CE",
        "Region": "Middle East and North Africa",
        "Key Features": "Islamic expansion, cultural synthesis, science."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Saxony Period",
        "Chronological Range": "5th - 8th Century CE",
        "Region": "Germany",
        "Key Features": "Migration period, early medieval kingdoms."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Shang Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1046 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Early Chinese writing and bronze age culture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Tang Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "618 - 907 CE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Cultural flourishing, expansion, trade via Silk Road."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Gupta Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 240 - 550 CE",
        "Region": "India",
        "Key Features": "Golden Age of India, advancements in mathematics and science."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Caribbean Arawak Taino",
        "Chronological Range": "Pre-1492",
        "Region": "Caribbean Islands",
        "Key Features": "Agricultural societies, complex social hierarchies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Hittite Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1178 BCE",
        "Region": "Anatolia",
        "Key Features": "Advancements in law, warfare, and diplomacy."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Ottoman Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "1299 - 1922 CE",
        "Region": "Southeast Europe, Western Asia, North Africa",
        "Key Features": "Cultural melting pot, trade routes, art."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Ancestral Puebloans",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 1300 CE",
        "Region": "Southwest USA",
        "Key Features": "Cliff dwellings, complex societies, agricultural practices."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chavin Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "900 - 200 BCE",
        "Region": "Peru",
        "Key Features": "Religious center, monumental architecture, art."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Feudal Japan",
        "Chronological Range": "1185 - 1603 CE",
        "Region": "Japan",
        "Key Features": "Samurai culture, shogunates, isolationist policies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sassanian Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "224 - 651 CE",
        "Region": "Persia",
        "Key Features": "Cultural revival, architecture, Zoroastrianism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Vedic Period",
        "Chronological Range": "1500 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "India",
        "Key Features": "Formation of Hinduism, early Indian society, philosophical texts."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Minoan Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "2600 - 1400 BCE",
        "Region": "Crete",
        "Key Features": "Palatial centers, art, early writing systems."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early Medieval Period",
        "Chronological Range": "5th - 10th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Fall of the Western Roman Empire, development of feudal systems."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Vikings in North America",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 CE",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Key Features": "Norse exploration, trading posts, settlements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sumerian Period",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 4500 - 1900 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "City-states, development of writing (cuneiform)."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Mississippian Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 1600 CE",
        "Region": "Southeast USA",
        "Key Features": "Mound-building, complex societies, agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric Japan",
        "Chronological Range": "30,000 BCE - 300 CE",
        "Region": "Japan",
        "Key Features": "Jomon and Yayoi cultures, pottery, early agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Polynesian Expansion",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 1300 CE",
        "Region": "Oceania",
        "Key Features": "Maritime navigation, settlement of islands."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Olmec Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "1400 - 400 BCE",
        "Region": "Mexico",
        "Key Features": "Colossal heads, early writing and trade."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Qin Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "221 - 206 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Unification of China, Great Wall construction, legalism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Zhou Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "1046 - 256 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Development of Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Roman Britain",
        "Chronological Range": "43 - 410 CE",
        "Region": "Britain",
        "Key Features": "Integration of Roman culture, urban centers, Hadrian's Wall."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Golden Age of Islam",
        "Chronological Range": "8th - 14th Century CE",
        "Region": "Middle East and North Africa",
        "Key Features": "Cultural and intellectual advancements, trade flourishing."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "The Reformation",
        "Chronological Range": "16th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Religious reformation, emergence of Protestantism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neolithic Europe",
        "Chronological Range": "6000 - 2000 BCE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Agricultural practices, megalithic structures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early South American Civilizations",
        "Chronological Range": "1500 BCE - 500 CE",
        "Region": "Andes Region",
        "Key Features": "Complex social structures, religious beliefs, agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Western Han Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "206 BCE - 9 CE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Expansion of territory, trade on Silk Road."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Late Bronze Age Greece",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1100 BCE",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Key Features": "Mycenaean civilization, palace culture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric Siberia",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 30,000 BCE - 500 CE",
        "Region": "Siberia",
        "Key Features": "Hunting-gathering societies, nomadic lifestyles."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chola Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 300 BCE - 1279 CE",
        "Region": "South India",
        "Key Features": "Advancements in arts, architecture, maritime trade."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Age of Empires",
        "Chronological Range": "15th - 20th Century CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "European colonialism, the establishment of trade empires."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Shang Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1046 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Bronze Age culture, ancestor worship, early writing."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric Oceania",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 BCE - 1200 CE",
        "Region": "Oceania",
        "Key Features": "Migration, development of agricultural societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Emergence of City-States",
        "Chronological Range": "3rd Millennium BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Urbanization, governance systems, trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Teotihuacan",
        "Chronological Range": "100 BCE - 750 CE",
        "Region": "Central Mexico",
        "Key Features": "Urban center, pyramids, cultural exchange."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "911 - 609 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Military achievements, library of Ashurbanipal."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Khmer Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "802 - 1431 CE",
        "Region": "Southeast Asia",
        "Key Features": "Construction of Angkor Wat, advanced hydraulic engineering."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chimu Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 900 - 1470 CE",
        "Region": "Peru",
        "Key Features": "Complex societies, metalwork, and agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Indigenous Californian Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "Pre-Contact",
        "Region": "California",
        "Key Features": "Diverse groups, complex societal structures, resource management."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Tekri Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1500 BCE",
        "Region": "Western India",
        "Key Features": "Early urbanization, settlements, metallurgy."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Attachment Age,\"6th - 2nd Century CE",
        "Chronological Range": "Central Asia",
        "Region": "Development of trade routes, nomadic societies.",
        "Key Features": NaN
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Pushkin Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1920 - 1940 CE",
        "Region": "Russia",
        "Key Features": "Cultural renaissance, literature."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Great Zimbabwe",
        "Chronological Range": "1100 - 1450 CE",
        "Region": "Southern Africa",
        "Key Features": "Monumental stone ruins, trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Greenland Norse Settlements",
        "Chronological Range": "10th - 15th Century CE",
        "Region": "Greenland",
        "Key Features": "Viking exploration, adaptations to Arctic environments."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Great Basin Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric - Present",
        "Region": "Western USA",
        "Key Features": "Hunter-gatherer societies, diverse adaptations."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Terracotta Army",
        "Chronological Range": "210 BCE - 210 CE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Burial art from the Qin dynasty, large-scale crafting."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "European Neolithic",
        "Chronological Range": "Neolithic period",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Distribution of farming, monumental architecture like Stonehenge."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Missouri Hopewell Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "200 BCE - 500 CE",
        "Region": "Midwestern USA",
        "Key Features": "Mound building, extensive trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Pictish Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "300 - 900 CE",
        "Region": "Scotland",
        "Key Features": "Symbol stones, complex society, interaction with Romans."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Bronze Age Scandinavia",
        "Chronological Range": "1800 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Key Features": "Elder burial mounds, metalwork."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Edwardian Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1901 - 1910 CE",
        "Region": "United Kingdom",
        "Key Features": "Cultural shifts, societal changes, early modernity."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Bantu Migrations",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 BCE - 500 CE",
        "Region": "Sub-Saharan Africa",
        "Key Features": "Spread of agriculture, language spread."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Carolingian Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "800 - 888 CE",
        "Region": "Western Europe",
        "Key Features": "Cultural revival, unification under Charlemagne."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Mesopotamian Societies",
        "Chronological Range": "3500 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Invention of writing, monumental architecture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Maori Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1300 - Present",
        "Region": "New Zealand",
        "Key Features": "Indigenous peoples, rich oral traditions, resource management."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Amerindian Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "Pre-Columbian Era",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Key Features": "Cultural diversity, complex societies, early settlements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Transitional Period",
        "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 8,000 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric Norway",
        "Chronological Range": "12,000 BCE - 800 CE",
        "Region": "Norway",
        "Key Features": "Cave paintings, early settlements, hunter-gatherer societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Old Norse Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 1300 CE",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Key Features": "Viking explorations, rich storytelling tradition."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Great Wall of China",
        "Chronological Range": "7th Century BCE - 16th Century CE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Military fortifications, defense architecture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Harappan Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "2600 - 1900 BCE",
        "Region": "Indus Valley",
        "Key Features": "Urban planning, advanced drainage systems, trade."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chichen Itza",
        "Chronological Range": "600 - 1200 CE",
        "Region": "Mexico",
        "Key Features": "Mayan city, cultural center, astronomical observations."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Phoenician Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 1200 - 539 BCE",
        "Region": "Mediterranean",
        "Key Features": "Sea trade, alphabet development, city-states."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Bactrian Period",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 3rd Century BCE - 4th Century CE",
        "Region": "Central Asia",
        "Key Features": "Cultural syncretism, trade routes like the Silk Road."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Qing Dynasty",
        "Chronological Range": "1644 - 1912 CE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Last imperial dynasty, societal changes, opium wars."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Norwegian Independence",
        "Chronological Range": "1814",
        "Region": "Norway",
        "Key Features": "Emergence of national identity, constitutional governance."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Saddle & Breach Period",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1910 - Present",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Global conflicts, social changes."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Back to the Stone Age",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Reversions to primitive living due to climate or conflict."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Thracian Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "600 BCE - 300 CE",
        "Region": "Southeast Europe",
        "Key Features": "Rich burial customs, unique artifacts."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Vedic to Mauryan Transition",
        "Chronological Range": "500 BCE to 300 CE",
        "Region": "India",
        "Key Features": "Philosophical evolution, early state formation."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "North American Colonization",
        "Chronological Range": "16th - 18th Century CE",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Key Features": "Interactions between Europeans and Indigenous peoples."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neo-liberal Era",
        "Chronological Range": "Late 20th Century - Present",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Economic globalization, technological advancements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early Egyptian Dynasties",
        "Chronological Range": "3100 - 2686 BCE",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Key Features": "Formation of the state, pyramids construction."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Minoan to Mycenaean Transition",
        "Chronological Range": "2000 - 1200 BCE",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Key Features": "Decline of Minoan civilization, rise of Mycenaean."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Romanesque Period",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 - 1150 CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Architecture, art, and growth of church influence."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Harappan to Vedic Transition",
        "Chronological Range": "1900 - 1500 BCE",
        "Region": "Indus Valley to North India",
        "Key Features": "Cultural assimilation, new socio-political structures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Gothic Era",
        "Chronological Range": "12th - 16th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Architectural styles, cathedral constructions, religious fervor."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Fjord Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era",
        "Region": "Scandinavia",
        "Key Features": "Maritime adaptations, subsistence lifestyles."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Mongol Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "1206 - 1368 CE",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Key Features": "Largest contiguous empire, cultural exchanges, trade."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Aegean Bronze Age",
        "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1100 BCE",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Key Features": "Cultural florescence, early writing, major trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Age of Enlightenment",
        "Chronological Range": "17th - 19th Century CE",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Emphasis on reason, scientific advancement, philosophical discourse."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Early Republic Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1776 - 1815 CE",
        "Region": "USA",
        "Key Features": "Founding of the nation, development of democratic principles."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Santa Cruz Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era",
        "Region": "California",
        "Key Features": "Developed understanding of local ecology and sustainable practices."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Yamato Period",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 300 - 710 CE",
        "Region": "Japan",
        "Key Features": "Formation of the Japanese state, cultural developments."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Aztec Empire",
        "Chronological Range": "1428 - 1521 CE",
        "Region": "Mexico",
        "Key Features": "Advancements in mathematics, architecture, comprehensive social structure."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sutton Hoo",
        "Chronological Range": "7th Century CE",
        "Region": "England",
        "Key Features": "Anglo-Saxon burial, rich grave goods, historical significance."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neolithic British Isles",
        "Chronological Range": "4000 - 2000 BCE",
        "Region": "British Isles",
        "Key Features": "Construction of megaliths, farming."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Salvadoran Civilizations",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 BCE - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "El Salvador",
        "Key Features": "Development of complex societies, pottery, agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Vietnamese Prehistory",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 BCE",
        "Region": "Vietnam",
        "Key Features": "Development of agriculture, bronze working."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Beringian Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "20,000 - 10,000 BCE",
        "Region": "Siberia and North America",
        "Key Features": "Early human migration into the Americas through Beringia."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Trans-Saharan Trade",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 8th Century - Present",
        "Region": "North Africa",
        "Key Features": "Exchange of goods across the Sahara, cultural exchanges."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Balkan Bronze Age",
        "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1000 BCE",
        "Region": "Balkans",
        "Key Features": "Ceramic development, regional trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Angkor Period",
        "Chronological Range": "802 - 1431 CE",
        "Region": "Cambodia",
        "Key Features": "Advanced irrigation, monumental architecture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Zaragoza Strip",
        "Chronological Range": "1800 - 1900 CE",
        "Region": "Spain",
        "Key Features": "Urban and economic development, modern advancements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Unified India",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 350 - 500 CE",
        "Region": "India",
        "Key Features": "Cultural consolidation, spread of Buddhism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Polar Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 BCE - Present",
        "Region": "Arctic",
        "Key Features": "Adaptations to extreme environments, hunting-gathering societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Earliest Humans",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 2.5 million years ago - 10,000 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Homo habilis to Homo sapiens emergence, basic tool use."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Harappan Period",
        "Chronological Range": "3300 - 1300 BCE",
        "Region": "Indus Valley",
        "Key Features": "Urban civilization marked by advanced engineering."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Pre-Contact Hawaiians",
        "Chronological Range": "300 CE - 1778 CE",
        "Region": "Hawaii",
        "Key Features": "Complex society, agricultural practices, voyaging traditions."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Missouri Mound Builders",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 200 CE",
        "Region": "Midwestern USA",
        "Key Features": "Mound construction, trade networks, agricultural societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Chaco Canyon",
        "Chronological Range": "900 - 1150 CE",
        "Region": "Southwest USA",
        "Key Features": "Cultural center for Pueblo culture, large dwellings."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Globular Amphora Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "ca. 4100 - 2900 BCE",
        "Region": "Central Europe",
        "Key Features": "Neolithic burial traditions, pottery styles."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Benin Kingdom",
        "Chronological Range": "1180 - 1897 CE",
        "Region": "West Africa",
        "Key Features": "Political organization, cultural richness, art."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Burial Mounds of Ohio",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 500 CE",
        "Region": "Ohio",
        "Key Features": "Monumental earthworks related to ancient Native American societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Archaic Greece",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "Greece",
        "Key Features": "Foundation of city-states, emergence of democracy."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Peoples of the Andes",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric - Present",
        "Region": "Andes Region",
        "Key Features": "Rich cultural heritage, terracing agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neolithic Island Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "4000 BCE - 2000 BCE",
        "Region": "Island Regions",
        "Key Features": "Development of unique languages and cultures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sumer to Babylon Transition",
        "Chronological Range": "2000 - 1500 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Rise of Babylon, cultural exchanges."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Waikato Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era",
        "Region": "New Zealand",
        "Key Features": "Early M\u0101ori customs, farming practices."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Warring States Period",
        "Chronological Range": "475 - 221 BCE",
        "Region": "China",
        "Key Features": "Political fragmentation, philosophical developments."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric Baltic Region",
        "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1200 BCE",
        "Region": "Baltic Sea Region",
        "Key Features": "Non-agricultural societies, cultural artifacts."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Iron Age in Africa",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 500 BCE - 200 CE",
        "Region": "Africa",
        "Key Features": "Introduction of iron technology, social changes."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Rustic Era",
        "Chronological Range": "Late 18th Century - Early 19th Century",
        "Region": "Europe",
        "Key Features": "Emergence of rural cultures, simple living."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Tribal America",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 300 BCE - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "North America",
        "Key Features": "Tribal governance, diverse cultures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Steppes Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "ca. 2000 BCE - Present",
        "Region": "Eurasian Steppe",
        "Key Features": "Nomadic lifestyle, pastoralism, cultural exchanges."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Civilization of Peru",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 1200 - 1400 CE",
        "Region": "Peru",
        "Key Features": "Cultural exchange networks, monumental constructions."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Prehistoric Brittany",
        "Chronological Range": "Neolithic - Early Iron Age",
        "Region": "Brittany, France",
        "Key Features": "Megalithic constructions, burial traditions."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Transitional Egyptian Period",
        "Chronological Range": "1050 - 332 BCE",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Key Features": "Decline of pharaonic power, invasions."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Norse in Ireland",
        "Chronological Range": "c. 795 - 1169 CE",
        "Region": "Ireland",
        "Key Features": "Viking invasions, settlements, cultural exchange."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Neolithic Architectural Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "4000 - 2000 BCE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Development of ceremonial architecture, settlements."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Titular Kingdoms of the Maya",
        "Chronological Range": "Pre-Columbian Era",
        "Region": "Mesoamerica",
        "Key Features": "Political power structures, cultural richness."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Bosnian Pyramids",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era",
        "Region": "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
        "Key Features": "Construction of ancient pyramids, controversies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Caddo Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "600 - 1800 CE",
        "Region": "Southern USA",
        "Key Features": "Trade networks, mound-building societies."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "New World Civilizations",
        "Chronological Range": "1492 - 1600 CE",
        "Region": "Americas",
        "Key Features": "Diverse indigenous cultures, early colonialism."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Post Classic Mesoamerican Civilizations",
        "Chronological Range": "900 - 1521 CE",
        "Region": "Central Mexico",
        "Key Features": "Cultural exchanges, urban centers post-Mayans."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Seafaring Cultures of the North",
        "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "Northern Europe",
        "Key Features": "Maritime trade, settlements, exploration."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Stone Circles of the British Isles",
        "Chronological Range": "2900 BCE - 1500 BCE",
        "Region": "British Isles",
        "Key Features": "Constructed for ritualistic purposes, astronomical alignments."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Latvian Bronze Age",
        "Chronological Range": "1800 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "Baltic Region",
        "Key Features": "Trade routes, emergence of social hierarchy."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Caral Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 - 1800 BCE",
        "Region": "Peru",
        "Key Features": "Oldest known civilization in the Americas, complex society."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Antiquity in Iraq",
        "Chronological Range": "5000 BCE - 600 CE",
        "Region": "Iraq",
        "Key Features": "Sumarian, Akkadian, Babylonian civilizations."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "East African Civilization",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "East Africa",
        "Key Features": "Trade interactions with Arabs, Bantu migrations."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "History of Ancient Rome",
        "Chronological Range": "753 BCE - 476 CE",
        "Region": "Rome",
        "Key Features": "Political evolution, technological advancements, cultural practices."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Culture of the Cirripedia",
        "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 100 CE",
        "Region": "Society throughout Asia",
        "Key Features": "Aquatic societies, early earthworks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Emergence of Buddhism",
        "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 0 CE",
        "Region": "India",
        "Key Features": "Philosophical movements, influence on culture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Southeast Asian Empires",
        "Chronological Range": "500 - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "Southeast Asia",
        "Key Features": "Cultural revolutions, trade routes."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Ancient Israel",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 100 CE",
        "Region": "Israel",
        "Key Features": "Development of Judaism, cultural identity."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Merchant Cities of Venice",
        "Chronological Range": "1000 - 1500 CE",
        "Region": "Italy",
        "Key Features": "Cultural richness, trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Campagne Culture",
        "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 500 CE",
        "Region": "France",
        "Key Features": "Social organization, military structures."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Velvet Revolution Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1968 - 1993 CE",
        "Region": "Czech Republic",
        "Key Features": "Cultural awakening, political transitions."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Bulgarian Kingdom",
        "Chronological Range": "681 - 1396 CE",
        "Region": "Bulgaria",
        "Key Features": "Early Slavic kingdoms, cultural exchanges."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Scythian Period",
        "Chronological Range": "800 - 300 BCE",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Key Features": "Nomadic tribes, significant cultural influence."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Fertile Crescent Civilizations",
        "Chronological Range": "9000 - 500 BCE",
        "Region": "Middle East",
        "Key Features": "Origins of agriculture, early cities."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Southerly American Cultures",
        "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric - Present",
        "Region": "South America",
        "Key Features": "Indigenous development, agriculture."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Mesolithic/Neolithic Transition",
        "Chronological Range": "5000 - 3500 BCE",
        "Region": "Northwestern Europe",
        "Key Features": "Technological advances, settlement patterns."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Hieroglyphic Cultures of Egypt",
        "Chronological Range": "3100 - 300 BCE",
        "Region": "Egypt",
        "Key Features": "Development of writing, religious practices."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Art Deco Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1920 - 1940 CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Artistic movement, architectural uniqueness."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Cystic Fibrosis Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1950 - Present",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Medical advancements, patient care development."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Pre-galactic Civilizations",
        "Chronological Range": "2000 BCE - 300 CE",
        "Region": "Various Cultures",
        "Key Features": "Cultural development predating known history."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Yugoslavia Era",
        "Chronological Range": "1946 - 1992 CE",
        "Region": "Balkans",
        "Key Features": "Cultural richness, conflicts leading to dissolution."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Transatlantic Slave Trade Era",
        "Chronological Range": "16th - 19th Century CE",
        "Region": "Transatlantic",
        "Key Features": "Human movement, social and economic changes."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Silk Road Era",
        "Chronological Range": "2nd Century BCE - 14th Century CE",
        "Region": "Eurasia",
        "Key Features": "Cultural exchanges, trade networks."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Nationalism Movements",
        "Chronological Range": "19th - 20th Century CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Rise of nation-states, ethnic identities."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Sumer to Babylon Transition Period",
        "Chronological Range": "2000 - 1500 BCE",
        "Region": "Mesopotamia",
        "Key Features": "Cultural transitions, advancements in governance."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Woman's Rights Movement",
        "Chronological Range": "19th - 20th Century CE",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Cultural shifts towards gender equality."
    },
    {
        "Period Name": "Modernist Movement",
        "Chronological Range": "Late 19th - Mid 20th Century",
        "Region": "Worldwide",
        "Key Features": "Cultural rethinking of art, literature, and philosophy."
    }
]