[ { "Period Name": "Upper Paleolithic", "Chronological Range": "50,000 - 10,000 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Artistic expression, advanced tool use, emergence of Homo sapiens." }, { "Period Name": "Mesolithic", "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 5,000 BCE", "Region": "Europe and Near East", "Key Features": "Transitional period, semi-nomadic lifestyles, increase in microliths." }, { "Period Name": "Neolithic", "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 4,500 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Agriculture, permanent settlements, pottery, weaving." }, { "Period Name": "Bronze Age", "Chronological Range": "3300 - 1200 BCE", "Region": "Near East, Europe, South Asia", "Key Features": "Use of bronze, the rise of cities, trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Iron Age", "Chronological Range": "1200 - 600 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Iron metallurgy, the emergence of empires, complex societies." }, { "Period Name": "Classical Antiquity", "Chronological Range": "8th Century BCE - 5th Century CE", "Region": "Mediterranean", "Key Features": "Formation of empires, development of philosophy, written records." }, { "Period Name": "Middle Ages", "Chronological Range": "5th - 15th Century CE", "Region": "Europe and parts of Asia", "Key Features": "Feudalism, church dominance, the rise of kingdoms." }, { "Period Name": "Renaissance", "Chronological Range": "14th - 17th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Revival of classical learning, art, humanism, scientific advancements." }, { "Period Name": "Industrial Revolution", "Chronological Range": "18th - 19th Century CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Mass production, urbanization, technological innovation." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric", "Chronological Range": "Before written records", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Development of stone tools, early human behaviors." }, { "Period Name": "Chalcolithic", "Chronological Range": "4500 - 3500 BCE", "Region": "Middle East and parts of Europe", "Key Features": "Copper use, early forms of metallurgy, emergence of social hierarchies." }, { "Period Name": "Early Bronze Age", "Chronological Range": "3300 - 2100 BCE", "Region": "North Africa and Eurasia", "Key Features": "First urban centers, trade routes, religious structures." }, { "Period Name": "Late Bronze Age", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1200 BCE", "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean", "Key Features": "Cultural exchanges through trade, collapse of regional powers." }, { "Period Name": "Early Iron Age", "Chronological Range": "1200 - 800 BCE", "Region": "Mediterranean and Near East", "Key Features": "Iron tools, rise of early states." }, { "Period Name": "High Middle Ages", "Chronological Range": "11th - 13th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Increased trade, study of classical antiquity, gothic architecture." }, { "Period Name": "Late Middle Ages", "Chronological Range": "14th - 16th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Black Death, emergence of modern nation-states, printing press." }, { "Period Name": "Pre-Columbian", "Chronological Range": "3000 BCE - 1492 CE", "Region": "Americas", "Key Features": "Diverse cultures, monumental architecture, complex societies." }, { "Period Name": "Indus Valley Civilization", "Chronological Range": "3300 - 1300 BCE", "Region": "South Asia", "Key Features": "Urban planning, social organization, early writing." }, { "Period Name": "Chinese Neolithic", "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 2000 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Rice cultivation, village settlements, early pottery." }, { "Period Name": "Roman Empire", "Chronological Range": "27 BCE - 476 CE", "Region": "Mediterranean and parts of Europe", "Key Features": "Road networks, law and governance systems, architectural innovation." }, { "Period Name": "Byzantine Period", "Chronological Range": "330 - 1453 CE", "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean", "Key Features": "Continuation of Roman culture, Orthodox Christianity, arts." }, { "Period Name": "Islamic Golden Age", "Chronological Range": "8th - 14th Century CE", "Region": "Middle East and parts of Europe", "Key Features": "Advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy." }, { "Period Name": "Age of Discovery", "Chronological Range": "15th - 17th Century CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "European exploration, colonization, globalization." }, { "Period Name": "American Revolution", "Chronological Range": "1765 - 1783 CE", "Region": "North America", "Key Features": "Colonial independence, formation of constitutional governance." }, { "Period Name": "Victorian Era", "Chronological Range": "1837 - 1901 CE", "Region": "United Kingdom", "Key Features": "Industrial progress, empire expansion, cultural shifts." }, { "Period Name": "Postmodern Era", "Chronological Range": "Late 20th Century - Present", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Rejection of modernist norms, cultural pluralism, global communication." }, { "Period Name": "Neolithic Revolution", "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 2000 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Stone Age", "Chronological Range": "2.6 million years ago - 3000 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Use of stone tools, basic social structures." }, { "Period Name": "Hellenistic Period", "Chronological Range": "323 - 30 BCE", "Region": "Eastern Mediterranean", "Key Features": "Spread of Greek culture, art, and philosophy after Alexander." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric America", "Chronological Range": "10,000 BCE - 1492 CE", "Region": "Americas", "Key Features": "Early hunter-gatherers, development of agriculture and complex societies." }, { "Period Name": "Old Kingdom Egypt", "Chronological Range": "2686 - 2181 BCE", "Region": "Egypt", "Key Features": "Pyramid construction, centralized state, Egyptian art." }, { "Period Name": "New Kingdom Egypt", "Chronological Range": "1550 - 1070 BCE", "Region": "Egypt", "Key Features": "Expansion, wealth, monumental architecture, pharaohs." }, { "Period Name": "Aksumite Empire", "Chronological Range": "100 - 940 CE", "Region": "Northeast Africa", "Key Features": "Trade empire, early Christianity, stelae construction." }, { "Period Name": "Carolingian Renaissance", "Chronological Range": "8th - 9th Century CE", "Region": "Western Europe", "Key Features": "Cultural revival under Charlemagne, preservation of knowledge." }, { "Period Name": "Renaissance in Italy", "Chronological Range": "14th Century - 16th Century CE", "Region": "Italy", "Key Features": "Artistic and intellectual revival, notable artists, humanism." }, { "Period Name": "African Iron Age", "Chronological Range": "600 BCE - 1000 CE", "Region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "Key Features": "Iron technology, development of complex societies." }, { "Period Name": "Baroque Era", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1750 CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Dramatic art, architectural grandeur, scientific advancements." }, { "Period Name": "Enlightenment", "Chronological Range": "17th - 19th Century CE", "Region": "Europe and Americas", "Key Features": "Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individualism." }, { "Period Name": "Postcolonial Period", "Chronological Range": "20th Century - Present", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Decolonization, cultural identity movements, global interconnectedness." }, { "Period Name": "Ancient China", "Chronological Range": "2100 BCE - 221 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Dynastic rule, philosophical developments, technological innovations." }, { "Period Name": "Viking Age", "Chronological Range": "793 - 1066 CE", "Region": "Scandinavia and parts of Europe", "Key Features": "Norse exploration, trade, and raiding." }, { "Period Name": "Mesoamerican Era", "Chronological Range": "1500 BCE - 1500 CE", "Region": "Central America", "Key Features": "Development of complex societies like the Maya and Aztec." }, { "Period Name": "Middle Kingdom Egypt", "Chronological Range": "2055 - 1650 BCE", "Region": "Egypt", "Key Features": "Consolidation of power, cultural flourishing, literature." }, { "Period Name": "Sumerian Civilization", "Chronological Range": "4500 - 1900 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Development of cuneiform, city-states, ziggurats." }, { "Period Name": "Iron Age Europe", "Chronological Range": "800 - 1 BCE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Rise of Celtic tribes, trade networks, early settlements." }, { "Period Name": "Roman Republic", "Chronological Range": "509 - 27 BCE", "Region": "Mediterranean", "Key Features": "Political system development, conflicts, expansion." }, { "Period Name": "Sioux Period", "Chronological Range": "circa 1800 CE", "Region": "North America", "Key Features": "Complex tribal societies, resistance against colonization." }, { "Period Name": "Ancient Greece", "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 300 BCE", "Region": "Greece", "Key Features": "Foundation of democracy, philosophy, Greek art." }, { "Period Name": "Celtic Period", "Chronological Range": "circa 600 BCE - 43 CE", "Region": "Western Europe", "Key Features": "Celtic tribes, intricate art, trade routes." }, { "Period Name": "Indigenous Australian Cultures", "Chronological Range": "Before 1788", "Region": "Australia", "Key Features": "Hunter-gatherer societies, Dreamtime stories, land management." }, { "Period Name": "Babylonian Empire", "Chronological Range": "1894 - 539 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Legal codes, mathematics, astronomy." }, { "Period Name": "Lapita Culture", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 500 BCE", "Region": "Oceania", "Key Features": "Maritime trade, pottery, early Polynesian settlements." }, { "Period Name": "Early Modern Period", "Chronological Range": "1500 - 1800 CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Transition from medieval to modern, exploration, scientific revolution." }, { "Period Name": "Qing Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "1644 - 1912 CE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Final imperial dynasty, cultural and scientific advancements." }, { "Period Name": "Arab Caliphate", "Chronological Range": "7th - 13th Century CE", "Region": "Middle East and North Africa", "Key Features": "Islamic expansion, cultural synthesis, science." }, { "Period Name": "Saxony Period", "Chronological Range": "5th - 8th Century CE", "Region": "Germany", "Key Features": "Migration period, early medieval kingdoms." }, { "Period Name": "Shang Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1046 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Early Chinese writing and bronze age culture." }, { "Period Name": "Tang Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "618 - 907 CE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Cultural flourishing, expansion, trade via Silk Road." }, { "Period Name": "Gupta Empire", "Chronological Range": "c. 240 - 550 CE", "Region": "India", "Key Features": "Golden Age of India, advancements in mathematics and science." }, { "Period Name": "Caribbean Arawak Taino", "Chronological Range": "Pre-1492", "Region": "Caribbean Islands", "Key Features": "Agricultural societies, complex social hierarchies." }, { "Period Name": "Hittite Empire", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1178 BCE", "Region": "Anatolia", "Key Features": "Advancements in law, warfare, and diplomacy." }, { "Period Name": "Ottoman Empire", "Chronological Range": "1299 - 1922 CE", "Region": "Southeast Europe, Western Asia, North Africa", "Key Features": "Cultural melting pot, trade routes, art." }, { "Period Name": "Ancestral Puebloans", "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 1300 CE", "Region": "Southwest USA", "Key Features": "Cliff dwellings, complex societies, agricultural practices." }, { "Period Name": "Chavin Culture", "Chronological Range": "900 - 200 BCE", "Region": "Peru", "Key Features": "Religious center, monumental architecture, art." }, { "Period Name": "Feudal Japan", "Chronological Range": "1185 - 1603 CE", "Region": "Japan", "Key Features": "Samurai culture, shogunates, isolationist policies." }, { "Period Name": "Sassanian Empire", "Chronological Range": "224 - 651 CE", "Region": "Persia", "Key Features": "Cultural revival, architecture, Zoroastrianism." }, { "Period Name": "Vedic Period", "Chronological Range": "1500 - 500 BCE", "Region": "India", "Key Features": "Formation of Hinduism, early Indian society, philosophical texts." }, { "Period Name": "Minoan Civilization", "Chronological Range": "2600 - 1400 BCE", "Region": "Crete", "Key Features": "Palatial centers, art, early writing systems." }, { "Period Name": "Early Medieval Period", "Chronological Range": "5th - 10th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Fall of the Western Roman Empire, development of feudal systems." }, { "Period Name": "Vikings in North America", "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 CE", "Region": "North America", "Key Features": "Norse exploration, trading posts, settlements." }, { "Period Name": "Sumerian Period", "Chronological Range": "circa 4500 - 1900 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "City-states, development of writing (cuneiform)." }, { "Period Name": "Mississippian Culture", "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 1600 CE", "Region": "Southeast USA", "Key Features": "Mound-building, complex societies, agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric Japan", "Chronological Range": "30,000 BCE - 300 CE", "Region": "Japan", "Key Features": "Jomon and Yayoi cultures, pottery, early agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Polynesian Expansion", "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 1300 CE", "Region": "Oceania", "Key Features": "Maritime navigation, settlement of islands." }, { "Period Name": "Olmec Civilization", "Chronological Range": "1400 - 400 BCE", "Region": "Mexico", "Key Features": "Colossal heads, early writing and trade." }, { "Period Name": "Qin Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "221 - 206 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Unification of China, Great Wall construction, legalism." }, { "Period Name": "Zhou Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "1046 - 256 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Development of Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven." }, { "Period Name": "Roman Britain", "Chronological Range": "43 - 410 CE", "Region": "Britain", "Key Features": "Integration of Roman culture, urban centers, Hadrian's Wall." }, { "Period Name": "Golden Age of Islam", "Chronological Range": "8th - 14th Century CE", "Region": "Middle East and North Africa", "Key Features": "Cultural and intellectual advancements, trade flourishing." }, { "Period Name": "The Reformation", "Chronological Range": "16th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Religious reformation, emergence of Protestantism." }, { "Period Name": "Neolithic Europe", "Chronological Range": "6000 - 2000 BCE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Agricultural practices, megalithic structures." }, { "Period Name": "Early South American Civilizations", "Chronological Range": "1500 BCE - 500 CE", "Region": "Andes Region", "Key Features": "Complex social structures, religious beliefs, agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Western Han Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "206 BCE - 9 CE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Expansion of territory, trade on Silk Road." }, { "Period Name": "Late Bronze Age Greece", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1100 BCE", "Region": "Greece", "Key Features": "Mycenaean civilization, palace culture." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric Siberia", "Chronological Range": "circa 30,000 BCE - 500 CE", "Region": "Siberia", "Key Features": "Hunting-gathering societies, nomadic lifestyles." }, { "Period Name": "Chola Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "c. 300 BCE - 1279 CE", "Region": "South India", "Key Features": "Advancements in arts, architecture, maritime trade." }, { "Period Name": "Age of Empires", "Chronological Range": "15th - 20th Century CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "European colonialism, the establishment of trade empires." }, { "Period Name": "Shang Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "1600 - 1046 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Bronze Age culture, ancestor worship, early writing." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric Oceania", "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 BCE - 1200 CE", "Region": "Oceania", "Key Features": "Migration, development of agricultural societies." }, { "Period Name": "Emergence of City-States", "Chronological Range": "3rd Millennium BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Urbanization, governance systems, trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Teotihuacan", "Chronological Range": "100 BCE - 750 CE", "Region": "Central Mexico", "Key Features": "Urban center, pyramids, cultural exchange." }, { "Period Name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "Chronological Range": "911 - 609 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Military achievements, library of Ashurbanipal." }, { "Period Name": "Khmer Empire", "Chronological Range": "802 - 1431 CE", "Region": "Southeast Asia", "Key Features": "Construction of Angkor Wat, advanced hydraulic engineering." }, { "Period Name": "Chimu Culture", "Chronological Range": "c. 900 - 1470 CE", "Region": "Peru", "Key Features": "Complex societies, metalwork, and agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Indigenous Californian Cultures", "Chronological Range": "Pre-Contact", "Region": "California", "Key Features": "Diverse groups, complex societal structures, resource management." }, { "Period Name": "Tekri Culture", "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1500 BCE", "Region": "Western India", "Key Features": "Early urbanization, settlements, metallurgy." }, { "Period Name": "Attachment Age,\"6th - 2nd Century CE", "Chronological Range": "Central Asia", "Region": "Development of trade routes, nomadic societies.", "Key Features": NaN }, { "Period Name": "Pushkin Era", "Chronological Range": "1920 - 1940 CE", "Region": "Russia", "Key Features": "Cultural renaissance, literature." }, { "Period Name": "Great Zimbabwe", "Chronological Range": "1100 - 1450 CE", "Region": "Southern Africa", "Key Features": "Monumental stone ruins, trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Greenland Norse Settlements", "Chronological Range": "10th - 15th Century CE", "Region": "Greenland", "Key Features": "Viking exploration, adaptations to Arctic environments." }, { "Period Name": "Great Basin Cultures", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric - Present", "Region": "Western USA", "Key Features": "Hunter-gatherer societies, diverse adaptations." }, { "Period Name": "Terracotta Army", "Chronological Range": "210 BCE - 210 CE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Burial art from the Qin dynasty, large-scale crafting." }, { "Period Name": "European Neolithic", "Chronological Range": "Neolithic period", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Distribution of farming, monumental architecture like Stonehenge." }, { "Period Name": "Missouri Hopewell Culture", "Chronological Range": "200 BCE - 500 CE", "Region": "Midwestern USA", "Key Features": "Mound building, extensive trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Pictish Culture", "Chronological Range": "300 - 900 CE", "Region": "Scotland", "Key Features": "Symbol stones, complex society, interaction with Romans." }, { "Period Name": "Bronze Age Scandinavia", "Chronological Range": "1800 - 500 BCE", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Key Features": "Elder burial mounds, metalwork." }, { "Period Name": "Edwardian Era", "Chronological Range": "1901 - 1910 CE", "Region": "United Kingdom", "Key Features": "Cultural shifts, societal changes, early modernity." }, { "Period Name": "Bantu Migrations", "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 BCE - 500 CE", "Region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "Key Features": "Spread of agriculture, language spread." }, { "Period Name": "Carolingian Empire", "Chronological Range": "800 - 888 CE", "Region": "Western Europe", "Key Features": "Cultural revival, unification under Charlemagne." }, { "Period Name": "Mesopotamian Societies", "Chronological Range": "3500 - 500 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Invention of writing, monumental architecture." }, { "Period Name": "Maori Culture", "Chronological Range": "circa 1300 - Present", "Region": "New Zealand", "Key Features": "Indigenous peoples, rich oral traditions, resource management." }, { "Period Name": "Amerindian Cultures", "Chronological Range": "Pre-Columbian Era", "Region": "North America", "Key Features": "Cultural diversity, complex societies, early settlements." }, { "Period Name": "Transitional Period", "Chronological Range": "10,000 - 8,000 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric Norway", "Chronological Range": "12,000 BCE - 800 CE", "Region": "Norway", "Key Features": "Cave paintings, early settlements, hunter-gatherer societies." }, { "Period Name": "Old Norse Culture", "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 1300 CE", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Key Features": "Viking explorations, rich storytelling tradition." }, { "Period Name": "Great Wall of China", "Chronological Range": "7th Century BCE - 16th Century CE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Military fortifications, defense architecture." }, { "Period Name": "Harappan Civilization", "Chronological Range": "2600 - 1900 BCE", "Region": "Indus Valley", "Key Features": "Urban planning, advanced drainage systems, trade." }, { "Period Name": "Chichen Itza", "Chronological Range": "600 - 1200 CE", "Region": "Mexico", "Key Features": "Mayan city, cultural center, astronomical observations." }, { "Period Name": "Phoenician Civilization", "Chronological Range": "c. 1200 - 539 BCE", "Region": "Mediterranean", "Key Features": "Sea trade, alphabet development, city-states." }, { "Period Name": "Bactrian Period", "Chronological Range": "c. 3rd Century BCE - 4th Century CE", "Region": "Central Asia", "Key Features": "Cultural syncretism, trade routes like the Silk Road." }, { "Period Name": "Qing Dynasty", "Chronological Range": "1644 - 1912 CE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Last imperial dynasty, societal changes, opium wars." }, { "Period Name": "Norwegian Independence", "Chronological Range": "1814", "Region": "Norway", "Key Features": "Emergence of national identity, constitutional governance." }, { "Period Name": "Saddle & Breach Period", "Chronological Range": "circa 1910 - Present", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Global conflicts, social changes." }, { "Period Name": "Back to the Stone Age", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Reversions to primitive living due to climate or conflict." }, { "Period Name": "Thracian Culture", "Chronological Range": "600 BCE - 300 CE", "Region": "Southeast Europe", "Key Features": "Rich burial customs, unique artifacts." }, { "Period Name": "Vedic to Mauryan Transition", "Chronological Range": "500 BCE to 300 CE", "Region": "India", "Key Features": "Philosophical evolution, early state formation." }, { "Period Name": "North American Colonization", "Chronological Range": "16th - 18th Century CE", "Region": "North America", "Key Features": "Interactions between Europeans and Indigenous peoples." }, { "Period Name": "Neo-liberal Era", "Chronological Range": "Late 20th Century - Present", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Economic globalization, technological advancements." }, { "Period Name": "Early Egyptian Dynasties", "Chronological Range": "3100 - 2686 BCE", "Region": "Egypt", "Key Features": "Formation of the state, pyramids construction." }, { "Period Name": "Minoan to Mycenaean Transition", "Chronological Range": "2000 - 1200 BCE", "Region": "Greece", "Key Features": "Decline of Minoan civilization, rise of Mycenaean." }, { "Period Name": "Romanesque Period", "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 - 1150 CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Architecture, art, and growth of church influence." }, { "Period Name": "Harappan to Vedic Transition", "Chronological Range": "1900 - 1500 BCE", "Region": "Indus Valley to North India", "Key Features": "Cultural assimilation, new socio-political structures." }, { "Period Name": "Gothic Era", "Chronological Range": "12th - 16th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Architectural styles, cathedral constructions, religious fervor." }, { "Period Name": "Fjord Culture", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era", "Region": "Scandinavia", "Key Features": "Maritime adaptations, subsistence lifestyles." }, { "Period Name": "Mongol Empire", "Chronological Range": "1206 - 1368 CE", "Region": "Eurasia", "Key Features": "Largest contiguous empire, cultural exchanges, trade." }, { "Period Name": "Aegean Bronze Age", "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1100 BCE", "Region": "Greece", "Key Features": "Cultural florescence, early writing, major trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Age of Enlightenment", "Chronological Range": "17th - 19th Century CE", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Emphasis on reason, scientific advancement, philosophical discourse." }, { "Period Name": "Early Republic Era", "Chronological Range": "1776 - 1815 CE", "Region": "USA", "Key Features": "Founding of the nation, development of democratic principles." }, { "Period Name": "Santa Cruz Culture", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era", "Region": "California", "Key Features": "Developed understanding of local ecology and sustainable practices." }, { "Period Name": "Yamato Period", "Chronological Range": "c. 300 - 710 CE", "Region": "Japan", "Key Features": "Formation of the Japanese state, cultural developments." }, { "Period Name": "Aztec Empire", "Chronological Range": "1428 - 1521 CE", "Region": "Mexico", "Key Features": "Advancements in mathematics, architecture, comprehensive social structure." }, { "Period Name": "Sutton Hoo", "Chronological Range": "7th Century CE", "Region": "England", "Key Features": "Anglo-Saxon burial, rich grave goods, historical significance." }, { "Period Name": "Neolithic British Isles", "Chronological Range": "4000 - 2000 BCE", "Region": "British Isles", "Key Features": "Construction of megaliths, farming." }, { "Period Name": "Salvadoran Civilizations", "Chronological Range": "circa 1000 BCE - 1500 CE", "Region": "El Salvador", "Key Features": "Development of complex societies, pottery, agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Vietnamese Prehistory", "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 BCE", "Region": "Vietnam", "Key Features": "Development of agriculture, bronze working." }, { "Period Name": "Beringian Cultures", "Chronological Range": "20,000 - 10,000 BCE", "Region": "Siberia and North America", "Key Features": "Early human migration into the Americas through Beringia." }, { "Period Name": "Trans-Saharan Trade", "Chronological Range": "circa 8th Century - Present", "Region": "North Africa", "Key Features": "Exchange of goods across the Sahara, cultural exchanges." }, { "Period Name": "Balkan Bronze Age", "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1000 BCE", "Region": "Balkans", "Key Features": "Ceramic development, regional trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Angkor Period", "Chronological Range": "802 - 1431 CE", "Region": "Cambodia", "Key Features": "Advanced irrigation, monumental architecture." }, { "Period Name": "Zaragoza Strip", "Chronological Range": "1800 - 1900 CE", "Region": "Spain", "Key Features": "Urban and economic development, modern advancements." }, { "Period Name": "Unified India", "Chronological Range": "circa 350 - 500 CE", "Region": "India", "Key Features": "Cultural consolidation, spread of Buddhism." }, { "Period Name": "Polar Cultures", "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 BCE - Present", "Region": "Arctic", "Key Features": "Adaptations to extreme environments, hunting-gathering societies." }, { "Period Name": "Earliest Humans", "Chronological Range": "circa 2.5 million years ago - 10,000 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Homo habilis to Homo sapiens emergence, basic tool use." }, { "Period Name": "Harappan Period", "Chronological Range": "3300 - 1300 BCE", "Region": "Indus Valley", "Key Features": "Urban civilization marked by advanced engineering." }, { "Period Name": "Pre-Contact Hawaiians", "Chronological Range": "300 CE - 1778 CE", "Region": "Hawaii", "Key Features": "Complex society, agricultural practices, voyaging traditions." }, { "Period Name": "Missouri Mound Builders", "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 200 CE", "Region": "Midwestern USA", "Key Features": "Mound construction, trade networks, agricultural societies." }, { "Period Name": "Chaco Canyon", "Chronological Range": "900 - 1150 CE", "Region": "Southwest USA", "Key Features": "Cultural center for Pueblo culture, large dwellings." }, { "Period Name": "Globular Amphora Culture", "Chronological Range": "ca. 4100 - 2900 BCE", "Region": "Central Europe", "Key Features": "Neolithic burial traditions, pottery styles." }, { "Period Name": "Benin Kingdom", "Chronological Range": "1180 - 1897 CE", "Region": "West Africa", "Key Features": "Political organization, cultural richness, art." }, { "Period Name": "Burial Mounds of Ohio", "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 500 CE", "Region": "Ohio", "Key Features": "Monumental earthworks related to ancient Native American societies." }, { "Period Name": "Archaic Greece", "Chronological Range": "circa 800 - 500 BCE", "Region": "Greece", "Key Features": "Foundation of city-states, emergence of democracy." }, { "Period Name": "Peoples of the Andes", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric - Present", "Region": "Andes Region", "Key Features": "Rich cultural heritage, terracing agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Neolithic Island Cultures", "Chronological Range": "4000 BCE - 2000 BCE", "Region": "Island Regions", "Key Features": "Development of unique languages and cultures." }, { "Period Name": "Sumer to Babylon Transition", "Chronological Range": "2000 - 1500 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Rise of Babylon, cultural exchanges." }, { "Period Name": "Waikato Culture", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era", "Region": "New Zealand", "Key Features": "Early M\u0101ori customs, farming practices." }, { "Period Name": "Warring States Period", "Chronological Range": "475 - 221 BCE", "Region": "China", "Key Features": "Political fragmentation, philosophical developments." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric Baltic Region", "Chronological Range": "3000 - 1200 BCE", "Region": "Baltic Sea Region", "Key Features": "Non-agricultural societies, cultural artifacts." }, { "Period Name": "Iron Age in Africa", "Chronological Range": "circa 500 BCE - 200 CE", "Region": "Africa", "Key Features": "Introduction of iron technology, social changes." }, { "Period Name": "Rustic Era", "Chronological Range": "Late 18th Century - Early 19th Century", "Region": "Europe", "Key Features": "Emergence of rural cultures, simple living." }, { "Period Name": "Tribal America", "Chronological Range": "circa 300 BCE - 1500 CE", "Region": "North America", "Key Features": "Tribal governance, diverse cultures." }, { "Period Name": "Steppes Culture", "Chronological Range": "ca. 2000 BCE - Present", "Region": "Eurasian Steppe", "Key Features": "Nomadic lifestyle, pastoralism, cultural exchanges." }, { "Period Name": "Civilization of Peru", "Chronological Range": "circa 1200 - 1400 CE", "Region": "Peru", "Key Features": "Cultural exchange networks, monumental constructions." }, { "Period Name": "Prehistoric Brittany", "Chronological Range": "Neolithic - Early Iron Age", "Region": "Brittany, France", "Key Features": "Megalithic constructions, burial traditions." }, { "Period Name": "Transitional Egyptian Period", "Chronological Range": "1050 - 332 BCE", "Region": "Egypt", "Key Features": "Decline of pharaonic power, invasions." }, { "Period Name": "Norse in Ireland", "Chronological Range": "c. 795 - 1169 CE", "Region": "Ireland", "Key Features": "Viking invasions, settlements, cultural exchange." }, { "Period Name": "Neolithic Architectural Cultures", "Chronological Range": "4000 - 2000 BCE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Development of ceremonial architecture, settlements." }, { "Period Name": "Titular Kingdoms of the Maya", "Chronological Range": "Pre-Columbian Era", "Region": "Mesoamerica", "Key Features": "Political power structures, cultural richness." }, { "Period Name": "Bosnian Pyramids", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric Era", "Region": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Key Features": "Construction of ancient pyramids, controversies." }, { "Period Name": "Caddo Culture", "Chronological Range": "600 - 1800 CE", "Region": "Southern USA", "Key Features": "Trade networks, mound-building societies." }, { "Period Name": "New World Civilizations", "Chronological Range": "1492 - 1600 CE", "Region": "Americas", "Key Features": "Diverse indigenous cultures, early colonialism." }, { "Period Name": "Post Classic Mesoamerican Civilizations", "Chronological Range": "900 - 1521 CE", "Region": "Central Mexico", "Key Features": "Cultural exchanges, urban centers post-Mayans." }, { "Period Name": "Seafaring Cultures of the North", "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 1500 CE", "Region": "Northern Europe", "Key Features": "Maritime trade, settlements, exploration." }, { "Period Name": "Stone Circles of the British Isles", "Chronological Range": "2900 BCE - 1500 BCE", "Region": "British Isles", "Key Features": "Constructed for ritualistic purposes, astronomical alignments." }, { "Period Name": "Latvian Bronze Age", "Chronological Range": "1800 - 500 BCE", "Region": "Baltic Region", "Key Features": "Trade routes, emergence of social hierarchy." }, { "Period Name": "Caral Civilization", "Chronological Range": "circa 3000 - 1800 BCE", "Region": "Peru", "Key Features": "Oldest known civilization in the Americas, complex society." }, { "Period Name": "Antiquity in Iraq", "Chronological Range": "5000 BCE - 600 CE", "Region": "Iraq", "Key Features": "Sumarian, Akkadian, Babylonian civilizations." }, { "Period Name": "East African Civilization", "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 1500 CE", "Region": "East Africa", "Key Features": "Trade interactions with Arabs, Bantu migrations." }, { "Period Name": "History of Ancient Rome", "Chronological Range": "753 BCE - 476 CE", "Region": "Rome", "Key Features": "Political evolution, technological advancements, cultural practices." }, { "Period Name": "Culture of the Cirripedia", "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 100 CE", "Region": "Society throughout Asia", "Key Features": "Aquatic societies, early earthworks." }, { "Period Name": "Emergence of Buddhism", "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 0 CE", "Region": "India", "Key Features": "Philosophical movements, influence on culture." }, { "Period Name": "Southeast Asian Empires", "Chronological Range": "500 - 1500 CE", "Region": "Southeast Asia", "Key Features": "Cultural revolutions, trade routes." }, { "Period Name": "Ancient Israel", "Chronological Range": "1000 BCE - 100 CE", "Region": "Israel", "Key Features": "Development of Judaism, cultural identity." }, { "Period Name": "Merchant Cities of Venice", "Chronological Range": "1000 - 1500 CE", "Region": "Italy", "Key Features": "Cultural richness, trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Campagne Culture", "Chronological Range": "500 BCE - 500 CE", "Region": "France", "Key Features": "Social organization, military structures." }, { "Period Name": "Velvet Revolution Era", "Chronological Range": "1968 - 1993 CE", "Region": "Czech Republic", "Key Features": "Cultural awakening, political transitions." }, { "Period Name": "Bulgarian Kingdom", "Chronological Range": "681 - 1396 CE", "Region": "Bulgaria", "Key Features": "Early Slavic kingdoms, cultural exchanges." }, { "Period Name": "Scythian Period", "Chronological Range": "800 - 300 BCE", "Region": "Eurasia", "Key Features": "Nomadic tribes, significant cultural influence." }, { "Period Name": "Fertile Crescent Civilizations", "Chronological Range": "9000 - 500 BCE", "Region": "Middle East", "Key Features": "Origins of agriculture, early cities." }, { "Period Name": "Southerly American Cultures", "Chronological Range": "Prehistoric - Present", "Region": "South America", "Key Features": "Indigenous development, agriculture." }, { "Period Name": "Mesolithic/Neolithic Transition", "Chronological Range": "5000 - 3500 BCE", "Region": "Northwestern Europe", "Key Features": "Technological advances, settlement patterns." }, { "Period Name": "Hieroglyphic Cultures of Egypt", "Chronological Range": "3100 - 300 BCE", "Region": "Egypt", "Key Features": "Development of writing, religious practices." }, { "Period Name": "Art Deco Era", "Chronological Range": "1920 - 1940 CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Artistic movement, architectural uniqueness." }, { "Period Name": "Cystic Fibrosis Era", "Chronological Range": "1950 - Present", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Medical advancements, patient care development." }, { "Period Name": "Pre-galactic Civilizations", "Chronological Range": "2000 BCE - 300 CE", "Region": "Various Cultures", "Key Features": "Cultural development predating known history." }, { "Period Name": "Yugoslavia Era", "Chronological Range": "1946 - 1992 CE", "Region": "Balkans", "Key Features": "Cultural richness, conflicts leading to dissolution." }, { "Period Name": "Transatlantic Slave Trade Era", "Chronological Range": "16th - 19th Century CE", "Region": "Transatlantic", "Key Features": "Human movement, social and economic changes." }, { "Period Name": "Silk Road Era", "Chronological Range": "2nd Century BCE - 14th Century CE", "Region": "Eurasia", "Key Features": "Cultural exchanges, trade networks." }, { "Period Name": "Nationalism Movements", "Chronological Range": "19th - 20th Century CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Rise of nation-states, ethnic identities." }, { "Period Name": "Sumer to Babylon Transition Period", "Chronological Range": "2000 - 1500 BCE", "Region": "Mesopotamia", "Key Features": "Cultural transitions, advancements in governance." }, { "Period Name": "Woman's Rights Movement", "Chronological Range": "19th - 20th Century CE", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Cultural shifts towards gender equality." }, { "Period Name": "Modernist Movement", "Chronological Range": "Late 19th - Mid 20th Century", "Region": "Worldwide", "Key Features": "Cultural rethinking of art, literature, and philosophy." } ]