Upper Paleolithic |
50,000 - 10,000 BCE |
Worldwide |
Artistic expression, advanced tool use, emergence of Homo sapiens. |
Mesolithic |
10,000 - 5,000 BCE |
Europe and Near East |
Transitional period, semi-nomadic lifestyles, increase in microliths. |
Neolithic |
10,000 - 4,500 BCE |
Worldwide |
Agriculture, permanent settlements, pottery, weaving. |
Bronze Age |
3300 - 1200 BCE |
Near East, Europe, South Asia |
Use of bronze, the rise of cities, trade networks. |
Iron Age |
1200 - 600 BCE |
Worldwide |
Iron metallurgy, the emergence of empires, complex societies. |
Classical Antiquity |
8th Century BCE - 5th Century CE |
Mediterranean |
Formation of empires, development of philosophy, written records. |
Middle Ages |
5th - 15th Century CE |
Europe and parts of Asia |
Feudalism, church dominance, the rise of kingdoms. |
Renaissance |
14th - 17th Century CE |
Europe |
Revival of classical learning, art, humanism, scientific advancements. |
Industrial Revolution |
18th - 19th Century CE |
Worldwide |
Mass production, urbanization, technological innovation. |
Prehistoric |
Before written records |
Worldwide |
Development of stone tools, early human behaviors. |
Chalcolithic |
4500 - 3500 BCE |
Middle East and parts of Europe |
Copper use, early forms of metallurgy, emergence of social hierarchies. |
Early Bronze Age |
3300 - 2100 BCE |
North Africa and Eurasia |
First urban centers, trade routes, religious structures. |
Late Bronze Age |
1600 - 1200 BCE |
Eastern Mediterranean |
Cultural exchanges through trade, collapse of regional powers. |
Early Iron Age |
1200 - 800 BCE |
Mediterranean and Near East |
Iron tools, rise of early states. |
High Middle Ages |
11th - 13th Century CE |
Europe |
Increased trade, study of classical antiquity, gothic architecture. |
Late Middle Ages |
14th - 16th Century CE |
Europe |
Black Death, emergence of modern nation-states, printing press. |
Pre-Columbian |
3000 BCE - 1492 CE |
Americas |
Diverse cultures, monumental architecture, complex societies. |
Indus Valley Civilization |
3300 - 1300 BCE |
South Asia |
Urban planning, social organization, early writing. |
Chinese Neolithic |
10,000 - 2000 BCE |
China |
Rice cultivation, village settlements, early pottery. |
Roman Empire |
27 BCE - 476 CE |
Mediterranean and parts of Europe |
Road networks, law and governance systems, architectural innovation. |
Byzantine Period |
330 - 1453 CE |
Eastern Mediterranean |
Continuation of Roman culture, Orthodox Christianity, arts. |
Islamic Golden Age |
8th - 14th Century CE |
Middle East and parts of Europe |
Advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy. |
Age of Discovery |
15th - 17th Century CE |
Worldwide |
European exploration, colonization, globalization. |
American Revolution |
1765 - 1783 CE |
North America |
Colonial independence, formation of constitutional governance. |
Victorian Era |
1837 - 1901 CE |
United Kingdom |
Industrial progress, empire expansion, cultural shifts. |
Postmodern Era |
Late 20th Century - Present |
Worldwide |
Rejection of modernist norms, cultural pluralism, global communication. |
Neolithic Revolution |
10,000 - 2000 BCE |
Worldwide |
Transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture. |
Stone Age |
2.6 million years ago - 3000 BCE |
Worldwide |
Use of stone tools, basic social structures. |
Hellenistic Period |
323 - 30 BCE |
Eastern Mediterranean |
Spread of Greek culture, art, and philosophy after Alexander. |
Prehistoric America |
10,000 BCE - 1492 CE |
Americas |
Early hunter-gatherers, development of agriculture and complex societies. |
Old Kingdom Egypt |
2686 - 2181 BCE |
Egypt |
Pyramid construction, centralized state, Egyptian art. |
New Kingdom Egypt |
1550 - 1070 BCE |
Egypt |
Expansion, wealth, monumental architecture, pharaohs. |
Aksumite Empire |
100 - 940 CE |
Northeast Africa |
Trade empire, early Christianity, stelae construction. |
Carolingian Renaissance |
8th - 9th Century CE |
Western Europe |
Cultural revival under Charlemagne, preservation of knowledge. |
Renaissance in Italy |
14th Century - 16th Century CE |
Italy |
Artistic and intellectual revival, notable artists, humanism. |
African Iron Age |
600 BCE - 1000 CE |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Iron technology, development of complex societies. |
Baroque Era |
1600 - 1750 CE |
Europe |
Dramatic art, architectural grandeur, scientific advancements. |
Enlightenment |
17th - 19th Century CE |
Europe and Americas |
Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individualism. |
Postcolonial Period |
20th Century - Present |
Worldwide |
Decolonization, cultural identity movements, global interconnectedness. |
Ancient China |
2100 BCE - 221 BCE |
China |
Dynastic rule, philosophical developments, technological innovations. |
Viking Age |
793 - 1066 CE |
Scandinavia and parts of Europe |
Norse exploration, trade, and raiding. |
Mesoamerican Era |
1500 BCE - 1500 CE |
Central America |
Development of complex societies like the Maya and Aztec. |
Middle Kingdom Egypt |
2055 - 1650 BCE |
Egypt |
Consolidation of power, cultural flourishing, literature. |
Sumerian Civilization |
4500 - 1900 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Development of cuneiform, city-states, ziggurats. |
Iron Age Europe |
800 - 1 BCE |
Europe |
Rise of Celtic tribes, trade networks, early settlements. |
Roman Republic |
509 - 27 BCE |
Mediterranean |
Political system development, conflicts, expansion. |
Sioux Period |
circa 1800 CE |
North America |
Complex tribal societies, resistance against colonization. |
Ancient Greece |
circa 800 - 300 BCE |
Greece |
Foundation of democracy, philosophy, Greek art. |
Celtic Period |
circa 600 BCE - 43 CE |
Western Europe |
Celtic tribes, intricate art, trade routes. |
Indigenous Australian Cultures |
Before 1788 |
Australia |
Hunter-gatherer societies, Dreamtime stories, land management. |
Babylonian Empire |
1894 - 539 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Legal codes, mathematics, astronomy. |
Lapita Culture |
1600 - 500 BCE |
Oceania |
Maritime trade, pottery, early Polynesian settlements. |
Early Modern Period |
1500 - 1800 CE |
Worldwide |
Transition from medieval to modern, exploration, scientific revolution. |
Qing Dynasty |
1644 - 1912 CE |
China |
Final imperial dynasty, cultural and scientific advancements. |
Arab Caliphate |
7th - 13th Century CE |
Middle East and North Africa |
Islamic expansion, cultural synthesis, science. |
Saxony Period |
5th - 8th Century CE |
Germany |
Migration period, early medieval kingdoms. |
Shang Dynasty |
1600 - 1046 BCE |
China |
Early Chinese writing and bronze age culture. |
Tang Dynasty |
618 - 907 CE |
China |
Cultural flourishing, expansion, trade via Silk Road. |
Gupta Empire |
c. 240 - 550 CE |
India |
Golden Age of India, advancements in mathematics and science. |
Caribbean Arawak Taino |
Pre-1492 |
Caribbean Islands |
Agricultural societies, complex social hierarchies. |
Hittite Empire |
1600 - 1178 BCE |
Anatolia |
Advancements in law, warfare, and diplomacy. |
Ottoman Empire |
1299 - 1922 CE |
Southeast Europe, Western Asia, North Africa |
Cultural melting pot, trade routes, art. |
Ancestral Puebloans |
1000 BCE - 1300 CE |
Southwest USA |
Cliff dwellings, complex societies, agricultural practices. |
Chavin Culture |
900 - 200 BCE |
Peru |
Religious center, monumental architecture, art. |
Feudal Japan |
1185 - 1603 CE |
Japan |
Samurai culture, shogunates, isolationist policies. |
Sassanian Empire |
224 - 651 CE |
Persia |
Cultural revival, architecture, Zoroastrianism. |
Vedic Period |
1500 - 500 BCE |
India |
Formation of Hinduism, early Indian society, philosophical texts. |
Minoan Civilization |
2600 - 1400 BCE |
Crete |
Palatial centers, art, early writing systems. |
Early Medieval Period |
5th - 10th Century CE |
Europe |
Fall of the Western Roman Empire, development of feudal systems. |
Vikings in North America |
circa 1000 CE |
North America |
Norse exploration, trading posts, settlements. |
Sumerian Period |
circa 4500 - 1900 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
City-states, development of writing (cuneiform). |
Mississippian Culture |
circa 800 - 1600 CE |
Southeast USA |
Mound-building, complex societies, agriculture. |
Prehistoric Japan |
30,000 BCE - 300 CE |
Japan |
Jomon and Yayoi cultures, pottery, early agriculture. |
Polynesian Expansion |
1000 BCE - 1300 CE |
Oceania |
Maritime navigation, settlement of islands. |
Olmec Civilization |
1400 - 400 BCE |
Mexico |
Colossal heads, early writing and trade. |
Qin Dynasty |
221 - 206 BCE |
China |
Unification of China, Great Wall construction, legalism. |
Zhou Dynasty |
1046 - 256 BCE |
China |
Development of Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven. |
Roman Britain |
43 - 410 CE |
Britain |
Integration of Roman culture, urban centers, Hadrian's Wall. |
Golden Age of Islam |
8th - 14th Century CE |
Middle East and North Africa |
Cultural and intellectual advancements, trade flourishing. |
The Reformation |
16th Century CE |
Europe |
Religious reformation, emergence of Protestantism. |
Neolithic Europe |
6000 - 2000 BCE |
Europe |
Agricultural practices, megalithic structures. |
Early South American Civilizations |
1500 BCE - 500 CE |
Andes Region |
Complex social structures, religious beliefs, agriculture. |
Western Han Dynasty |
206 BCE - 9 CE |
China |
Expansion of territory, trade on Silk Road. |
Late Bronze Age Greece |
1600 - 1100 BCE |
Greece |
Mycenaean civilization, palace culture. |
Prehistoric Siberia |
circa 30,000 BCE - 500 CE |
Siberia |
Hunting-gathering societies, nomadic lifestyles. |
Chola Dynasty |
c. 300 BCE - 1279 CE |
South India |
Advancements in arts, architecture, maritime trade. |
Age of Empires |
15th - 20th Century CE |
Worldwide |
European colonialism, the establishment of trade empires. |
Shang Dynasty |
1600 - 1046 BCE |
China |
Bronze Age culture, ancestor worship, early writing. |
Prehistoric Oceania |
circa 3000 BCE - 1200 CE |
Oceania |
Migration, development of agricultural societies. |
Emergence of City-States |
3rd Millennium BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Urbanization, governance systems, trade networks. |
Teotihuacan |
100 BCE - 750 CE |
Central Mexico |
Urban center, pyramids, cultural exchange. |
Neo-Assyrian Empire |
911 - 609 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Military achievements, library of Ashurbanipal. |
Khmer Empire |
802 - 1431 CE |
Southeast Asia |
Construction of Angkor Wat, advanced hydraulic engineering. |
Chimu Culture |
c. 900 - 1470 CE |
Peru |
Complex societies, metalwork, and agriculture. |
Indigenous Californian Cultures |
Pre-Contact |
California |
Diverse groups, complex societal structures, resource management. |
Tekri Culture |
3000 - 1500 BCE |
Western India |
Early urbanization, settlements, metallurgy. |
Attachment Age,"6th - 2nd Century CE |
Central Asia |
Development of trade routes, nomadic societies. |
NaN |
Pushkin Era |
1920 - 1940 CE |
Russia |
Cultural renaissance, literature. |
Great Zimbabwe |
1100 - 1450 CE |
Southern Africa |
Monumental stone ruins, trade networks. |
Greenland Norse Settlements |
10th - 15th Century CE |
Greenland |
Viking exploration, adaptations to Arctic environments. |
Great Basin Cultures |
Prehistoric - Present |
Western USA |
Hunter-gatherer societies, diverse adaptations. |
Terracotta Army |
210 BCE - 210 CE |
China |
Burial art from the Qin dynasty, large-scale crafting. |
European Neolithic |
Neolithic period |
Europe |
Distribution of farming, monumental architecture like Stonehenge. |
Missouri Hopewell Culture |
200 BCE - 500 CE |
Midwestern USA |
Mound building, extensive trade networks. |
Pictish Culture |
300 - 900 CE |
Scotland |
Symbol stones, complex society, interaction with Romans. |
Bronze Age Scandinavia |
1800 - 500 BCE |
Scandinavia |
Elder burial mounds, metalwork. |
Edwardian Era |
1901 - 1910 CE |
United Kingdom |
Cultural shifts, societal changes, early modernity. |
Bantu Migrations |
circa 1000 BCE - 500 CE |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Spread of agriculture, language spread. |
Carolingian Empire |
800 - 888 CE |
Western Europe |
Cultural revival, unification under Charlemagne. |
Mesopotamian Societies |
3500 - 500 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Invention of writing, monumental architecture. |
Maori Culture |
circa 1300 - Present |
New Zealand |
Indigenous peoples, rich oral traditions, resource management. |
Amerindian Cultures |
Pre-Columbian Era |
North America |
Cultural diversity, complex societies, early settlements. |
Transitional Period |
10,000 - 8,000 BCE |
Worldwide |
Shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies. |
Prehistoric Norway |
12,000 BCE - 800 CE |
Norway |
Cave paintings, early settlements, hunter-gatherer societies. |
Old Norse Culture |
circa 800 - 1300 CE |
Scandinavia |
Viking explorations, rich storytelling tradition. |
Great Wall of China |
7th Century BCE - 16th Century CE |
China |
Military fortifications, defense architecture. |
Harappan Civilization |
2600 - 1900 BCE |
Indus Valley |
Urban planning, advanced drainage systems, trade. |
Chichen Itza |
600 - 1200 CE |
Mexico |
Mayan city, cultural center, astronomical observations. |
Phoenician Civilization |
c. 1200 - 539 BCE |
Mediterranean |
Sea trade, alphabet development, city-states. |
Bactrian Period |
c. 3rd Century BCE - 4th Century CE |
Central Asia |
Cultural syncretism, trade routes like the Silk Road. |
Qing Dynasty |
1644 - 1912 CE |
China |
Last imperial dynasty, societal changes, opium wars. |
Norwegian Independence |
1814 |
Norway |
Emergence of national identity, constitutional governance. |
Saddle & Breach Period |
circa 1910 - Present |
Worldwide |
Global conflicts, social changes. |
Back to the Stone Age |
Prehistoric Era |
Worldwide |
Reversions to primitive living due to climate or conflict. |
Thracian Culture |
600 BCE - 300 CE |
Southeast Europe |
Rich burial customs, unique artifacts. |
Vedic to Mauryan Transition |
500 BCE to 300 CE |
India |
Philosophical evolution, early state formation. |
North American Colonization |
16th - 18th Century CE |
North America |
Interactions between Europeans and Indigenous peoples. |
Neo-liberal Era |
Late 20th Century - Present |
Worldwide |
Economic globalization, technological advancements. |
Early Egyptian Dynasties |
3100 - 2686 BCE |
Egypt |
Formation of the state, pyramids construction. |
Minoan to Mycenaean Transition |
2000 - 1200 BCE |
Greece |
Decline of Minoan civilization, rise of Mycenaean. |
Romanesque Period |
circa 1000 - 1150 CE |
Europe |
Architecture, art, and growth of church influence. |
Harappan to Vedic Transition |
1900 - 1500 BCE |
Indus Valley to North India |
Cultural assimilation, new socio-political structures. |
Gothic Era |
12th - 16th Century CE |
Europe |
Architectural styles, cathedral constructions, religious fervor. |
Fjord Culture |
Prehistoric Era |
Scandinavia |
Maritime adaptations, subsistence lifestyles. |
Mongol Empire |
1206 - 1368 CE |
Eurasia |
Largest contiguous empire, cultural exchanges, trade. |
Aegean Bronze Age |
3000 - 1100 BCE |
Greece |
Cultural florescence, early writing, major trade networks. |
Age of Enlightenment |
17th - 19th Century CE |
Europe |
Emphasis on reason, scientific advancement, philosophical discourse. |
Early Republic Era |
1776 - 1815 CE |
USA |
Founding of the nation, development of democratic principles. |
Santa Cruz Culture |
Prehistoric Era |
California |
Developed understanding of local ecology and sustainable practices. |
Yamato Period |
c. 300 - 710 CE |
Japan |
Formation of the Japanese state, cultural developments. |
Aztec Empire |
1428 - 1521 CE |
Mexico |
Advancements in mathematics, architecture, comprehensive social structure. |
Sutton Hoo |
7th Century CE |
England |
Anglo-Saxon burial, rich grave goods, historical significance. |
Neolithic British Isles |
4000 - 2000 BCE |
British Isles |
Construction of megaliths, farming. |
Salvadoran Civilizations |
circa 1000 BCE - 1500 CE |
El Salvador |
Development of complex societies, pottery, agriculture. |
Vietnamese Prehistory |
circa 3000 BCE |
Vietnam |
Development of agriculture, bronze working. |
Beringian Cultures |
20,000 - 10,000 BCE |
Siberia and North America |
Early human migration into the Americas through Beringia. |
Trans-Saharan Trade |
circa 8th Century - Present |
North Africa |
Exchange of goods across the Sahara, cultural exchanges. |
Balkan Bronze Age |
3000 - 1000 BCE |
Balkans |
Ceramic development, regional trade networks. |
Angkor Period |
802 - 1431 CE |
Cambodia |
Advanced irrigation, monumental architecture. |
Zaragoza Strip |
1800 - 1900 CE |
Spain |
Urban and economic development, modern advancements. |
Unified India |
circa 350 - 500 CE |
India |
Cultural consolidation, spread of Buddhism. |
Polar Cultures |
circa 3000 BCE - Present |
Arctic |
Adaptations to extreme environments, hunting-gathering societies. |
Earliest Humans |
circa 2.5 million years ago - 10,000 BCE |
Worldwide |
Homo habilis to Homo sapiens emergence, basic tool use. |
Harappan Period |
3300 - 1300 BCE |
Indus Valley |
Urban civilization marked by advanced engineering. |
Pre-Contact Hawaiians |
300 CE - 1778 CE |
Hawaii |
Complex society, agricultural practices, voyaging traditions. |
Missouri Mound Builders |
1000 BCE - 200 CE |
Midwestern USA |
Mound construction, trade networks, agricultural societies. |
Chaco Canyon |
900 - 1150 CE |
Southwest USA |
Cultural center for Pueblo culture, large dwellings. |
Globular Amphora Culture |
ca. 4100 - 2900 BCE |
Central Europe |
Neolithic burial traditions, pottery styles. |
Benin Kingdom |
1180 - 1897 CE |
West Africa |
Political organization, cultural richness, art. |
Burial Mounds of Ohio |
1000 BCE - 500 CE |
Ohio |
Monumental earthworks related to ancient Native American societies. |
Archaic Greece |
circa 800 - 500 BCE |
Greece |
Foundation of city-states, emergence of democracy. |
Peoples of the Andes |
Prehistoric - Present |
Andes Region |
Rich cultural heritage, terracing agriculture. |
Neolithic Island Cultures |
4000 BCE - 2000 BCE |
Island Regions |
Development of unique languages and cultures. |
Sumer to Babylon Transition |
2000 - 1500 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Rise of Babylon, cultural exchanges. |
Waikato Culture |
Prehistoric Era |
New Zealand |
Early Māori customs, farming practices. |
Warring States Period |
475 - 221 BCE |
China |
Political fragmentation, philosophical developments. |
Prehistoric Baltic Region |
3000 - 1200 BCE |
Baltic Sea Region |
Non-agricultural societies, cultural artifacts. |
Iron Age in Africa |
circa 500 BCE - 200 CE |
Africa |
Introduction of iron technology, social changes. |
Rustic Era |
Late 18th Century - Early 19th Century |
Europe |
Emergence of rural cultures, simple living. |
Tribal America |
circa 300 BCE - 1500 CE |
North America |
Tribal governance, diverse cultures. |
Steppes Culture |
ca. 2000 BCE - Present |
Eurasian Steppe |
Nomadic lifestyle, pastoralism, cultural exchanges. |
Civilization of Peru |
circa 1200 - 1400 CE |
Peru |
Cultural exchange networks, monumental constructions. |
Prehistoric Brittany |
Neolithic - Early Iron Age |
Brittany, France |
Megalithic constructions, burial traditions. |
Transitional Egyptian Period |
1050 - 332 BCE |
Egypt |
Decline of pharaonic power, invasions. |
Norse in Ireland |
c. 795 - 1169 CE |
Ireland |
Viking invasions, settlements, cultural exchange. |
Neolithic Architectural Cultures |
4000 - 2000 BCE |
Worldwide |
Development of ceremonial architecture, settlements. |
Titular Kingdoms of the Maya |
Pre-Columbian Era |
Mesoamerica |
Political power structures, cultural richness. |
Bosnian Pyramids |
Prehistoric Era |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Construction of ancient pyramids, controversies. |
Caddo Culture |
600 - 1800 CE |
Southern USA |
Trade networks, mound-building societies. |
New World Civilizations |
1492 - 1600 CE |
Americas |
Diverse indigenous cultures, early colonialism. |
Post Classic Mesoamerican Civilizations |
900 - 1521 CE |
Central Mexico |
Cultural exchanges, urban centers post-Mayans. |
Seafaring Cultures of the North |
500 BCE - 1500 CE |
Northern Europe |
Maritime trade, settlements, exploration. |
Stone Circles of the British Isles |
2900 BCE - 1500 BCE |
British Isles |
Constructed for ritualistic purposes, astronomical alignments. |
Latvian Bronze Age |
1800 - 500 BCE |
Baltic Region |
Trade routes, emergence of social hierarchy. |
Caral Civilization |
circa 3000 - 1800 BCE |
Peru |
Oldest known civilization in the Americas, complex society. |
Antiquity in Iraq |
5000 BCE - 600 CE |
Iraq |
Sumarian, Akkadian, Babylonian civilizations. |
East African Civilization |
1000 BCE - 1500 CE |
East Africa |
Trade interactions with Arabs, Bantu migrations. |
History of Ancient Rome |
753 BCE - 476 CE |
Rome |
Political evolution, technological advancements, cultural practices. |
Culture of the Cirripedia |
500 BCE - 100 CE |
Society throughout Asia |
Aquatic societies, early earthworks. |
Emergence of Buddhism |
500 BCE - 0 CE |
India |
Philosophical movements, influence on culture. |
Southeast Asian Empires |
500 - 1500 CE |
Southeast Asia |
Cultural revolutions, trade routes. |
Ancient Israel |
1000 BCE - 100 CE |
Israel |
Development of Judaism, cultural identity. |
Merchant Cities of Venice |
1000 - 1500 CE |
Italy |
Cultural richness, trade networks. |
Campagne Culture |
500 BCE - 500 CE |
France |
Social organization, military structures. |
Velvet Revolution Era |
1968 - 1993 CE |
Czech Republic |
Cultural awakening, political transitions. |
Bulgarian Kingdom |
681 - 1396 CE |
Bulgaria |
Early Slavic kingdoms, cultural exchanges. |
Scythian Period |
800 - 300 BCE |
Eurasia |
Nomadic tribes, significant cultural influence. |
Fertile Crescent Civilizations |
9000 - 500 BCE |
Middle East |
Origins of agriculture, early cities. |
Southerly American Cultures |
Prehistoric - Present |
South America |
Indigenous development, agriculture. |
Mesolithic/Neolithic Transition |
5000 - 3500 BCE |
Northwestern Europe |
Technological advances, settlement patterns. |
Hieroglyphic Cultures of Egypt |
3100 - 300 BCE |
Egypt |
Development of writing, religious practices. |
Art Deco Era |
1920 - 1940 CE |
Worldwide |
Artistic movement, architectural uniqueness. |
Cystic Fibrosis Era |
1950 - Present |
Worldwide |
Medical advancements, patient care development. |
Pre-galactic Civilizations |
2000 BCE - 300 CE |
Various Cultures |
Cultural development predating known history. |
Yugoslavia Era |
1946 - 1992 CE |
Balkans |
Cultural richness, conflicts leading to dissolution. |
Transatlantic Slave Trade Era |
16th - 19th Century CE |
Transatlantic |
Human movement, social and economic changes. |
Silk Road Era |
2nd Century BCE - 14th Century CE |
Eurasia |
Cultural exchanges, trade networks. |
Nationalism Movements |
19th - 20th Century CE |
Worldwide |
Rise of nation-states, ethnic identities. |
Sumer to Babylon Transition Period |
2000 - 1500 BCE |
Mesopotamia |
Cultural transitions, advancements in governance. |
Woman's Rights Movement |
19th - 20th Century CE |
Worldwide |
Cultural shifts towards gender equality. |
Modernist Movement |
Late 19th - Mid 20th Century |
Worldwide |
Cultural rethinking of art, literature, and philosophy. |