| United States |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Democratic Party, Republican Party |
| Canada |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Liberal Party, Conservative Party, NDP |
| United Kingdom |
Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats |
| Germany |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
CDU, SPD, Greens, FDP |
| Australia |
Federal Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
Preferential Voting |
Liberal Party, Labour Party, Greens |
| France |
Semi-Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
La République En Marche!, The Republicans, Socialist Party |
| India |
Federal Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
BJP, Indian National Congress, AAP |
| Brazil |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Workers' Party, PSDB, PL |
| Russia |
Federal Semi-Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
United Russia, Communist Party, LDPR |
| Mexico |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
MORENA, PAN, PRI |
| South Africa |
Parliamentary Republic |
Proportional |
List Proportional Representation |
ANC, DA, EFF |
| Japan |
Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Majoritarian |
LDP, DPJ, Komeito |
| Italy |
Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
Lega, PD, FdI |
| Spain |
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
PSOE, PP, VOX |
| Argentina |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Peronist Party, Radical Civic Union |
| Sweden |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Proportional |
List Proportional Representation |
Socialdemokraterna, Moderaterna, Sverigedemokraterna |
| Netherlands |
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy |
Proportional |
Party List System |
VVD, D66, PVV |
| Norway |
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy |
Proportional |
Party List System |
Labour Party, Progress Party |
| Finland |
Parliamentary Republic |
Proportional |
Party List System |
Social Democratic Party, National Coalition Party |
| Switzerland |
Federal Directorial Republic |
Direct Democracy & Representative |
Proportional Representation |
SVP, SP, FDP |
| Belgium |
Federal Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
Proportional |
MR, PS, CD&V |
| Singapore |
Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
People's Action Party |
| New Zealand |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
MMP |
Labour Party, National Party, Greens |
| Israel |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Proportional |
Party List System |
Likud, Blue and White, Labour |
| Iran |
Islamic Republic |
Representative |
Mixed Electoral System |
Principlists, Reformists |
| Saudi Arabia |
Absolute Monarchy |
No political representation |
NaN |
NaN |
| United Arab Emirates |
Federation of Monarchies |
Limited representation |
NaN |
NaN |
| Qatar |
Absolute Monarchy |
No political representation |
NaN |
NaN |
| Kuwait |
Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
NaN |
| Philippines |
Unitary Presidential Constitutional Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
PDP-Laban, Liberal Party |
| Thailand |
Unitary Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Majoritarian |
Palang Pracharath, Pheu Thai |
| Vietnam |
Socialist Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
Communist Party of Vietnam |
| Cuba |
Single-Party Socialist State |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
Communist Party of Cuba |
| Egypt |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Sisi's Party, Wafd Party |
| Turkey |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
AKP, CHP, HDP |
| Pakistan |
Federal Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
PTI, PML-N, PPP |
| Bangladesh |
Unitary Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Awami League, BNP |
| Nepal |
Federal Democratic Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
CPN-UML, Nepali Congress |
| Sri Lanka |
Unitary Semi-Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
SLPP, UNP |
| Zimbabwe |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
ZANU-PF, MDC |
| Nigeria |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
APC, PDP |
| South Korea |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
People Power Party, Democratic Party |
| Malaysia |
Federal Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Pakatan Harapan, Barisan Nasional |
| Ukraine |
Unitary Parliamentary Republic |
Proportional |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
Servant of the People, Opposition Platform |
| Chile |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Conservative Party, Socialist Party |
| Colombia |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
Coalition of parties |
| Peru |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Fuerza Popular, Podemos Peru |
| Venezuela |
Federal Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
United Socialist Party of Venezuela |
| Bolivia |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
MAS, PDC |
| Paraguay |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
ANR, PDP |
| Uruguay |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Frente Amplio, Partido Nacional |
| Costa Rica |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
PLN, PAC |
| Honduras |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
National Party, LIBRE |
| El Salvador |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Nuevas Ideas, FMLN |
| Guatemala |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Modified Parallel System |
National Unity of Hope, FCN |
| Nicaragua |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
Sandinista National Liberation Front |
| Dominican Republic |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Majoritarian System |
PLD, PRM |
| Jamaica |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
JLP, PNP |
| Barbados |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
BLP, DLP |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
PNM, UNC |
| Bahamas |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
FNM, PLP |
| Saint Lucia |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
United Workers Party, Saint Lucia Labour Party |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Antigua Labour Party, United Progressive Party |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
SVG Labour Party, New Democratic Party |
| Grenada |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
New National Party, National Democratic Congress |
| Dominica |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Dominica Labour Party, United Workers Party |
| Kingdom of Eswatini |
Absolute Monarchy |
No political representation |
NaN |
NaN |
| Lesotho |
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
All Basotho Convention, Democratic Congress |
| Malawi |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Malawi Congress Party, Democratic Progressive Party |
| Namibia |
Unitary Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
SWAPO, DTA |
| Botswana |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Botswana Democratic Party, Botswana National Front |
| Zambia |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Patriotic Front, UPND |
| Tanzania |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Chama Cha Mapinduzi, Chadema |
| Rwanda |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Rwandan Patriotic Front |
| Uganda |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
National Resistance Movement |
| Kenya |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
Jubilee Party, Orange Democratic Movement |
| Somalia |
Federal Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Mixed Electoral System |
Various Clans and Parties |
| South Sudan |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
SPLM, SPLM-IO |
| Republic of the Congo |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
PCT, UDI |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Majoritarian System |
PPRD, UDPS |
| Angola |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
MPLA |
| Cameroon |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
CPDM |
| Gabon |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
PDG |
| Central African Republic |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various parties |
| Chad |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
MDM |
| Niger |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
PNDS-Tarayya, MNSD |
| Mali |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Rassemblement pour le Mali, RPM |
| Burkina Faso |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
MPP, CDP |
| Togo |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
UNIR |
| Bénin |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
VARIOUS PARTIES |
| Benin |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Parties |
| Burundi |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
CNDD-FDD, FNL |
| Equatorial Guinea |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
PDGE |
| Sao Tome and Principe |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Independent Democratic Action, MLSTP-PSD |
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
ADPP, MLSTP/PSD |
| Eswatini |
Absolute Monarchy |
No political representation |
NaN |
NaN |
| Vanuatu |
Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Preferential Voting |
Vanua'aku Party, National United Party |
| Papua New Guinea |
Unitary Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Limited Preferential Voting |
PANGU, National Alliance Party |
| Fiji |
Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
FijiFirst, SODELPA |
| Kiribati |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Micronesia |
Federal Republic |
Representative |
NaN |
Various Parties |
| Palau |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
NaN |
Various Parties |
| Marshall Islands |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
NaN |
Various Parties |
| Tuvalu |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Nauru |
Parliamentary Republic |
Representative |
Alternative Vote |
Various Parties |
| Taiwan |
Democratic Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
DPP, KMT |
| Bhutan |
Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa, PNP |
| Maldives |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
MDP, PPM |
| Afghanistan |
Islamic Republic |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Political Parties |
| Sri Lanka |
Unitary Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
SLPP, UNP |
| Saudi Arabia |
Absolute Monarchy |
No political representation |
NaN |
NaN |
| Vietnam |
Socialist Republic |
Single Party Representation |
NaN |
Communist Party of Vietnam |
| Lesotho |
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy |
Representative |
Proportional |
Various Parties |
| Seychelles |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
LDS, SNP |
| Reunion |
Overseas Department of France |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Parties |
| Guadeloupe |
Overseas Department of France |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Parties |
| Martinique |
Overseas Department of France |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Parties |
| Mayotte |
Overseas Department of France |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Parties |
| French Polynesia |
Overseas Collectivity of France |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Tahoeraa Huiraatira, Tapura Huiraatira |
| Wallis and Futuna |
Overseas Collectivity of France |
Traditional Leadership |
NaN |
NaN |
| New Caledonia |
Special Collectivity of France |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
FLNKS, RPCR |
| French Guiana |
Overseas Department of France |
Representative |
Two-Round System |
Various Parties |
| Greenland |
Self-Governing Territory of Denmark |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit |
| Faroe Islands |
Self-Governing Territory of Denmark |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Social Democrats, Progressives |
| Åland Islands |
Autonomous Region of Finland |
Representative |
Proportional Representation |
Moderate Coalition, Åland Centre |
| Kosovo |
Partial Republic |
Proportional Representation |
Party List System |
LDK, PDK |
| Taiwan |
Democratic Republic |
Representative |
Mixed-Member Proportional |
DPP, KMT |
| Seychelles |
Presidential Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
LDS, SNP |
| Tuvalu |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Montserrat |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Anguilla |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| British Virgin Islands |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Cayman Islands |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Saint Helena |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Bermuda |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Pitcairn Islands |
British Overseas Territory |
Representative |
NaN |
NaN |
| Nauru |
Independent Republic |
Representative |
First Past the Post |
Various Parties |
| Vatican City |
Absolute Monarchy |
Religious Leadership |
NaN |
NaN |