Consequentialism |
Utilitarianism |
John Stuart Mill, Peter Singer |
Maximize overall good |
Cost-benefit analysis, harm reduction strategies |
Deontological Ethics |
Kantian Ethics |
Immanuel Kant |
Duty-based morality |
Rights-based frameworks, moral rules |
Virtue Ethics |
Aristotelian Ethics |
Aristotle |
Focus on moral character |
Nurturing virtues in AI development |
Care Ethics |
Feminist Ethics |
Carol Gilligan, Nel Noddings |
Importance of relationships and care |
Emphasizing human-centered AI |
Social Contract Theory |
Political Philosophy |
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Mutual agreements for societal good |
Legitimacy of AI laws and governance |
Rights Theory |
Liberalism |
John Rawls, Robert Nozick |
Emphasis on individual rights |
Protecting privacy and autonomy in AI |
Existentialism |
Existentialist philosophy |
Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir |
Focus on individual freedom and choice |
Autonomy in AI decision-making |
Postmodern Ethics |
Poststructuralism |
Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida |
Critique of universal truths |
Complexity of narratives in AI influences |
Critical Theory |
Frankfurt School |
Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno |
Critique of power structures |
Addressing biases in AI and societal impact |
Transhumanism |
Futurism |
Nick Bostrom, Max More |
Enhancement of the human condition |
AI augmentation and ethical implications |
Ecological Ethics |
Deep Ecology |
Arne Naess, Aldo Leopold |
Intrinsic value of nature |
AI's impact on the environment |
Phenomenology |
Existential Phenomenology |
Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger |
Study of experiences |
Understanding human experiences with AI |
Pragmatism |
Pragmatic Philosophy |
William James, John Dewey |
Truth as a process |
Iterative AI design based on user feedback |
Feminist Ethics |
Feminist Theory |
Judith Butler, Virginia Held |
Centering women's experiences and perspectives |
Gender biases in AI development |
Disability Ethics |
Disability Studies |
Tom Shakespeare, Lennard J. Davis |
Focus on the rights of people with disabilities |
Designing AI for accessibility |
Emotivism |
Ethical Non-Cognitivism |
A.J. Ayer, C.L. Stevenson |
Moral judgments are expressions of emotion |
Addressing emotional impacts of AI |
Legal Positivism |
Legal Theory |
H.L.A. Hart, Joseph Raz |
Law as social fact |
Regulation of AI technologies |
Socialism |
Political Philosophy |
Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels |
Collective ownership and social equality |
AI's role in wealth distribution |
Democratic Theory |
Political Philosophy |
Robert Dahl |
Emphasis on participation and equality |
AI in democratic deliberation processes |
Behaviorism |
Psychological Theory |
B.F. Skinner |
Focus on observable behavior |
AI models based on behavioral data |
Cognitive Ethics |
Cognitive Science |
Daniel Dennett, John Searle |
Mind and thinking processes |
Cognitive models in AI reasoning |
Realism |
Philosophical Realism |
Aristotle, David Hilbert |
Acceptance of the world as it is |
Real-world implications of AI behavior |
Constructivism |
Social Constructivism |
Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky |
Knowledge as constructed through interaction |
Building ethical AI through social context |
Relativism |
Cultural Relativism |
Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict |
Ethics varies between cultures |
Global perspectives on AI ethics |
Objectivism |
Ayn Rand's Philosophy |
Ayn Rand |
Rational self-interest |
AI should promote individual success |
Metaethics |
Ethical Theory |
G.E. Moore, David Hume |
Study of moral language and ontology |
Foundation of ethical AI discussions |
Utilitarianism in AI |
Utilitarian Philosophy |
John Stuart Mill |
AI actions assessed by consequences |
AI for maximizing societal benefits |
Libertarianism |
Political Philosophy |
Robert Nozick |
Emphasis on individual freedom |
AI regulation limits personal liberties |
Rawlsian Justice |
Justice as Fairness |
John Rawls |
Fair distribution of benefits and burdens |
Equitable AI access across societies |
Deep Learning Ethics |
Machine Learning Theory |
Geoffrey Hinton, Yann LeCun |
Ethical use of algorithms in AI |
Managing biases in deep learning models |
Algorithmic Accountability |
Accountability Theory |
Kate Crawford |
Responsibility for AI actions |
Ensuring transparency in algorithmic decisions |
Bias and Fairness |
Critical Race Theory |
Ruha Benjamin |
Examining racial biases in data |
Mitigating systemic injustices in AI |
Ethical Pluralism |
Pluralistic Ethics |
William David Ross |
Multiple ethical perspectives coexist |
Integrative approaches to AI ethics |
Ontology of AI |
Philosophical Ontology |
Martin Heidegger, Gilbert Simondon |
Nature of being and existence in AI |
Understanding AI as an entity |
Technomoral Virtue Ethics |
Technoethics |
Peter-Paul Verbeek |
Virtues tailored to technology |
Promoting ethical virtues in tech usage |
Posthumanism |
Philosophical Movement |
Rosi Braidotti, N. Katherine Hayles |
Beyond human-centric ethics |
AI's role in redefining existence |
Recognitional Justice |
Social Justice |
Rahel Jaeggi |
Recognition of individual identity |
AI respecting diverse identities |
Metaethical Constructivism |
Metaethics |
John Rawls, John Searle |
Constructing moral truths through consensus |
Consensus-driven AI ethics |
Interpersonal Ethics |
Interpersonal Theory |
Martin Buber |
Focus on relationships with others |
Human-centered AI development |
Global Ethics |
Global Justice |
Peter Singer, Thomas Pogge |
Ethics that transcends borders |
AI addressing global inequalities |
Stable-Environment Model |
Ecological Ethics |
Hannah Arendt |
Sustainability in ethical considerations |
AI promoting environmental sustainability |
Semantic Web Ethics |
Information Ethics |
Tim Berners-Lee |
Ethics of web data and usage |
AI in semantic data interpretation |
Neuroethics |
Neuroscience Philosophy |
Martha J. Farah, William F. McGowan |
Ethical implications of neuroscience |
Interfacing neuroscience and AI ethics |
Virtue Epistemology |
Epistemology |
Ernest Sosa, Linda Zagzebski |
Virtues in knowledge acquisition |
AI's role in epistemic virtues |
Practical Ethics |
Applied Ethics |
Peter Singer, Tom Regan |
Ethics applied to real-world situations |
Implementing ethical AI practices |
Bioethics |
Medical Ethics |
Peter Singer, Ruth Faden |
Ethics in biology and healthcare |
AI in health informatics and ethical dilemmas |
Animal Ethics |
Ethics of Non-Human Beings |
Peter Singer, Tom Regan |
Moral consideration for animals |
AI addressing animal welfare concerns |
Distributive Justice |
Social Justice |
John Rawls, Amartya Sen |
Fair allocation of resources |
AI's role in allocating societal resources |
Framework Ethics |
Analytical Ethics |
Nicholas Rescher |
Systems for ethical reasoning |
Structuring ethical AI frameworks |
Semiotic Ethics |
Semiotics |
Charles Peirce, Umberto Eco |
Ethics through signs and meanings |
Interpreting AI actions in a semiotic context |
AI Alignment Problem |
Alignment Theory |
Eliezer Yudkowsky |
Aligning AI goals with human values |
Ensuring compatible objectives in AI design |
Interspecies Ethics |
Environmental Philosophy |
David Abram |
Ethics concerning interspecies relationships |
AI's impact on animal rights and ecosystems |
AI and Dignity |
Human Rights Theory |
Michael Sandel |
Respecting human dignity in technology |
Dignity considerations in AI usage |
Generational Ethics |
Futurism |
Hans Jonas |
Ethics across generations |
AI decisions affecting future generations |
Futuristic Ethics |
Futurism |
Nick Bostrom |
Ethical implications of future technologies |
Preparing ethical frameworks for emerging AI |
Technological Determinism |
Social Theory |
Marshall McLuhan, Jacques Ellul |
Technology shapes society |
Impacts of AI on social interactions |
Cultural Narrative Ethics |
Narrative Ethics |
Alasdair MacIntyre |
Influence of cultural narratives |
AI's role in shaping societal stories |
Collective Responsibility |
Social Ethics |
Martha Nussbaum |
Responsibility of groups over individuals |
Responsibility of technologists in AI ethics |
Emancipatory Ethics |
Critical Theory |
Herbert Marcuse |
Freedom from oppressive structures |
Empowerment through ethical AI |
Human-Centric AI |
Humanism |
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow |
Focus on human values |
Developing AI for human enhancement |
Normative Ethics |
Ethics Framework |
Philippa Foot, G.E. Moore |
Assessment of ethical standards |
Establishing ethical norms in AI |
Cognitive Computing Ethics |
Information Ethics |
Douglas Lenat, Patrick Winston |
Ethics of cognitive computing |
Cognitive AI's impact on society |
Affective Ethics |
Emotional Ethics |
Martha Nussbaum |
Role of emotions in ethical considerations |
AI empathy and emotional intelligence |
Information Privacy Ethics |
Privacy Theory |
Daniel J. Solove |
Rights concerning personal information |
Protection of data privacy in AI systems |
Autonomous Ethics |
Autonomous Systems |
Rodney Brooks, Alan Turing |
Ethical considerations for autonomous entities |
Navigating ethics for self-driving systems |
Complexity Ethics |
Complexity Theory |
Stuart Kauffman, Ilya Prigogine |
Interplay of complex systems |
Understanding AI as a complex system |
Aesthetic Ethics |
Aesthetic Philosophy |
Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche |
Aesthetics in ethical considerations |
AI in creative fields and arts |
Responsibility Ethics |
Moral Responsibility |
Peter van Inwagen, R.M. Hare |
Attribution of moral responsibility |
Clarifying who is responsible for AI actions |
AI Governance |
Political Philosophy |
Elinor Ostrom, David G. Victor |
Frameworks for AI oversight |
Governance models for ethical AI deployment |
Postcolonial Ethics |
Postcolonial Theory |
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Edward Said |
Critique of colonialism in ethics |
AI applications in postcolonial contexts |
Transcendental Ethics |
Kantian Philosophy |
Immanuel Kant |
Ethical truths are universally valid |
Universalizing AI ethical considerations |
Critical Rationalism |
Epistemology |
Karl Popper |
Knowledge should be critically tested |
AI assumptions subjected to critical scrutiny |
AI and Social Good |
Social Responsibility |
Peter Singer, Tim O'Reilly |
Leveraging AI for societal benefits |
AI initiatives aiming for social good |