Microorganism	Type	Pathogen Group	Transmission Route	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Treatment	Geographic Distribution
Vibrio cholerae	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral	Diarrhea, dehydration	Stool culture	Rehydration, antibiotics	Global, endemic in some regions
Naegleria fowleri	Protozoan	Amoeba	Freshwater exposure	Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis	CSF analysis	Amphotericin B, miltefosine	Worldwide, freshwater bodies
Cryptosporidium parvum	Protozoan	Apicomplexan	Fecal-oral	Diarrhea, abdominal cramps	Stool examination	Supportive treatment	Worldwide, especially in developing countries
Giardia lamblia	Protozoan	Flagellate	Fecal-oral	Diarrhea, nausea	Stool examination	Metronidazole, tinidazole	Worldwidely distributed, water sources
Legionella pneumophila	Bacterium	Bacteria	Inhalation of aerosols	Legionnaires' disease	Sputum culture	Antibiotics, supportive care	Worldwide, often in water systems
Escherichia coli O157:H7	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral	Severe diarrhea, kidney failure	Stool culture	Supportive care, dialysis for kidney failure	Worldwide, food and waterborne outbreaks
Acanthamoeba castellanii	Protozoan	Amoeba	Contact with contaminated water	Acanthamoeba keratitis	Corneal scraping	Antimicrobial therapy	Worldwide, freshwater lakes
Shigella sonnei	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral	Diarrhea, abdominal pain	Stool culture	Antibiotics, hydration	Global, common in areas of poor sanitation
Salmonella enterica	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral	Diarrhea, fever	Stool culture	Fluids, antibiotics in severe cases	Global, food and waterborne
Clostridium botulinum	Bacterium	Bacteria	Ingestion of toxins	Botulism	Clinical diagnosis, toxin detection	Antitoxin, supportive care	Global, foodborne contamination
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Bacterium	Bacteria	Consumption of contaminated seafood	Gastroenteritis	Stool culture	Supportive management	Coastal areas, worldwide
Vibrio vulnificus	Bacterium	Bacteria	Wound infections, ingestion of raw seafood	Skin lesions, gastroenteritis	Culture of wound or stool	Antibiotics, supportive care	Coastal areas, warm seawater
Plasmodium spp.	Protozoan	Apicomplexan	Mosquito bites (not aquatic but often water-related)	Malaria	Blood smear, rapid tests	Antimalarials	Tropical and subtropical regions
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis	Bacterium	Bacteria	Sexual contact (affinity for water-related habitats)	Granuloma inguinale	Serological tests, biopsy	Antibiotics	Tropical regions
Microcystis aeruginosa	Cyanobacteria	Toxin-producing	Water contact	Hepatotoxicosis	Toxin analysis	Supportive care	Worldwide in freshwater
Schistosoma mansoni	Trematode	Parasite	Skin contact with contaminated water	Schistosomiasis	Serology, stool examination	Praziquantel	Tropical, subtropical regions
Staphylococcus aureus	Bacterium	Bacteria	Wound contamination, skin contact with water	Skin infections, pneumonia	Culture, sensitivity testing	Antibiotics based on sensitivity	Worldwide, in various environments
Campylobacter jejuni	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Diarrhea, fever	Stool culture	Fluids, antibiotics in severe cases	Worldwide, food and waterborne
Bacillus cereus	Bacterium	Bacteria	Foodborne, diarrhea from contaminated water	Diarrhea, vomiting	Stool culture	Supportive care	Worldwide, common in food products
Parasite spp. (various species)	Protozoan	Parasite	Water consumption	Varied symptoms depending on species	Stool examination	Antimicrobials or antiparasitics	Global
Clonorchis sinensis	Trematode	Parasite	Ingestion of contaminated fish	Clonorchiasis	Stool examination, serology	Praziquantel	Southeast Asia, China
Fasciola hepatica	Trematode	Parasite	Ingestion of contaminated water plants	Fascioliasis	Stool examination, serology	Triclabendazole	Worldwide, endemic in agricultural areas
Neorickettsia sennetsu	Bacterium	Bacteria	Ingestion of infected water or fish	Sennetsu fever	Serology	Doxycycline	Southeast Asia, Japan
Chlamydia psittaci	Bacterium	Bacteria	Inhalation or water exposure (indirect)	Psittacosis	Serology, culture	Doxycycline, azithromycin	Worldwide, in environments with birds
Clostridium perfringens	Bacterium	Bacteria	Foodborne, contaminated water	Gastroenteritis, food poisoning	Stool culture	Supportive treatment	Global, commonly associated with meats
Norovirus	Virus	Virus	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Gastroenteritis	Stool assay	Supportive care	Worldwide, food and waterborne outbreaks
Yersinia enterocolitica	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Yersiniosis	Stool culture	Antibiotics for severe cases	Worldwide, food and waterborne outbreaks
Leptospira interrogans	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contact with contaminated water	Leptospirosis	Serology, PCR	Doxycycline, supportive treatment	Worldwide, in areas with rodents
Helminths (various species)	Parasite	Worms	Ingestion of contaminated water	Varied symptoms depending on species	Stool examination	Antiparasitic treatment	Global, especially in areas with poor sanitation
Naegleria spp.	Protozoan	Amoeba	Contact with freshwater	Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis	CSF analysis	Amphotericin B	Worldwide, freshwater hotspots
Escherichia coli (non-O157)	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral	Gastroenteritis	Stool culture	Supportive care	Worldwide, food and waterborne outbreaks
Aeromonas hydrophila	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contact with contaminated water	Gastroenteritis, skin infections	Culture of stool or wound	Fluids, antibiotics for severe infections	Worldwide, in freshwater bodies
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Bacterium	Bacteria	Infection through water contact	Infections in immunocompromised	Culture of infected area	Antibiotics based on sensitivity	Worldwide, particularly in watery environments
Salmonella typhi	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Typhoid fever	Blood cultures, stool cultures	Antibiotics	Global, endemic in some regions
Trichinella spiralis	Helminth	Parasite	Ingestion of undercooked fish or meat	Trichinosis	Biopsy, serology	Supportive care, antiparasitics	Global, depending on meat consumption
Cholera toxin-producing E. coli	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral	Diarrhea, dehydration	Stool culture	Rehydration, antibiotics	Global, especially in areas with cholera outbreaks
Bacillus anthracis	Bacterium	Bacteria	Water or soil exposure (indirect)	Anthrax	Blood culture, toxin detection	Antibiotics, antitoxin	Worldwide, particularly in livestock areas
Helminthic group (various species)	Helminth	Worms	Water ingestion	Varied depending on species	Stool examination	Antiparasitic medications	Global, common in developing countries
Bolbophorus confusus	Trematode	Parasite	Ingestion of contaminated fish	Fish disease transmission potential	Stool examination	Supportive and antiparasitic	Wetland areas of the US
Enterococci (various species)	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contaminated water	Wounds, urinary infections	Culture	Antibiotic therapy	Worldwide, especially in human activity areas
Aliivibrio fischeri	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contact with seawater	Skin infections, gastrointestinal illness	Culture	Antibiotics if severe	Worldwide, marine habitats
Neisseria meningitidis	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contact with contaminated water aerosols	Meningitis	Blood culture; lumbar puncture	Ceftriaxone, prophylaxis	Worldwide, particularly in crowded areas
Vibrio fluvialis	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral, typically through water	Diarrhea, gastroenteritis	Stool culture	Rehydration, antibiotics if severe	Coastal areas of tropical regions
Trichuris trichiura	Helminth	Parasite	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Trichuriasis	Stool examination	Antiparasitic treatment	Tropical and subtropical regions
Plasmodium vivax	Protozoan	Apicomplexan	Mosquito bites, water bodies	Malaria	Blood smear, rapid tests	Antimalarials	Tropical regions
Polyomavirus	Virus	Virus	Water exposure (rare)	Renal disease potential	PCR, serology	Targeted therapy for symptoms	Global, often in immunocompromised
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Bacterium	Bacteria	Sexual contact, water sources (possible)	Gonorrhea	Culture	Antibiotics	Worldwide, in sexually active populations
Mycobacterium marinum	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contact with freshwater or marine environments	Fish tank granuloma	Culture of lesion	Antibiotics	Global, in aquaria or natural waters
Campylobacter coli	Bacterium	Bacteria	Contaminated water	Diarrhea, fever	Stool culture	Supportive management, antibiotics	Global, in contaminated food and water
Schistosoma japonicum	Trematode	Parasite	Skin contact with contaminated water	Schistosomiasis	Stool examination, serology	Praziquantel	Southeast Asia, in freshwater sources
Neorickettsia helminthoeca	Bacterium	Bacteria	Ingestion of infected fish	Salmon poisoning	Serological tests, clinical signs	Antibiotics	Pacific Northwest US, affects canids
Phytophthora spp.	Oomycete	Water mold	Infection of aquatic plants	Plant diseases	Visual inspection, lab tests	Fungicides for crops	Global, affects aquatic and agricultural environments
Babesia microti	Protozoan	Apicomplexan	Tick bites, possibly water-related exposure	Babesiosis	Blood smear, serology	Antimalarials, supportive care	Northeastern US, rates increasing
Mycobacterium chelonae	Bacterium	Bacteria	Infection from water sources	Skin infections, pulmonary disease	Culture	Antibiotic therapy	Global, particularly in aquatic habitats
Sarcocystis spp.	Protozoan	Parasite	Ingestion of contaminated undercooked meat or fish	Sarcocystosis	Muscle biopsy	Supportive treatment	Global, foodborne potential
Toxoplasma gondii	Protozoan	Apicomplexan	Contact with contaminated water or soil	Toxoplasmosis	Serological tests	Supportive care	Worldwide, especially in felines
Ascitic fluid bacteria (various species)	Bacterium	Bacteria	Infection via aquatic environments	Peritonitis, abdominal pain	Culture of fluid	Antibiotics	Global, especially in ascitic patients
Enterobius vermicularis	Helminth	Parasite	Airborne, water ingestion possible	Enterobiasis	Tape test, stool exam	Antiparasitic treatment	Global, commonly affects children
Petroleum-associated marine bacteria	Bacterium	Bacteria	Water exposure from contaminated sites	Varied infections	Culture of clinical samples	Antibiotics for specific infections	Areas affected by oil spills
Clostridium difficile	Bacterium	Bacteria	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Antibiotic-associated diarrhea	Stool assay	Antibiotics, supportive care	Worldwide, prevalent in healthcare settings
Brucella spp.	Bacterium	Bacteria	Ingestion of contaminated water or unpasteurized dairy	Brucellosis	Blood cultures	Antibiotics (doxycycline, rifampin)	Worldwide, particularly in livestock areas
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Bacterium	Bacteria	Waterborne aerosols possible	Pneumonia, meningitis	Culture of sputum or CSF	Antibiotics	Worldwide, including aquatic birds
Rotavirus	Virus	Virus	Fecal-oral, contaminated water	Gastroenteritis	Stool assay	Supportive care	Global, common in children
Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139	Bacterium	Bacteria	Wound infections, consumption of contaminated seafood	Gastroenteritis	Stool culture	Supportive treatment	Tropical and subtropical regions
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	Bacterium	Bacteria	Water exposure in healthcare settings	Pneumonia, wound infections	Culture of infected sites	Antibiotics based on sensitivity	Worldwide, particularly in healthcare settings
Helminthic group (various species)	Helminth	Worms	Ingestion of contaminated water	Varied symptoms	Stool examination	Antiparasitic medications	Global, common in developing countries
Tropheryma whipplei	Bacterium	Bacteria	Possible waterborne transmission	Whipple's disease	Biopsy, PCR	Antibiotics	Global, rare but serious