- Name: Maias Location: Yucatan Peninsula Approximate Dates: 2000 BC - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Advanced agriculture, mathematics, and astronomy Notable Achievements: Pyramids, writing system Reason for Decline: Spanish conquest, climate change - Name: Cahokia Location: Illinois, USA Approximate Dates: 600 AD - 1400 AD Cultural Characteristics: Mound-building culture, urban planning Notable Achievements: Largest city in pre-Columbian North America Reason for Decline: Resource depletion, political strife - Name: Atlantis Location: Location Unknown Approximate Dates: Approx. 9600 BC Cultural Characteristics: Advanced technology, immense wealth Notable Achievements: Naval power, architecture Reason for Decline: Natural disaster, hubris - Name: Indus Valley Civilization Location: Modern Pakistan & Northwest India Approximate Dates: 2500 BC - 1900 BC Cultural Characteristics: Urban planning, drainage system Notable Achievements: Standardized weights, grid city layout Reason for Decline: Possible climate change, invasion - Name: Harappan Civilization Location: Modern Pakistan Approximate Dates: 2600 BC - 1900 BC Cultural Characteristics: Agricultural, trade-oriented society Notable Achievements: Urban centers, advanced crafts Reason for Decline: Environmental changes, decline of trade - Name: Cretan Civilization / Minoans Location: Crete, Greece Approximate Dates: 3000 BC - 1400 BC Cultural Characteristics: Maritime culture, art, trade Notable Achievements: Palace of Knossos, frescoes Reason for Decline: Invasion, volcanic eruption - Name: Etruscans Location: Italy Approximate Dates: 800 BC - 100 BC Cultural Characteristics: Metalwork, urbanization, religious customs Notable Achievements: Architecture, sculptures Reason for Decline: Roman expansion, assimilation - Name: Norse Greenland Location: Greenland Approximate Dates: 1000 AD - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Viking culture, agriculture Notable Achievements: Settlements, trade Reason for Decline: Climate change, isolation - Name: Olmec Location: Mexico Approximate Dates: 1200 BC - 400 BC Cultural Characteristics: Colossal heads, ritual ballgames Notable Achievements: Early writing, artistic influence Reason for Decline: Social upheaval, environmental changes - Name: Ancestral Puebloans Location: Southwestern USA Approximate Dates: 100 AD - 1300 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cliff dwellings, kivas Notable Achievements: Architectural innovations, irrigation Reason for Decline: Drought, resource depletion - Name: Sumerians Location: Mesopotamia (Iraq) Approximate Dates: 4500 BC - 1900 BC Cultural Characteristics: Cuneiform writing, city-states Notable Achievements: Wheel, mathematics Reason for Decline: Invasions, environmental factors - Name: Babylonian Civilization Location: Mesopotamia (Iraq) Approximate Dates: 1894 BC - 539 BC Cultural Characteristics: Hammurabi's Code, astronomy Notable Achievements: Legal systems, mathematics Reason for Decline: Conquered by Persians, internal strife - Name: Phoenicians Location: Eastern Mediterranean Approximate Dates: 1500 BC - 300 BC Cultural Characteristics: Maritime trading power, alphabet invention Notable Achievements: Trade networks, red dye Reason for Decline: Conquests by Persians, Romans - Name: Maya Location: Central America Approximate Dates: 2000 BC - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Complex society with city-states Notable Achievements: Astronomy, calendars Reason for Decline: Warfare, environmental changes - Name: Chavin Location: Peru Approximate Dates: 900 BC - 200 BC Cultural Characteristics: Religious site, artworks Notable Achievements: Ceramic, metallurgy Reason for Decline: Social upheaval, environmental factors - Name: Tibetan Empire Location: Tibet Approximate Dates: 618 AD - 842 AD Cultural Characteristics: Buddhism, culture, trade Notable Achievements: Cultural exchanges, military conquests Reason for Decline: Internal conflict, external pressures - Name: Great Zimbabwe Location: Zimbabwe Approximate Dates: 1100 AD - 1450 AD Cultural Characteristics: Stone structures, trade Notable Achievements: Gold trade, architecture Reason for Decline: Economic decline, political instability - Name: Aksum Location: Ethiopia Approximate Dates: 100 AD - 940 AD Cultural Characteristics: Christian kingdom, trade Notable Achievements: Minting coins, architectural achievements Reason for Decline: Trade disruptions, resource depletion - Name: Songhai Empire Location: West Africa Approximate Dates: 1430 AD - 1591 AD Cultural Characteristics: Trade, Islam, urban centers Notable Achievements: Learning centers, military power Reason for Decline: Invasions, internal strife - Name: City of Petra Location: Jordan Approximate Dates: 5th century BC - 2nd century AD Cultural Characteristics: Rock-cut architecture, water conduit system Notable Achievements: Trade hub, architecture Reason for Decline: Destruction, decline of trade - Name: Byzantine Empire Location: Eastern Mediterranean Approximate Dates: 330 AD - 1453 AD Cultural Characteristics: Christianity, art, law Notable Achievements: Justinian code, architecture Reason for Decline: Ottoman conquest, internal strife - Name: Khmer Empire Location: Cambodia Approximate Dates: 802 AD - 1431 AD Cultural Characteristics: Hindu and Buddhist influence, architectural innovation Notable Achievements: Angkor Wat, water management Reason for Decline: Climate changes, invasion - Name: Incan Empire Location: Andes Mountains Approximate Dates: 1438 AD - 1533 AD Cultural Characteristics: Advanced agriculture, road systems Notable Achievements: Architecture, quipu Reason for Decline: Spanish conquest, civil war - Name: Teotihuacan Location: Mexico Approximate Dates: 100 BC - 550 AD Cultural Characteristics: Urbanity, pyramids Notable Achievements: Pyramid of the Sun, trade Reason for Decline: Resource depletion, conflict - Name: Chaco Canyon Culture Location: New Mexico, USA Approximate Dates: 650 AD - 1150 AD Cultural Characteristics: Kivas, trade networks Notable Achievements: Astronomical alignments, architecture Reason for Decline: Drought, resource depletion - Name: Mississippian Culture Location: North America Approximate Dates: 800 AD - 1600 AD Cultural Characteristics: Mound-building societies Notable Achievements: Cahokia, extensive trade networks Reason for Decline: Climate change, European contact - Name: Teotihuacan Location: Mexico Approximate Dates: 100 BC - 550 AD Cultural Characteristics: Multi-ethnic urban center Notable Achievements: Pyramids, murals Reason for Decline: Mysterious decline, possibly conflict - Name: Persian Empire Location: Iran Approximate Dates: 550 BC - 330 BC Cultural Characteristics: Largest empire of its time, advanced administration Notable Achievements: Royal Road, architectural feats Reason for Decline: Conquered by Alexander the Great - Name: Roman Empire Location: Mediterranean Approximate Dates: 27 BC - 476 AD Cultural Characteristics: Extensive road systems, law Notable Achievements: Architecture, engineering Reason for Decline: Barbarian invasions, internal corruption - Name: Babylon Location: Iraq Approximate Dates: 1894 BC - 539 BC Cultural Characteristics: Famous for Hanging Gardens, legal systems Notable Achievements: Astronomy, mathematics Reason for Decline: Fall to Persia, geopolitical changes - Name: Egyptian Civilization Location: Egypt Approximate Dates: 3100 BC - 30 BC Cultural Characteristics: Pyramids, hieroglyphics Notable Achievements: Architecture, mathematics Reason for Decline: Roman conquest, economic decline - Name: Carthage Location: Tunisia Approximate Dates: 814 BC - 146 BC Cultural Characteristics: Maritime power, trade Notable Achievements: Punic Wars, trade networks Reason for Decline: Defeated by Rome, destruction - Name: Malayan Empire Location: Southeast Asia Approximate Dates: 700 AD - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Maritime trade, Islam influence Notable Achievements: Trade networks, cultural diffusion Reason for Decline: Colonial pressures, economic changes - Name: Chola Dynasty Location: India Approximate Dates: 300 BC - 1279 AD Cultural Characteristics: Maritime power, temple architecture Notable Achievements: Cultural advancements, trade Reason for Decline: Internal conflicts, invasions - Name: Urartu Location: Armenia Approximate Dates: 860 BC - 590 BC Cultural Characteristics: Fortifications, metallurgy Notable Achievements: Architectural achievements, inscriptions Reason for Decline: Conquered by Medes, geopolitical changes - Name: Numidia Location: North Africa Approximate Dates: Numidian Kingdoms before 46 BC Cultural Characteristics: Formidble cavalry, agriculture Notable Achievements: Military tactics, alliances Reason for Decline: Roman conquest, internal divisions - Name: Zhou Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 1046 BC - 256 BC Cultural Characteristics: Feudal states, Confucius arose Notable Achievements: Mandate of Heaven, philosophy Reason for Decline: Internal conflict, warfare - Name: Muisca Confederation Location: Colombia Approximate Dates: 600 AD - 1600 AD Cultural Characteristics: Confederation of tribes, agriculture Notable Achievements: El Dorado legend Reason for Decline: Spanish conquest, societal changes - Name: Nabataean Kingdom Location: Jordan Approximate Dates: 4th century BC - 106 AD Cultural Characteristics: Trade routes, rock-cut architecture Notable Achievements: Petra, trading networks Reason for Decline: Roman annexation, changing trade routes - Name: Mississippian Culture Location: Eastern USA Approximate Dates: 800 AD - 1600 AD Cultural Characteristics: Mound builders, agricultural societies Notable Achievements: Cahokia, trade networks Reason for Decline: European arrival, conflict - Name: Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Location: Easter Island Approximate Dates: 300 AD - 1868 AD Cultural Characteristics: Polynesian culture, moai statues Notable Achievements: Stonework, navigation Reason for Decline: Environmental changes, isolation - Name: Qin Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 221 BC - 206 BC Cultural Characteristics: First Imperial dynasty, Great Wall Notable Achievements: Unified China, centralized state Reason for Decline: Internal conflict, succession crisis - Name: Kirman Empire Location: Iran Approximate Dates: 600 AD - 800 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural confluence and trade Notable Achievements: Metallurgy, architecture Reason for Decline: Steppe nomadic invasions - Name: Macronesian Cultures Location: Pacific Islands Approximate Dates: 1000 BC - ongoing Cultural Characteristics: Maritime trade Notable Achievements: Navigational prowess, art Reason for Decline: Isolation, European arrival - Name: Silla Kingdom Location: Korea Approximate Dates: 57 BC - 935 AD Cultural Characteristics: Buddhism, gold craftsmanship Notable Achievements: Buddhist art, cultural achievements Reason for Decline: Unification of Korea, invasions - Name: Phrygian Kingdom Location: Turkey Approximate Dates: 1200 BC - 700 BC Cultural Characteristics: Independent kingdom, literacy Notable Achievements: Mythology, architecture Reason for Decline: Conquered by Lydians and Greeks - Name: Bactria Location: Central Asia Approximate Dates: 2500 BC - 1200 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural exchange, trade Notable Achievements: Silk Road contributions Reason for Decline: Conquered by various empires - Name: Alans Location: Eurasia Approximate Dates: 1 AD - 500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic pastoralists Notable Achievements: Military prowess, trade connections Reason for Decline: Conquered by Huns and others - Name: Parthian Empire Location: Iran Approximate Dates: 247 BC - 224 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural syncretism, Silk Road trade Notable Achievements: Empire rivaling Rome Reason for Decline: Internal strife, economic decline - Name: Seljuk Empire Location: Middle East Approximate Dates: 1037 AD - 1194 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural renaissance, trade Notable Achievements: Architecture, administration Reason for Decline: Fragmentation, Mongol invasions - Name: Ottoman Empire Location: Turkey Approximate Dates: 1299 AD - 1922 AD Cultural Characteristics: Multi-ethnic empire, trade Notable Achievements: Architecture, administrative systems Reason for Decline: World War I, rise of nationalism - Name: Shang Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 1600 BC - 1046 BC Cultural Characteristics: Early Chinese writing, bronze casting Notable Achievements: Chinese writing system, agriculture Reason for Decline: Overthrown by Zhou - Name: Zulu Kingdom Location: South Africa Approximate Dates: 1816 AD - 1897 AD Cultural Characteristics: Warrior culture, agricultural society Notable Achievements: Military organization, resistance Reason for Decline: Colonial pressures, warfare - Name: Viking Age Society Location: Scandinavia Approximate Dates: 793 AD - 1066 AD Cultural Characteristics: Seafaring warriors, raiders Notable Achievements: Exploration, trade Reason for Decline: Christianization, settlement - Name: Manchu Qing Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 1644 AD - 1912 AD Cultural Characteristics: Last imperial dynasty, multiethnic Notable Achievements: Cultural exchanges, empire Reason for Decline: Revolutions, colonialism - Name: Welsh Kings and Princes Location: Wales Approximate Dates: 5th century AD - 12th century AD Cultural Characteristics: Celtic culture, local governance Notable Achievements: Local wars, culture preservation Reason for Decline: English conquest, fragmentation - Name: Chola Dynasty Location: India Approximate Dates: 300 BC - 1279 AD Cultural Characteristics: Maritime empire, Tamil culture Notable Achievements: Temple architecture, trade Reason for Decline: Invasions, internal strife - Name: Rashidun Caliphate Location: Middle East Approximate Dates: 632 AD - 661 AD Cultural Characteristics: Islamic expansion, administration Notable Achievements: Rapid territorial expansion Reason for Decline: Succession disputes, internal factions - Name: Sassanid Empire Location: Iran Approximate Dates: 224 AD - 651 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural renaissance, trade Notable Achievements: Art, architecture Reason for Decline: Islamic conquest, internal issues - Name: Inuit Culture Location: Arctic regions Approximate Dates: 2000 BC to present Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic lifestyle, sustainable practices Notable Achievements: Hunting technology, art forms Reason for Decline: Climate change, modern pressures - Name: Kushite Kingdom Location: Sudan Approximate Dates: 800 BC - 350 AD Cultural Characteristics: Egyptian influence, pyramids Notable Achievements: Pyramids of Meroe, trade Reason for Decline: Conquered by Aksum, resource depletion - Name: Norse settlements in Vinland Location: North America Approximate Dates: 1000 AD - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Viking culture, agriculture Notable Achievements: Exploration, crafts Reason for Decline: Conflicts with Indigenous populations - Name: Ancient Israel Location: Middle East Approximate Dates: 1200 BC - 500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural and religious influence Notable Achievements: Hebrew Bible, Judaism Reason for Decline: Conquered by empires, diaspora - Name: Creek Confederacy Location: Southern USA Approximate Dates: 1700 AD - 1830 AD Cultural Characteristics: Southeastern Native American culture Notable Achievements: Fur trade, agriculture Reason for Decline: U.S. expansion, forced relocation - Name: Mesoamerican Cultures Location: Central America Approximate Dates: 1500 BC - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Complex societies, pyramids Notable Achievements: Astronomy, calendars Reason for Decline: Conquests and diseases - Name: Albanian Principalities Location: Balkans Approximate Dates: 12th century AD - 15th century AD Cultural Characteristics: Medieval culture Notable Achievements: Resistance against Ottomans Reason for Decline: Ottoman conquests, fragmentation - Name: Uralic Sami Culture Location: Northern Europe Approximate Dates: Prehistoric - ongoing Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic reindeer herding Notable Achievements: Cultural resilience, music Reason for Decline: Modern pressures, environmental changes - Name: Bosnian Kingdom Location: Bosnia Approximate Dates: Mid 12th century - 1463 AD Cultural Characteristics: Slavic culture, feudal system Notable Achievements: Local governance, cultural flourishing Reason for Decline: Ottoman conquest, fragmentation - Name: Muisca Confederation Location: Colombia Approximate Dates: Pre-Columbian - 16th century AD Cultural Characteristics: Confederation of tribes, agriculture Notable Achievements: Goldsmithing, trade Reason for Decline: Spanish conquest, colonial impacts - Name: Angkor Empire Location: Cambodia Approximate Dates: 802 AD - 1431 AD Cultural Characteristics: Hindu and Buddhist influences Notable Achievements: Angkor Wat, advanced irrigation Reason for Decline: Climate changes, invasions - Name: Sicilian Kingdom Location: Italy Approximate Dates: 1130 AD - 1194 AD Cultural Characteristics: Norman influence, cultural mosaic Notable Achievements: Architectural achievements Reason for Decline: Hohenstaufen succession crisis, strife - Name: Alfonso of Aragon Location: Mediterranean Approximate Dates: 12th century - 15th century Cultural Characteristics: Conqueror, cultural integration Notable Achievements: Multiethnic governance Reason for Decline: Internal conflicts, power shifts - Name: Zapotec Civilization Location: Oaxaca, Mexico Approximate Dates: 700 BC - 1500 AD Cultural Characteristics: Agriculture, city-building Notable Achievements: "Monte Alb\xE1n, monumental architecture" Reason for Decline: Social upheaval, Spanish conquest - Name: Frankish Kingdom Location: Western Europe Approximate Dates: 5th century - 9th century Cultural Characteristics: Feudalism, integration of tribes Notable Achievements: Charlemagne's empire, legal codes Reason for Decline: Fragmentation, invasions - Name: Alanic Society Location: Eurasia Approximate Dates: 1st century - 5th century Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic lifestyle, warrior culture Notable Achievements: Cultured horsemen Reason for Decline: Conquests by competing tribes - Name: Bermudian Civilizations Location: Bermuda Approximate Dates: 1300 AD - 16th century AD Cultural Characteristics: Colonial settlements, agriculture Notable Achievements: Developed agriculture Reason for Decline: Loss to European powers, dispossession - Name: Hutt River Province Location: Australia Approximate Dates: 1970 - 2020 Cultural Characteristics: Micro-nation, anti-centrism Notable Achievements: Self-declared independence Reason for Decline: Legal disputes, dissolution efforts - Name: Ming Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 1368 AD - 1644 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural flourishing, trade Notable Achievements: Great Wall reconstruction, voyages of Zheng He Reason for Decline: Manchu invasions, internal strife - Name: Tang Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 618 AD - 907 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural renaissance, Silk Road trade Notable Achievements: Expansion, cosmopolitan culture Reason for Decline: Revolts, provincial fragmentation - Name: Achaeans Location: Greece Approximate Dates: 1600 BC - 1100 BC Cultural Characteristics: Mycenaean culture, trade Notable Achievements: Linear B writing, early Greek civilization Reason for Decline: Dorian invasion, internal strife - Name: Mauryan Empire Location: India Approximate Dates: 322 BC - 185 BC Cultural Characteristics: First large empire in India Notable Achievements: Ashoka's edicts, trade Reason for Decline: Weak successors, internal conflict - Name: Gothic Kingdoms Location: Europe Approximate Dates: 300 AD - 700 AD Cultural Characteristics: Warlike tribes, migration Notable Achievements: Fall of Western Roman Empire Reason for Decline: Fragmentation, invasions - Name: Skara Brae Location: Orkney, Scotland Approximate Dates: 3100 BC - 2500 BC Cultural Characteristics: Neolithic village, stone structures Notable Achievements: Advanced architecture Reason for Decline: Climate change, abandonment - Name: Sumer Location: Mesopotamia (Iraq) Approximate Dates: 4500 BC - 1900 BC Cultural Characteristics: City-states, cuneiform writing Notable Achievements: First cities, inventions Reason for Decline: Invasions, trade decline - Name: Celtic Tribes Location: Europe Approximate Dates: 1200 BC - Roman Conquest Cultural Characteristics: Druidic culture, tribal societies Notable Achievements: Iron Age, complex societies Reason for Decline: Roman conquest, cultural assimilation - Name: Iberian Peninsula Cultures Location: Spain/Portugal Approximate Dates: Prehistoric - Roman conquest Cultural Characteristics: Diverse tribal cultures Notable Achievements: Trade networks with Mediterranean Reason for Decline: Roman expansion, internal conflicts - Name: Timurid Empire Location: Central Asia Approximate Dates: 1370 AD - 1506 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural revival, architecture Notable Achievements: Timur's conquests, arts Reason for Decline: Fragmentation after Timur's death - Name: Armada of Exploration Location: Various Approximate Dates: 16th century - 18th century Cultural Characteristics: Maritime exploration, colonization Notable Achievements: Mapping of new regions Reason for Decline: Resource depletion, conflicts - Name: Denmark Vikings Location: Scandinavia Approximate Dates: 800 AD - 1100 AD Cultural Characteristics: Seafaring raiders and traders Notable Achievements: Exploration, settlements Reason for Decline: Christianization, cultural change - Name: Huns Location: Eurasia Approximate Dates: 4th century - 5th century Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic conquerors Notable Achievements: Militarism, migration Reason for Decline: Defeated by Germanic tribes - Name: Slavic Principalities Location: Eastern Europe Approximate Dates: 700 AD - 1200 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural blending, feudalism Notable Achievements: Cultural diversity, literature Reason for Decline: Rise of neighboring powers - Name: Mississippian Culture Location: North America Approximate Dates: 800 AD - 1600 AD Cultural Characteristics: Mound-building society Notable Achievements: Trade networks, monumental architecture Reason for Decline: Resource depletion, contact with Europeans - Name: Lombard Kingdom Location: Italy Approximate Dates: 568 AD - 774 AD Cultural Characteristics: Germanic kingdoms, feudal culture Notable Achievements: Integration of Roman and Germanic elements Reason for Decline: Conquered by Franks, assimilation - Name: Turkic Khanates Location: Eurasia Approximate Dates: 600 AD - 1200 AD Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic lifestyle, military structure Notable Achievements: Cultural exchanges along Silk Road Reason for Decline: Mongol invasions, fragmentation - Name: Yaqui Tribe Location: Mexico Approximate Dates: Pre-Columbian - present Cultural Characteristics: Agricultural societies, resistance Notable Achievements: Strong spiritual beliefs, customs Reason for Decline: Colonial impacts, modern pressures - Name: Brahmin Estates Location: India Approximate Dates: Ancient times - ongoing Cultural Characteristics: Hindu traditions, priestly roles Notable Achievements: Religious and cultural preservation Reason for Decline: Modern challenges, reforms - Name: Unknown West African Kingdoms Location: West Africa Approximate Dates: Pre-colonial times Cultural Characteristics: Diverse tribal cultures, rich traditions Notable Achievements: Trade, artistic contributions Reason for Decline: Colonial disruptions, resource exploitation - Name: Peaceful Utterlike Society Location: Eurasia Approximate Dates: 2500 BC - 2000 BC Cultural Characteristics: Largely social structures, self-sufficiency Notable Achievements: Cultural resilience, innovation Reason for Decline: Displacement, environmental changes - Name: Lapita Culture Location: Oceania Approximate Dates: 1600 BC - 500 BC Cultural Characteristics: Maritime voyaging, pottery Notable Achievements: Cultural foundation of Polynesia Reason for Decline: Climate effects, cultural shifts - Name: Mi'kmaq Nation Location: Canada Approximate Dates: Precolonial - ongoing Cultural Characteristics: Indigenous governance, sustainable practices Notable Achievements: Ecological knowledge, adaptability Reason for Decline: Colonial impact, demographic changes - Name: Cossack Hetmanate Location: Ukraine Approximate Dates: 17th century - 18th century Cultural Characteristics: Military culture, autonomy Notable Achievements: Anti-imperialism, cultural legacy Reason for Decline: Russian expansion, integration - Name: Carolingian Empire Location: Western Europe Approximate Dates: 800 AD - 888 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural renaissance, feudalism Notable Achievements: Cultural unification under Charlemagne Reason for Decline: Fragmentation after Charlemagne - Name: Viking Greenlands Location: Greenland Approximate Dates: 800 AD - 1300 AD Cultural Characteristics: Norse cultural heritage, farming Notable Achievements: Settlements, seafaring Reason for Decline: Climate change, isolation - Name: Quechua Culture Location: Peru Approximate Dates: Prehistoric - present Cultural Characteristics: Andean civilization, agriculture Notable Achievements: Textile arts, agricultural practices Reason for Decline: Modern economic challenges - Name: Scythian Culture Location: Eurasia Approximate Dates: 800 BC - 200 AD Cultural Characteristics: Nomadic warrior society, horseback riding Notable Achievements: Art, trade networks Reason for Decline: Pressure from invasions, assimilation - Name: Ottoman Empire Location: Turkey Approximate Dates: 1299 AD - 1922 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural diversity, imperial governance Notable Achievements: Architecture, trade Reason for Decline: Nationalism, World War I - Name: Maori Culture Location: New Zealand Approximate Dates: Polynesian settlement - present Cultural Characteristics: Agricultural and maritime societies Notable Achievements: Oral traditions, language preservation Reason for Decline: Colonial impact, modern challenges - Name: Babylonian Civilization Location: Mesopotamia (Iraq) Approximate Dates: 1894 BC - 539 BC Cultural Characteristics: Significant in early civilization, trade Notable Achievements: Hammurabi's Code, ziggurats Reason for Decline: Conquered, trade disruptions - Name: Fremantle Society Location: Australia Approximate Dates: 1840 - 1900 Cultural Characteristics: Colonial settlement culture Notable Achievements: Architectural developments, maritime trade Reason for Decline: Displacement, modern shifts - Name: Persian Empire Location: Iran Approximate Dates: 550 BC - 330 BC Cultural Characteristics: Largest empire, cultural achievements Notable Achievements: Royal Road, Persepolis Reason for Decline: Conquests, administrative difficulties - Name: Chaco Culture Location: North America Approximate Dates: 850 AD - 1150 AD Cultural Characteristics: Pueblo culture, advanced astronomy Notable Achievements: Cultural and trade networks Reason for Decline: Climate factors, resource depletion - Name: Three Kingdoms of Korea Location: Korea Approximate Dates: 1st century BC - 7th century AD Cultural Characteristics: Cultural exchange, rivalry Notable Achievements: Buddhism, military conflict Reason for Decline: Unification, external pressures - Name: Sevran-Villes Location: France Approximate Dates: Late 20th century Cultural Characteristics: Post-colonial settlements Notable Achievements: Diversified communities Reason for Decline: Economic pressures, local conflicts - Name: Late Neolithic Society Location: Southeast Asia Approximate Dates: 4500 BC - 3000 BC Cultural Characteristics: Gathering and agriculture Notable Achievements: Cultural foundations, trade Reason for Decline: Rural to urban shifts - Name: Fraudulent Decadent Society Location: Pacific Islands Approximate Dates: 19th century Cultural Characteristics: Cultural encounters, colonization Notable Achievements: Assimilation of outside cultures Reason for Decline: Split identities in modernity - Name: Mayapan Location: Yucatan, Mexico Approximate Dates: 1200-1450 AD Cultural Characteristics: Maya city-state Notable Achievements: Cultural and trade hub Reason for Decline: Political strife, environmental changes - Name: Teotihuacan Location: Mexico Approximate Dates: 150 BC - 650 AD Cultural Characteristics: Cosmopolitan society, cultural center Notable Achievements: Pyramid of the Sun, urban planning Reason for Decline: Internal conflict, resource depletion - Name: Ammonite Civilization Location: Jordan Approximate Dates: Prehistoric - 5th century BC Cultural Characteristics: Ancient tribal societies, nomadic Notable Achievements: Resistance against empires, trade Reason for Decline: Decline through conquest, assimilation - Name: Gallienus Feudal Kingdoms Location: Europe Approximate Dates: Post Roman Empire - ongoing Cultural Characteristics: Tribal governance, feudalism Notable Achievements: Local powers resisted centralization Reason for Decline: Fragmentation, conquest - Name: Manchu Qing Dynasty Location: China Approximate Dates: 1644 AD - 1912 AD Cultural Characteristics: Multi-ethnic empire, trade Notable Achievements: Silk and porcelain trade, administrative systems Reason for Decline: Decline due to revolutions and modernization - Name: Sidama Kingdom Location: Ethiopia Approximate Dates: Pre-20th century Cultural Characteristics: Traditional culture, agriculture Notable Achievements: Cultural practices and systems Reason for Decline: Colonial pressures, modern influences