Afrikaans |
South Africa |
West Germanic |
Official |
Derived from Dutch; has many loanwords from Malay and indigenous languages. |
Latin |
Albanian |
Albania |
Independent |
Official |
Distinctive use of Tosk and Gheg dialects. |
Latin |
Arabic |
Various (Middle East, North Africa) |
Semitic |
Official |
Complex script and rich literature with significant religious texts. |
Abjad |
Armenian |
Armenia |
Indo-European |
Official |
Rich tradition of music and dance, particularly the folk style. |
Armenian |
Basque |
Spain, France |
Language isolate |
Official in some regions |
Unique pre-Roman heritage with distinct traditions. |
Latin |
Bengali |
Bangladesh, India |
Indo-Aryan |
Official in Bangladesh |
Holidays like Pohela Boishakh celebrate the Bengali New Year. |
Bengali |
Bosnian |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
South Slavic |
Official |
Cultural identity intertwined with Islamic traditions and Ottoman history. |
Latin |
Bulgarian |
Bulgaria |
South Slavic |
Official |
Famous for its folk music and dances, particularly the horo. |
Cyrillic |
Catalan |
Spain, Andorra |
Romance |
Official in Catalonia and Andorra |
Famed for its modernist architecture and festive culture. |
Latin |
Chinese (Mandarin) |
China |
Sino-Tibetan |
Official |
Rich calligraphy and traditional festivals like Chinese New Year. |
Logographic |
Czech |
Czech Republic |
West Slavic |
Official |
Distinctive folk traditions, especially in music and dance. |
Latin |
Danish |
Denmark |
North Germanic |
Official |
Known for its unique design and modern architecture. |
Latin |
Dutch |
Netherlands, Belgium |
West Germanic |
Official |
Strong influence of merchant culture and art, e.g., Dutch Golden Age. |
Latin |
English |
United Kingdom, USA, etc. |
West Germanic |
Official in several countries |
Home of distinct literary heritage, particularly Shakespeare. |
Latin |
Estonian |
Estonia |
Uralic |
Official |
Rich in mythology and folk tales, especially in song festivals. |
Latin |
Finnish |
Finland |
Uralic |
Official |
Unique sauna culture and rich folklore traditions. |
Latin |
French |
France, Canada, etc. |
Romance |
Official in several countries |
Renowned for its fashion, cuisine, and arts. |
Latin |
German |
Germany, Austria, Switzerland |
West Germanic |
Official in several countries |
Known for its philosophical heritage and Oktoberfest. |
Latin |
Greek |
Greece |
Indo-European |
Official |
Rich mythology and ancient history, famous for the Olympics. |
Greek |
Hebrew |
Israel |
Afro-Asiatic |
Official |
Strong cultural connection to religious practices and history. |
Hebrew |
Hindi |
India |
Indo-Aryan |
Official |
Diverse regional festivals and traditions connected to Bollywood. |
Devanagari |
Hungarian |
Hungary |
Uralic |
Official |
Unique folklore and traditions, particularly in folk music. |
Latin |
Icelandic |
Iceland |
North Germanic |
Official |
Preservation of medieval culture and sagas, unique Norse mythology. |
Latin |
Indonesian |
Indonesia |
Austronesian |
Official |
Diverse cultures and traditional ceremonies, known for batik. |
Latin |
Irish |
Ireland |
Goidelic |
Official |
Rich in folklore, music, and traditional dance like the jig. |
Latin |
Italian |
Italy |
Romance |
Official |
Known for its art, music, and Florence's Renaissance heritage. |
Latin |
Japanese |
Japan |
Japonic |
Official |
Unique aesthetics in art and design, cherry blossom festivals. |
Logographic, Kana |
Javanese |
Indonesia |
Austronesian |
Regional |
Rich in court culture with traditional dances and ceremonies. |
Latin |
Kazakh |
Kazakhstan |
Turkic |
Official |
Strong oral tradition and rich in horse culture, particularly kokpar. |
Cyrillic, Latin |
Korean |
South Korea, North Korea |
Language isolate |
Official |
Famous for its traditional dress (hanbok) and cuisine. |
Hangul |
Kurdish |
Iraq, Turkey, etc. |
Indo-European |
Official in regions |
Distinctive cultural ceremonies, particularly Newroz. |
Latin, Arabic |
Latvian |
Latvia |
Baltic |
Official |
Rich in folklore, particularly in songs and dances. |
Latin |
Lithuanian |
Lithuania |
Baltic |
Official |
Famous for its folk arts and the summer solstice festival, Užgavėnės. |
Latin |
Malay |
Malaysia, Indonesia |
Austronesian |
Official in Malaysia |
Known for colorful festivals and the tradition of batik. |
Latin |
Macedonian |
North Macedonia |
South Slavic |
Official |
Cultural heritage showcases folk dances and music traditions. |
Cyrillic |
Mandarin |
China |
Sino-Tibetan |
Official |
Central to Chinese art, philosophy, and traditional medicine. |
Logographic |
Norwegian |
Norway |
North Germanic |
Official |
Rich in folklore, particularly trolls and traditional Viking heritage. |
Latin |
Persian (Farsi) |
Iran |
Indo-European |
Official |
Famed for its poetry and famous contributions to art and architecture. |
Persian |
Polish |
Poland |
West Slavic |
Official |
Known for its vibrant folk music and historical festivals. |
Latin |
Portuguese |
Portugal, Brazil |
Romance |
Official in several countries |
Strong connection to exploration and diverse cultural influences. |
Latin |
Romanian |
Romania |
Romance |
Official |
Rich in folklore and traditions like the Mărțișor holiday. |
Latin |
Russian |
Russia |
East Slavic |
Official |
Famous for its literature and ballet culture. |
Cyrillic |
Scottish Gaelic |
Scotland |
Goidelic |
Recognized minority language |
Rich in music, especially bagpipes, and folklore. |
Latin |
Serbian |
Serbia |
South Slavic |
Official |
Cultural identity tied to traditional dance and music. |
Cyrillic, Latin |
Spanish |
Spain, Latin America |
Romance |
Official in many countries |
Renowned for its literature, art, and vibrant festivals like La Tomatina. |
Latin |
Swahili |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Niger-Congo |
Official |
Rich in diverse cultures, known for oral literature and music. |
Latin |
Swedish |
Sweden |
North Germanic |
Official |
Known for its design and cultural festivals such as Midsummer. |
Latin |
Thai |
Thailand |
Tai-Kadai |
Official |
Rich in festivals, known for its traditional dance and food culture. |
Thai |
Turkish |
Turkey |
Turkic |
Official |
Distinct cultural identity connected to the Ottoman legacy. |
Latin |
Ukrainian |
Ukraine |
East Slavic |
Official |
Rich in cultural traditions, including folk dances and music. |
Cyrillic |
Vietnamese |
Vietnam |
Austroasiatic |
Official |
Distinctive Tet festival celebrating the Lunar New Year. |
Latin |
Welsh |
Wales |
Celtic |
Official |
Known for its bardic traditions and eisteddfod festivals. |
Latin |
Yoruba |
Nigeria |
Niger-Congo |
Official in some regions |
Rich in oral traditions and vibrant festivals like Eyo. |
Latin |
Zulu |
South Africa |
Niger-Congo |
Official |
Known for its unique beadwork and cultural ceremonies. |
Latin |
Xhosa |
South Africa |
Niger-Congo |
Official |
Rich in oral traditions, especially storytelling. |
Latin |
Quechua |
Peru, Bolivia |
Quechuan |
Official in some regions |
Strong cultural practices in music and textile arts. |
Latin |
Tagalog |
Philippines |
Austronesian |
Official |
Celebration of festivals like Sinulog and unique folk practices. |
Latin |
Sami |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Uralic |
Official in Sami regions |
Rich in reindeer herding culture and unique music (joik). |
Latin |
Aragonese |
Spain |
Romance |
Regional |
Distinct local festivals and traditions, particularly in rural areas. |
Latin |
Asturleonese |
Spain |
Romance |
Regional |
Heritage includes vibrant folk songs and traditional dances. |
Latin |
Manx |
Isle of Man |
Goidelic |
Revived |
Distinct cultural identity with music and folklore. |
Latin |
Galician |
Spain |
Romance |
Regional |
Rich in traditions and connection to Celtic roots in music. |
Latin |
Bretón |
France |
Celtic |
Regional |
Cultural identity connected to folk music and dance. |
Latin |
Occitan |
France, Italy, Spain |
Romance |
Regional |
Famed for its literature and traditional music culture. |
Latin |
Luxembourgish |
Luxembourg |
West Germanic |
Official |
Cultural identity tied to local customs and folklore. |
Latin |
Scottish English |
Scotland |
West Germanic |
Regional |
Influence of Scottish heritage in music and literature. |
Latin |
Burmese |
Myanmar |
Sino-Tibetan |
Official |
Rich cultural festivals like Thingyan (water festival). |
Burmese |
Flemish |
Belgium |
West Germanic |
Regional |
Connection to paintings and heritage of Flanders. |
Latin |
Samogitian |
Lithuania |
Baltic |
Regional |
Distinctive traditions in crafts and music. |
Latin |
Romani |
Widely dispersed |
Indo-Aryan |
Stateless |
Rich in oral traditions and unique cultural practices. |
Latin |
Sicilian |
Italy |
Romance |
Regional |
Rich in folklore, especially in festivals and agrarian practices. |
Latin |
Emilian-Romagnol |
Italy |
Romance |
Regional |
Strong folk traditions and dialectal expressions. |
Latin |
Romansch |
Switzerland |
Romance |
Official in some regions |
Rich in folklore and traditions related to Alpine culture. |
Latin |
Haitian Creole |
Haiti |
Creole |
Official |
Influence of African and French cultures in music and dance. |
Latin |
Tok Pisin |
Papua New Guinea |
Creole |
Official |
Unique blending of diverse indigenous cultures and languages. |
Latin |
Kreyòl |
Cambodia, Dominican Republic |
Creole |
Regional |
Strong influence of local traditions and festivals. |
Latin |
Chavacano |
Philippines |
Creole |
Regional |
Blend of Spanish and indigenous cultures, with unique customs. |
Latin |
Maltese |
Malta |
Semitic |
Official |
Rich in history, influenced by various Mediterranean cultures. |
Latin |
Swahili (Coastal) |
East Africa |
Niger-Congo |
Official |
Unique in blending African and Arabic cultural elements. |
Latin |
Albino |
Albania |
Indo-European |
Minority |
Preservation of ancient customs, folklore, and textiles. |
Latin |
Sona |
Ghana |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Rich in oral traditions and cultural ceremonies. |
Latin |
Mandingo |
Mali |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Strong in oral history and cultural practices related to music. |
Latin |
Twi |
Ghana |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Famous for its proverbs and cultural festivals. |
Latin |
Kiswahili |
Tanzania |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Connection to diverse cultural practices and celebrations. |
Latin |
Māori |
New Zealand |
Austronesian |
Official |
Rich in traditions, particularly in art and performing arts. |
Latin |
Samoan |
Samoa |
Austronesian |
Official |
Strong cultural practices related to family and community. |
Latin |
Cantonese |
China, Hong Kong |
Sino-Tibetan |
Regional |
Distinctive festivals and local cuisine, known for dim sum. |
Logographic |
Uighur |
China (Xinjiang) |
Turkic |
Official |
Unique blend of Turkic and Central Asian cultures, music tradition. |
Arabic |
Chichewa |
Malawi |
Niger-Congo |
Official |
Strong in traditional ceremonies and oral literature. |
Latin |
Fijian |
Fiji |
Austronesian |
Official |
Rich in ceremonies and traditional meke dances. |
Latin |
Chamorro |
Guam |
Austronesian |
Official |
Unique cultural identity and practices, especially in festivals. |
Latin |
Tongan |
Tonga |
Austronesian |
Official |
Known for strong traditions and unique cultural celebrations. |
Latin |
Inuktitut |
Canada (Inuit regions) |
Eskimo-Aleut |
Official |
Rich in oral stories and traditions related to nature and survival. |
Syllabics |
Bribri |
Costa Rica, Panama |
Chibchan |
Indigenous |
Connection to traditional farming and spirituality. |
Latin |
Guarani |
Paraguay |
Guarani |
Official |
Rich in folklore and connection to spiritual practices. |
Latin |
Aymara |
Bolivia, Peru |
Aymaran |
Indigenous |
Rich in agricultural traditions and cultural practices. |
Latin |
Navajo |
United States |
Athabaskan |
Indigenous |
Unique in storytelling traditions and connection to land. |
Latin |
Quechua, II |
Peru |
Quechuan |
Indigenous |
Connection to Andean culture and traditional farming practices. |
Latin |
Saami, Northern |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Uralic |
Indigenous |
Unique reindeer herding traditions and ceremonies. |
Latin |
Suri |
Brazil |
Tucanoan |
Indigenous |
Distinctive festive traditions connected to nature and spirituality. |
Latin |
Kuku Yalanji |
Australia |
Pama-Nyungan |
Indigenous |
Rich in environmental knowledge and cultural practices. |
Latin |
Warlpiri |
Australia |
Pama-Nyungan |
Indigenous |
Unique relationship to land and traditional cultural practices. |
Latin |
Tigrinya |
Eritrea, Ethiopia |
Afro-Asiatic |
Official |
Strong connection to ancient civilizations and rich oral tradition. |
Ge'ez |
Somali |
Somalia |
Afro-Asiatic |
Official |
Strong oral traditions and poetry, with distinct cultural festivals. |
Latin |
Basa |
Cameroon |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Rich in cultural practices and oral traditions. |
Latin |
Kikuyu |
Kenya |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Distinctive cultural practices and storytelling traditions. |
Latin |
Emberá |
Panama |
Chibchan |
Indigenous |
Unique in their rain forest rituals and cultural expressions. |
Latin |
Kuna |
Panama |
Arawakan |
Indigenous |
Known for their beautiful molas and vibrant cultural celebrations. |
Latin |
African American Vernacular English |
USA |
English |
Dialect |
Cultural identity tied to music (jazz, hip-hop) and oral history. |
Latin |
Cherokee |
USA |
Iroquoian |
Indigenous |
Unique customs and revitalization efforts of language and tradition. |
Latin |
Alaska Native Languages |
USA |
Eskimo-Aleut |
Indigenous |
Rich cultural practices connected to the Arctic environment. |
Latin |
Ahmadiyya |
Pakistan |
Indo-Aryan |
Religious community |
Cultural festivals and unique interpretations of Islamic teachings. |
Latin |
Redneck English |
USA |
English |
Dialect |
Cultural identity tied to rural traditions and lifestyle. |
Latin |
Chinantec |
Mexico |
Mixe-Zoque |
Indigenous |
Rich in music and connection to traditional crafts. |
Latin |
Tzotzil |
Mexico |
Mayan |
Indigenous |
Known for unique textile arts and traditional ceremonies. |
Latin |
Shuar |
Ecuador |
Jivaroan |
Indigenous |
Rich in shamanistic traditions and vibrant festivals. |
Latin |
Cirومة |
Namibia |
Khoe |
Indigenous |
Known for unique nomadic lifestyle and oral traditions. |
Latin |
Tuu |
Namibia |
Khoe |
Indigenous |
Cultural connection to wildlife and natural environment. |
Latin |
Zarma |
Niger |
Niger-Congo |
Regional |
Rich in oral traditions and festivals celebrating harvests. |
Latin |
Hmong |
China, Vietnam, Laos |
Hmong-Mien |
Indigenous |
Strong connection to folklore and cultural practices. |
Latin |