The dataset consists of scientific theories related to gravitational physics and their respective characteristics. Each entry provides insights into the name of the theory, its type, the year it was proposed, key contributors, a brief summary of the theory, its experimental support, and theories that are related.
| Theory Name | Hypothesis Type | Proposed Year | Key Scientists | Summary | Experimental Support | Related Theories |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| String Theory | Quantum Gravity | 1970s | Leonard Susskind, Holger Bech Nielsen | String theory posits that particles are one-dimensional strings rather than point-like objects. | Indirectly supported through various predictions like black hole entropy. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Loop Quantum Gravity | Quantum Gravity | 1980s | Carlo Rovelli, Lee Smolin | Suggests that space is quantized and made of finite loops rather than continuous fabric. | No direct experimental support yet; focuses on mathematical consistency. | String Theory |
| Graviton Exchange | Particle Physics | 1970s | Richard Feynman, Steven Weinberg | Proposes that gravity propagates via hypothetical massless particles called gravitons. | Supported by quantum field theory but no direct evidence yet. | Quantum Field Theory |
| Gravity as Geometry | General Relativity Extension | 1915 | Albert Einstein | Gravity is a result of the curvature of spacetime caused by mass. | Widely accepted through experimental evidence like light bending around stars. | Graviton Hypothesis |
| M-Theory | Unified Theory | 1995 | Edward Witten | An extension of string theory that includes 11 dimensions and unifies all string theories. | Theoretical framework; not yet experimentally proven. | String Theory |
| Supergravity | Supersymmetry | 1976 | S. Ferrara, D. Z. Freedman | Combines supersymmetry with general relativity, predicting a graviton as a superpartner of the graviton. | Lacks experimental support; theoretical basis is strong. | String Theory |
| Hawking Radiation | Black Hole Physics | 1974 | Stephen Hawking | Suggests that black holes emit radiation due to quantum effects near their event horizons, potentially involving gravitons. | Indirectly supported by theories but no observation of black holes yet. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Quantum Loop Gravity | Quantum Gravity | 1990 | Carlo Rovelli, Lee Smolin | Proposes space is quantized and gravitational waves consist of loops of quantum space. | No experimental confirmation; primarily a theoretical model. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Perturbative Gravity | Quantum Field Theory | 1960s | Feynman, DeWitt | Attempts to treat gravity as a perturbative field theory, making use of gravitons. | Low energy predictions agree with classical gravity; high-energy behavior remains elusive. | Quantum Field Theory |
| Emergent Gravity | Theoretical Physics | 2010s | Erik Verlinde | Proposes that gravity is not a fundamental force but an emergent phenomenon from quantum entanglement. | Not experimentally confirmed; still a developing field of thought. | Quantum Gravity |
| Noncommutative Geometry | Mathematical Physics | 1980s | Alain Connes | Uses noncommutative geometry to explain gravity and quantum phenomena, potentially involving gravitons. | Mostly theoretical and lacks experimental verification. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Gauge Theory of Gravity | Field Theory | 1980s | Kobayashi, Nakanishi | Attempts to formulate gravity in the perspective of gauge theories, possibly leading to graviton-like behavior. | Developments in theoretical physics but no direct experimental proof. | Quantum Field Theory |
| Quantum Foam | Quantum Gravity | 1970s | John Wheeler | Describes the fabric of spacetime at Planck scale, where fluctuations could involve gravitons. | Not directly observable; speculative theory awaiting developments. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Brane Worlds | Higher Dimensional Theories | 1998 | Lisa Randall, Raman Sundrum | Suggests our 3D universe is a brane within a higher-dimensional space, influencing gravitational behavior. | Indirect observations, like cosmological behavior, are being debated. | String Theory |
| Simplicial Quantum Gravity | Geometric Approach | 1980s | Regge, Chern-Simons | Models gravity using simplicial complexes and might lead to graviton-like structures. | Theoretical framework with ongoing research; experimental links remain tenuous. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Quantum Gravity Foam | Theory of Quantum Gravity | 1980s | John Archibald Wheeler | Posits that spacetime is incredibly turbulent at the quantum level, potentially revealing gravitons. | Not experimentally confirmed; purely theoretical concept. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Fractal Spacetime | Quantum Gravity | 1990s | Michael Nielsen | Proposes that the spacetime fabric is fractal and this topology could involve gravitons. | Theoretical speculation, awaiting observational backing. | Quantum Foam |
| Tensor Networks and Gravity | Quantum Information Theory | 2010s | Verlinde et al. | Uses tensor networks to understand quantum gravity, suggesting connections to graviton behavior. | Still theoretical with examination ongoing. | Quantum Information Theory |
| Quantum Gravity via Causal Sets | Theory of Quantum Gravity | 1990s | Rafael Sorkin | Poses that spacetime is made of a discrete set of events, potentially altering graviton dynamics. | No experimental proof; mainly theoretical exploration. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| AdS/CFT Correspondence | Theoretical Physics | 1997 | Juan Maldacena | Equates a theory of gravity in a space with a quantum field theory on the boundary, hinting at graviton implications. | Currently theoretical; significant implications but lacking direct tests. | String Theory |
| Torsion in Gravity | Modified Gravity | 1940s | Élie Cartan | Involves torsion effects within spacetime potentially affecting graviton interactions. | Speculative; lacks experimental evidence in current theories. | Alternative Gravity Theories |
| Hidden Dimensions | String Theory | 1980s | Kaluza, Klein | Postulates extra hidden dimensions that might influence gravitational interactions via gravitons. | No experimental proofs yet; theoretical basis continues to grow. | String Theory |
| Black Hole Information Paradox | Quantum Information Theory | 1970s | Stephen Hawking, Gary Horowitz | Suggests issues with information retention in black holes, potentially linking to graviton dynamics. | Debated; pending further investigation and observations. | Quantum Gravity |
| Thermal States and Gravity | Quantum Field Theory | 1990s | Unruh, Hawking | Examines thermodynamic properties of gravitation, including effects of gravitons at thermal scales. | No concrete experimental backing; conceptual exploration. | Quantum Statistical Mechanics |
| Entanglement and Gravity | Quantum Information Theory | 2000s | Renyi, Einstein | Explores how quantum entanglement might affect gravitational interactions, particularly involving gravitons. | Speculative; ongoing discussions exist. | Quantum Mechanics |
| Quantum Gravity and Information | Quantum Information Flow | 2000s | Leonard Susskind | Proposes links between quantum gravity and information flow, potentially implicating gravitons. | Still a theoretical framework without direct experimental data. | Quantum Gravity |
| Fuzzball Theory | String Theory | 2000s | Samir Mathur | Describes black holes as 'fuzzy' objects with their entropy explained via strings, involving gravitons. | No experimental support; remains a theoretical endeavor. | String Theory |
| Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) | Alternative Gravity | 1983 | Milgrom | Attempts to explain galactic rotation without dark matter and might imply changes in graviton interaction. | No mainstream acceptance; highly debated in scientific communities. | Alternative Gravity Theories |
| Teleparallel Gravity | Modified Gravity | 1990s | Einstein | Frames gravity in terms of torsion rather than curvature, positing changes in expected graviton behaviors. | Primarily theoretical; experimental backing remains scant. | Alternative Gravity Theories |
| Gravity's Rainbow | Quantum Gravity | 2001 | Magueijo, Smolin | Proposes that the speed of light is variable at very high energies, affecting the behavior of gravitons. | Theoretical basis vs. experimental data; ongoing discussions. | Quantum Gravity |
| Quantum Field Theory on Curved Spacetime | Quantum Gravity | 1960s | Birrell, Davies | Defines quantum fields in curved spacetime relevant for graviton interactions. | Well-studied with some indirect experimental confirmation. | General Relativity |
| Relational Quantum Mechanics | Quantum Mechanics | 1995 | Carlo Rovelli | Posits that quantum mechanics is relational; this could influence graviton dynamics under certain conditions. | Still a theoretical construct; no direct experimental evidence yet. | Quantum Gravity |
| Quantum Gravity and Cosmology | Cosmological Models | 2000s | Bojowald | Examines how quantum gravity could modify the early universe's expansion, potentially involving gravitons. | Theoretical implications without current experimental validation. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Group Field Theory | Quantum Gravity | 2000s | Oriti, Livine | A framework that posits that spacetime is constructed from elementary building blocks, potentially leading to gravitons. | Still a developing theoretical program; lacks experimental grounding. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Symmetry in Gravity | Quantum Gravity | 1990s | Bardek et al. | Involves symmetrical properties within the gravitational field which could modify graviton's role. | Primarily theoretical; awaits observational tests. | Quantum Field Theory |
| Path Integral Formulation of Gravity | Quantum Gravity | 1980s | Feynman, Hawking | Utilizes path integrals to incorporate gravity into quantum mechanics, hinting at graviton dynamics. | Theoretical; lacks experimental validation in multiple dimensions. | Quantum Gravity |
| Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Under Gravity | Quantum Mechanics | 1970s | Rocco, Revnivtsev | Analyzes how gravity alters the behavior of harmonic oscillators, hinting at graviton influence. | Independently tested via quantum mechanics experiments; links still tenuous. | Quantum Field Theory |
| Gravity and Simplicity | Geometric Theory | 1990s | Kauffman, Mazur | Considers how gravity could emerge from simpler systems, perhaps indicating new graviton-like particles. | Still in the exploratory phase; very few experimental connections exist. | Quantum Gravity |
| Thermodynamics of Black Holes | Black Hole Physics | 1974 | Stephen Hawking | Implies that black hole thermodynamics hint at structural dynamics involving gravitons. | Attempts at verification through observational cosmology; debated outcomes. | Loop Quantum Gravity |
| Instantons and Gravitons | Quantum Field Theory | 1980s | Gibbons, Hawking | Examines role of instantons in the quantum gravity framework, potentially influencing graviton characteristics. | Experimental support is absent; primarily theoretical contemplation. | Quantum Field Theory |
| Nonlinear Gravity | Modified Gravity | 1990s | B. M. V. G. | Studies how nonlinear aspects of gravity may reveal new particle interactions, possibly involving gravitons. | Still theoretical; awaiting comprehensive validation. | Alternative Gravity Theories |
| Gravity from Quantum Information | Quantum Information Theory | 2020s | Connes, Susskind | Proposes gravity emerges from quantum information interactions, potentially involving gravitons. | Emergent theories await experimental tests; discussions ongoing. | Quantum Mechanics |
| Continuous Spacetime Hypothesis | Mathematical Physics | 2010s | Loll, Ambjorn | Examines spacetime as continuous and how this might implicate interactions of gravitons. | Theoretical conceptions mostly untested; reliant on mathematical frameworks. | Loop Quantum Gravity |