| United States |
Soft Power |
Cultural diplomacy using media and educational exchanges |
Diplomatic |
General Public |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| China |
Economic Aid |
Providing financial support or investment in developing countries |
Persuasive |
Governments |
Strategic |
High |
| France |
Cultural Diplomacy |
Promoting French language and culture through institutes |
Informative |
Students/Professionals |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Russia |
Military Alliances |
Forming military agreements with other nations |
Coercive |
Military Leaders |
Event-based |
High |
| India |
Multilateral Diplomacy |
Engaging in international organizations for collective action |
Collaborative |
Diplomats |
Ongoing |
High |
| Germany |
Trade Agreements |
Negotiating trade deals with other nations |
Economic |
Businesses |
Strategic |
High |
| Brazil |
Regional Cooperation |
Working with neighboring countries for mutual benefits |
Collaborative |
Regional Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Canada |
Bilateral Dialogues |
Direct talks to resolve specific issues with another country |
Negotiative |
Governments |
As needed |
High |
| United Kingdom |
Public Diplomacy |
Using media and outreach to influence foreign public opinion |
Informative |
General Public |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| South Africa |
Peacekeeping Initiatives |
Engaging in international missions to maintain peace |
Coercive |
Military/International Bodies |
Event-based |
High |
| Japan |
Cultural Exchange Programs |
Facilitating exchanges to build friendships and understanding |
Diplomatic |
Students/Artists |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Argentina |
Multicultural Events |
Hosting international festivals to showcase culture |
Informative |
General Public |
Annual |
Moderate |
| Saudi Arabia |
Religious Diplomacy |
Using influence in Islamic realms to enhance ties |
Persuasive |
Muslim Countries |
Ongoing |
High |
| Australia |
Climate Diplomacy |
Promoting collaboration on environmental issues globally |
Collaborative |
International Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Turkey |
Energy Diplomacy |
Leveraging energy resources for geopolitical relations |
Economic |
Governments |
Strategic |
High |
| Mexico |
Migration Diplomacy |
Working with countries to address migration issues |
Negotiative |
Governments |
As needed |
Moderate |
| Indonesia |
Multilateral Forums |
Engaging in discussions in regional and global forums |
Collaborative |
Global Leaders |
Ongoing |
High |
| Israel |
Security Cooperation |
Collaborating on security and defense issues |
Coercive |
Military Allies |
Ongoing |
High |
| Philippines |
Humanitarian Diplomacy |
Providing aid to countries affected by disasters |
Informative |
Affected Countries |
As needed |
High |
| Singapore |
Trade Facilitation |
Creating trade agreements and business networks |
Economic |
Businesses |
Ongoing |
High |
| New Zealand |
Environmental Protection Agreements |
Engaging other nations to combat climate change |
Collaborative |
International Leaders |
Ongoing |
High |
| Sweden |
Human Rights Advocacy |
Promoting human rights through diplomatic channels |
Persuasive |
Global Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Norway |
Mediation in Conflicts |
Acting as a mediator in international disputes |
Negotiative |
Conflicting Parties |
As needed |
High |
| Finland |
Education Diplomacy |
Exporting educational models and systems to other countries |
Informative |
Educational Institutions |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Netherlands |
Water Management Cooperation |
Sharing expertise in water management with other countries |
Collaborative |
Governments |
Ongoing |
High |
| Switzerland |
Neutral Diplomacy |
Acting as an intermediary in global conflicts |
Negotiative |
Conflicting Parties |
As needed |
High |
| South Korea |
Technological Innovation Sharing |
Collaborating on tech advancements with other countries |
Economic |
Businesses |
Ongoing |
High |
| Vietnam |
Market Access Promotion |
Negotiating better access to foreign markets for exports |
Economic |
Businesses |
Strategic |
High |
| Chile |
Sustainable Development Partnerships |
Engaging with nations on sustainable practices |
Collaborative |
International Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Colombia |
Peace Negotiations |
Facilitating peace talks and conflict resolution |
Negotiative |
Warring Parties |
As needed |
High |
| Ukraine |
Support for Sovereignty |
Seeking international support for territorial integrity |
Persuasive |
International Community |
Ongoing |
High |
| Egypt |
Cultural Heritage Diplomacy |
Promoting ancient culture to build international ties |
Informative |
General Public |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Russia |
Information Warfare |
Using media to influence opinions abroad |
Coercive |
General Public |
Ongoing |
High |
| Niger |
Developing Country Partnerships |
Partnering with more developed nations for growth |
Collaborative |
Developed Countries |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Lithuania |
Cybersecurity Cooperation |
Engaging partners in cybersecurity initiatives |
Economic |
Governments |
Ongoing |
High |
| Bangladesh |
Ready-Made Garment Diplomacy |
Promoting RMG sector to improve trade |
Economic |
Business Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Peru |
Indigenous Rights Advocacy |
Engaging global actors on indigenous issues |
Persuasive |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| UAE |
Global Investments |
Using financial investments to build diplomatic relations |
Economic |
Countries in Need |
Ongoing |
High |
| Oman |
Backdoor Diplomacy |
Using quiet negotiations to resolve conflicts |
Negotiative |
Conflicting Countries |
As needed |
High |
| Jordan |
Refugee Diplomacy |
Advocating for assistance in handling refugees |
Persuasive |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Czech Republic |
Historical Diplomacy |
Leveraging historical ties to strengthen relations |
Diplomatic |
General Public |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Malaysia |
Trade and Investment Promotion |
Facilitating trade relations via incentives |
Economic |
Foreign Investors |
Ongoing |
High |
| Angola |
Resource Diplomacy |
Using natural resources to attract foreign partnerships |
Economic |
Investors |
Strategic |
High |
| Armenia |
Diaspora Diplomacy |
Engaging with diaspora for political and economic bonds |
Collaborative |
Diaspora |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Qatar |
World Cup Diplomacy |
Using international events to boost visibility and relations |
Persuasive |
Global Community |
Event-based |
High |
| Slovakia |
EU Integration Support |
Advocating for EU policies and support |
Collaborative |
EU Member States |
Ongoing |
High |
| Estonia |
Digital Diplomacy |
Promoting digital initiatives and e-governance |
Economic |
International Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Georgia |
NATO Partnership |
Engaging with NATO for security cooperation |
Coercive |
Military Powers |
Ongoing |
High |
| Zambia |
Health Diplomacy |
Collaborating on health initiatives with other nations |
Collaborative |
Governments |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Bolivia |
Indigenous Leadership Advocacy |
Promoting indigenous leaders on international platforms |
Persuasive |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Sri Lanka |
Bilateral Economic Cooperation |
Strengthening economic ties with specific nations |
Economic |
Countries |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Sudan |
Negotiated Peace Agreements |
Seeking external help for resolving internal conflicts |
Negotiative |
Conflict Parties |
As needed |
High |
| Morocco |
Climate Action Diplomacy |
Promoting climate change efforts on global platforms |
Persuasive |
Global Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Algeria |
Energy Diplomacy |
Leveraging energy resources in diplomatic engagements |
Economic |
Energy-Dependent Countries |
Strategic |
High |
| Rio de Janeiro |
Cultural Events |
Hosting global cultural festivals to attract tourism |
Informative |
General Public |
Annual |
Moderate |
| Republic of Congo |
Mineral Resource Diplomacy |
Engaging to showcase resource availability for investment |
Economic |
Investors |
Ongoing |
High |
| Nepal |
Himalayan Diplomacy |
Fostering regional partnerships for environmental efforts |
Collaborative |
Regional Countries |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Andorra |
Financial Services Diplomacy |
Attracting foreign capital through tax incentives |
Economic |
Businesses |
Ongoing |
High |
| Panama |
Logistics and Trade Hub Promotion |
Positioning as a logistics leader in the region |
Economic |
Businesses |
Ongoing |
High |
| Bhutan |
Gross National Happiness Promotion |
Framing happiness as a diplomatic initiative |
Persuasive |
General Public |
Ongoing |
Low |
| Latvia |
Flexible Alliance Building |
Dynamically forming alliances based on needs |
Collaborative |
Global Partners |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| North Macedonia |
EU Accession Talks |
Working toward EU membership for integration |
Collaborative |
EU |
Ongoing |
High |
| Mali |
Cultural Heritage and Tourism Promotion |
Leveraging culture for improving tourism ties |
Informative |
Tourists |
Ongoing |
Low |
| Lesotho |
Water Diplomacy |
Partnering over water resource management with neighbors |
Collaborative |
Regional Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| New Caledonia |
Decolonization Advocacy |
Seeking international support for self-determination |
Persuasive |
Global Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Kosovo |
International Recognition Campaign |
Lobbying for state recognition in the global community |
Persuasive |
UN Members |
Ongoing |
High |
| Vanuatu |
Disaster Risk Management Diplomacy |
Promoting disaster preparedness and aid |
Informative |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Zimbabwe |
Land Reform Diplomacy |
Engaging on land rights and reforms in diplomacy |
Negotiative |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Myanmar |
Civil Rights Advocacy |
Highlighting human rights situations for international attention |
Persuasive |
Global Community |
Ongoing |
High |
| Honduras |
Migration Talks |
Negotiating migration issues with neighboring countries |
Negotiative |
Governments |
As needed |
Moderate |
| Iraq |
Rebuilding Diplomacy |
Engaging foreign nations in rebuilding efforts |
Collaborative |
Developed Nations |
Ongoing |
High |
| Tanzania |
Bilateral Trade Initiatives |
Encouraging trade agreements with exporting partners |
Economic |
Businesses |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Somalia |
International Aid Coordination |
Working with global actors for aid distribution |
Collaborative |
International NGOs |
As needed |
High |
| Comoros |
Tourism Promotion Diplomacy |
Engaging in cultural tourism initiatives to attract visitors |
Informative |
Tourists |
Ongoing |
Low |
| Kiribati |
Success in Climate Resilience Sorties |
Collaborating with nations for climate resilience initiatives |
Collaborative |
Global Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Senegal |
Celebrating Arts and Culture Globally |
Fostering international arts events to build rapport |
Informative |
Artists/Public |
Annual |
Moderate |
| Republic of the Congo |
Mining Diplomacy |
Enhancing investment in mining sectors relevant for trade |
Economic |
Investors |
Strategic |
High |
| Brunei |
ASEAN Diplomacy |
Promoting ASEAN objectives through partnerships and projects |
Collaborative |
Regional Partners |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Lesotho |
Rural Development Initiatives |
Establishing partnerships for rural development support |
Collaborative |
NGOs |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Seychelles |
Marine Conservation Diplomacy |
Engaging on ocean health and fisheries management |
Collaborative |
International Leaders |
Ongoing |
High |
| Eswatini |
Cultural Diplomacy through Sports |
Using sporting events to promote culture and connections |
Informative |
General Public |
Event-based |
Moderate |
| Timor-Leste |
International Observer Engagement |
Working on transparency and observation in elections |
Persuasive |
International Observers |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Papua New Guinea |
Resource Sharing Diplomacy |
Collaborating on resource development with other nations |
Economic |
Investors |
Strategic |
High |
| Turkmenistan |
Neutrality Diplomacy |
Promoting a neutral stance in international disputes |
Negotiative |
Global Community |
Ongoing |
High |
| Solomon Islands |
Island State Diplomacy |
Advocating for small island nation issues globally |
Persuasive |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Malta |
Small State Advocacy |
Promoting the interests of small nations in international forums |
Persuasive |
Global Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Fiji |
Peacekeeping and Aid |
Participating in peacekeeping missions and aid distribution |
Coercive |
International Organizations |
Event-based |
High |
| Barbados |
Caribbean Unity Advocacy |
Promoting Caribbean unity in international relations |
Collaborative |
Regional Partners |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Swaziland |
Tourism as a Diplomatic Tool |
Marketing tourism for diplomatic engagement |
Informative |
Tourists |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Belize |
Wildlife Protection Diplomacy |
Creating partnerships for environmental conservation |
Collaborative |
International Organizations |
Ongoing |
High |
| Gambia |
Transitional Justice Diplomacy |
Promoting justice and reconciliation processes internationally |
Persuasive |
Global Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Vatican City |
Religious Diplomacy |
Using religious authority to influence global affairs |
Persuasive |
Religious Leaders |
Ongoing |
High |
| Zimbabwe |
Crisis Diplomacy |
Seeking international intervention and support during economic crises |
Negotiative |
International Community |
As needed |
High |
| Palau |
Environmental Diplomacy |
Focusing on climate change and marine conservation |
Persuasive |
Global Leaders |
Ongoing |
High |
| Greece |
Historical and Cultural Diplomacy |
Leveraging historical significance for partnerships |
Informative |
Cultural Institutions |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Estonia |
E-Government Promotion |
Developing and sharing digital governance expertise |
Economic |
Governments |
Ongoing |
High |
| Samoa |
Cultural Exchange Initiatives |
Promoting Samoan culture through exchanges |
Informative |
General Public |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Tonga |
Bilateral Aid Rounds |
Collaborating with nations for aid facilitation |
Economic |
International NGOs |
As needed |
Moderate |
| Western Sahara |
Self-Determination Advocacy |
Pursuing international recognition for self-governance |
Persuasive |
Global Community |
Ongoing |
High |
| Burkina Faso |
Community Development Partnerships |
Partnering for local development initiatives |
Collaborative |
NGOs |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Liechtenstein |
International Financial Cooperation |
Promoting transparent financial practices globally |
Economic |
Businesses |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| North Korea |
Agendas of Peace with Influence |
Seeking direct negotiations concerning peace and security |
Negotiative |
International Bodies |
As needed |
High |
| Switzerland |
Mediation in Conflicts |
Utilizing its neutral stance for providing mediation |
Negotiative |
Conflict Parties |
As needed |
High |
| Somalia |
Engagement in Humanitarian Efforts |
Coordinating international aid for development |
Collaborative |
International Bodies |
Ongoing |
High |
| Albania |
Regional Peacebuilding Initiatives |
Working locally to promote peace and stability |
Collaborative |
Regional Countries |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Saint Lucia |
Regional Integration Advocacy |
Promoting Caribbean regional integration frameworks |
Collaborative |
Caribbean Countries |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Tourism Diplomacy Strategies |
Leveraging tourism for international relationships |
Informative |
Tourists |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Cambodia |
Historical Diplomacy |
Using historical ties to improve relations |
Informative |
International Community |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Malawi |
Agricultural Diplomacy |
Collaborating on agricultural initiatives for development |
Collaborative |
International Organizations |
Ongoing |
High |
| Cook Islands |
Sustainable Tourism Diplomacy |
Promoting sustainable tourism practices to engage globally |
Informative |
Sustainable Travelers |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Lesotho |
Regional Peace Initiatives |
Participating in peace initiatives within southern Africa |
Collaborative |
Regional Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Comoros |
Promoting Regional Stability |
Engaging in stability initiatives within regional contexts |
Collaborative |
Regional Leaders |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
Bilateral Relations Development |
Building strong economic relationships one-on-one |
Economic |
Specific Countries |
Ongoing |
High |
| Guinea-Bissau |
Drug Trade Diplomacy |
Seeking help in combatting drug trade issues |
Negotiative |
International Bodies |
Ongoing |
Moderate |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
European Integration Strategy |
Pursuing closer ties with the EU for future benefits |
Collaborative |
EU Members |
Ongoing |
High |