ListoPedia

Evolution and Disease in Humans

This dataset contains information on various genetic diseases affecting Homo sapiens, detailing their genetic basis, mechanisms of action, evolutionary pressures, geographical prevalence, associated risk factors, and historical contexts. The data highlights the intricate relationship between genetics, environment, and health outcomes across different populations.

  1. Species: Identifies the species affected by the disease, which in all cases is Homo sapiens.
  2. Disease: Names the specific genetic disease or condition being analyzed.
  3. Genetic Basis: Describes the genetic mutation or variant associated with the disease.
  4. Mechanism: Explains the biological mechanism through which the disease manifests.
  5. Evolutionary Pressure: Indicates the evolutionary forces influencing the prevalence of the disease.
  6. Geographical Prevalence: Specifies the regions or populations where the disease is most commonly found.
  7. Associated Risk Factors: Lists factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
  8. Historical Context: Provides a brief overview of the historical aspects or implications of the disease's prevalence.

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Sample Data

Species Disease Genetic Basis Mechanism Evolutionary Pressure Geographical Prevalence Associated Risk Factors Historical Context
Homo sapiens Sickle Cell Disease HbS mutation Altered hemoglobin structure Malaria resistance Sub-Saharan Africa Genetic inheritance, malaria exposure Prevalent in malaria-endemic regions
Homo sapiens Cystic Fibrosis CFTR gene mutation Clogged mucus in organs Environmental pressure (pathogen exposure) Caucasian populations Carrier status Historically beneficial in preventing typhoid fever
Homo sapiens Huntington's Disease HTT gene repeat expansion Neurodegeneration Genetic drift Global Family history, age Identified in European descent populations
Homo sapiens Lactose Intolerance LCT gene variant Lactase persistence Dietary changes Global Ethnicity, dairy consumption Higher prevalence in non-European populations
Homo sapiens Thalassemia HBB gene mutations Impaired hemoglobin production Malaria resistance Mediterranean, Middle East, Southeast Asia Genetic inheritance, malaria exposure Common in regions historically affected by malaria
Homo sapiens Phenylketonuria PAH gene mutation Phenylalanine accumulation Dietary adaptation Worldwide Diet, family history Higher incidence in certain populations
Homo sapiens Alzheimer's Disease APOE gene variants Amyloid plaques and tangles Aging Global Age, genetics, lifestyle Increased prevalence with age
Homo sapiens Type 2 Diabetes Multiple gene interactions Insulin resistance Modern dietary shifts Worldwide Obesity, sedentary lifestyle Epidemic proportions in industrialized nations
Homo sapiens Asthma Multiple gene interactions Airway inflammation Urbanization and pollution Global Allergies, family history Increased rates in urban populations
Homo sapiens Cardiovascular Disease Multifactorial genetics Atherosclerosis Lifestyle changes Global Diet, exercise, genetics Rising in industrialized nations
Homo sapiens Multiple Sclerosis HLA-DRB1 gene variant Autoimmune response Environmental triggers Europe, North America Genetic predisposition, vitamin D deficiency Higher prevalence at northern latitudes
Homo sapiens Parkinson's Disease SNCA gene variants Neurodegeneration Aging Global Family history, age Increased risk with age and environmental toxins
Homo sapiens Tuberculosis M. tuberculosis infection Pulmonary infection Overcrowding and poverty Global HIV status, socioeconomic factors Common in low-resource settings
Homo sapiens HIV/AIDS HIV virus infection Immune system failure Sexual behavior, drug use Global High-risk behaviors Increased prevalence in high-risk populations
Homo sapiens Malaria Plasmodium falciparum infection Cyclical life cycle in host Environment, human behaviors Sub-Saharan Africa Genetic resistance factors Endemic in tropical regions
Homo sapiens Schizophrenia Multiple genes and environment Neurodevelopmental issues Urban living, stress Global Family history, drug use Higher rates in urbanized populations
Homo sapiens Bipolar Disorder Multiple gene interactions Mood dysregulation Environmental stressors Global Family history, substance use Higher rates in certain ethnic groups
Homo sapiens Obesity Polygenic predisposition Energy balance disruption Food abundance Worldwide Age, lifestyle, genetics Epidemic proportions globally
Homo sapiens Gout Genetic predisposition to hyperuricemia Inflammatory arthritis Dietary factors Worldwide Alcohol consumption, obesity Higher rates in certain populations
Homo sapiens Anorexia Nervosa Genetic and environmental factors Restrictive eating behavior Societal pressures Global Family history, societal context Higher prevalence in Western cultures
Homo sapiens Bulimia Nervosa Genetic and environmental factors Binge eating and purging Societal norms Global Family history, societal pressure Prevalent in Western societies
Homo sapiens Chronic Kidney Disease Metabolic and environmental factors Loss of kidney function Aging and lifestyle Global Diabetes, hypertension Increasing rates worldwide
Homo sapiens Psoriasis HLA-Cw6 gene variant Immune-mediated skin disorder Nature of skin exposure Global Genetics, stress Higher prevalence in northern climates
Homo sapiens Rheumatoid Arthritis HLA-DRB1 gene variant Autoimmune joint damage Environmental triggers Global Gender (female), smoking Higher incidence in females
Homo sapiens Dementia Multiple genetic factors Neurodegeneration Aging Global Age, genetics Risk increases significantly with age
Homo sapiens Crohn's Disease CARD15 gene variant Intestinal inflammation Dietary changes Worldwide Family history, smoking Higher rates in individuals of Jewish descent
Homo sapiens Ulcerative Colitis Multiple genetics factors Colonic inflammation Environmental factors Worldwide Family history, smoking Similar prevalence rates as Crohn's
Homo sapiens Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Insulin gene region Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Genetic predisposition Global Family history Higher prevalence in northern European populations
Homo sapiens Hemochromatosis HFE gene mutations Iron overload Nutritional factors Caucasian populations Genetic inheritance Historically beneficial in iron-poor environments
Homo sapiens Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Genetic susceptibility Progressive airflow limitation Environmental exposure (smoking) Global Smoking, air quality Increased prevalence in smokers
Homo sapiens Gestational Diabetes Obesity and insulin resistance Glucose intolerance during pregnancy Modern diets Global Genetic predisposition, obesity Evolving patterns with dietary changes
Homo sapiens Acne Vulgaris Multiple genetic and environmental factors Sebaceous gland activity Hormonal changes, diet Global Hormonal changes, diet Common in adolescents and young adults
Homo sapiens Osteoporosis Multiple genes related to bone metabolism Loss of bone density Lifespan changes Global Age, gender, race Higher rates in postmenopausal women
Homo sapiens Sleep Apnea Genetic predisposition and obesity Interrupted sleep patterns Modern lifestyles Worldwide Obesity, age Increasing prevalence with rising obesity rates
Homo sapiens Hyperthyroidism Graves' disease, autoimmune issues Excess thyroid hormone production Genetic predisposition Global Stress, gender (female) Higher prevalence in females
Homo sapiens Hypothyroidism Autoimmune thyroiditis Insufficient thyroid hormone production Genetic tendencies Global Age, gender (female) Evolving as populations shift in baseline health
Homo sapiens Fibromyalgia Complex genetic and environmental triggers Chronic pain syndrome Psychosocial stressors Global Genetic predisposition, stress Increasing awareness and diagnosis
Homo sapiens Endometriosis Genetic factors, retrograde menstruation Painful inflammation of the uterus Reproductive pressures Global Family history, hormonal factors Historically underdiagnosed
Homo sapiens Autism Spectrum Disorder Multiple gene interactions Neurodevelopmental disorder Environmental influences Global Family history, environmental toxins Increased incidence in recent decades
Homo sapiens PTSD Genetic vulnerability and trauma exposure Hyperarousal and avoidance War and confrontations Global Trauma exposure Increasing awareness in military populations
Homo sapiens Irritable Bowel Syndrome Complex multi-factorial origins Disordered gut-brain interaction Lifestyle and stress Global Diet, psychosocial factors Higher rates in Western societies
Homo sapiens Acid Reflux Disease Genetic predisposition Gastroesophageal reflux Dietary habits Global Obesity, diet Increasing with Western dietary patterns
Homo sapiens Panic Disorder Genetic and environmental factors Recurring panic attacks Stress and societal pressures Global Family history, trauma Increasing incidence in certain populations
Homo sapiens Epilepsy Multiple genetic factors Seizure disorders Physiological variations Global Age, family history Increasing awareness and diagnosis
Homo sapiens Fertility Disorders Multifactorial genetic and environmental causes Reproductive challenges Modern lifestyles Global Age, health conditions Increasing prevalence among couples
Homo sapiens Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Complex genetics and environmental triggers Prolonged fatigue Lifestyle changes Global Stress, viral infections Underdiagnosed historically
Homo sapiens Tinnitus Multiple genetic and environmental factors Auditory processing disorders Noise exposure Global Age, occupation Increasing prevalence in industrialized societies
Homo sapiens Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Repetitive strain injuries Nerve compression Occupational hazards Global Gender (female), occupation Higher prevalence in certain professions
Homo sapiens Psoriatic Arthritis Psoriasis and genetic factors Arthritis associated with psoriasis Environmental exposures Global Genetic predisposition Increasing awareness and diagnosis
Homo sapiens Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Multiple genetic factors Autoimmune attacks on body tissues Hormonal influences Global Gender (female), ethnicity Higher incidence in women and certain ethnic groups
Homo sapiens Meniere's Disease Genetic and environmental factors Inner ear disorders Stress and environmental triggers Global Age, gender Higher prevalence in certain demographics
Homo sapiens Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Multifactorial origins Pain without identifiable cause Lifestyle and stress Global Sexual history, stress Increasing incidence in modern society
Homo sapiens Bacterial Vaginosis Microbiome disturbance Microbial imbalance Sexual practices Global Sexual activity Higher rates in sexually active females
Homo sapiens Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection HPV virus Cervical and other cancers Sexual behavior Global Sexual history Vaccine rates affecting prevalence
Homo sapiens Chlamydia Infection Chlamydia trachomatis Sexually transmitted infection Societal behaviors Global Sexual behavior, age Higher rates in young adults
Homo sapiens Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sexually transmitted infection Societal behaviors Global Sexual behavior, age Increasing rates in recent decades
Homo sapiens Syphilis Treponema pallidum Sexually transmitted infection Social structure Global Sexual history, risk factors Resurgence in certain demographics
Homo sapiens Candidiasis Candida fungi Fungal infection Immunocompromising factors Global Antibiotic use, diabetes Increasing prevalence with antibiotic resistance
Homo sapiens Bacterial Meningitis Various bacterial infections Inflammation of the meninges Crowding and close contact Global Age, weakened immune system Higher incidence in infants and adolescents
Homo sapiens Viral Meningitis Various viruses Inflammation of the meninges Seasonal outbreaks Global Age, lifestyle Higher incidence in children
Homo sapiens Dengue Fever Dengue virus Inflammatory response Urbanization and climate Tropical regions Mosquito exposure Rising rates due to climate change
Homo sapiens West Nile Virus West Nile virus Neurological effects Environmental changes Global Mosquito exposure Emerging disease in certain regions
Homo sapiens Zika Virus Zika virus Developmental issues in fetus Vector ecology Tropical regions Pregnant women exposure Significant public health focus in recent years
Homo sapiens Chikungunya Chikungunya virus Fever and joint pain Urbanization and climate Tropical regions Mosquito exposure Emerging disease in recent decades
Homo sapiens Ebola Ebola virus Severe hemorrhagic fever Wildlife transmission Endemic regions Contact with bushmeat Increased surveillance and research funding
Homo sapiens Hantavirus Hantavirus infection Respiratory distress syndrome Environmental exposure Global Rodent exposure Increasing awareness in rural areas
Homo sapiens Q Fever Coxiella burnetii Flu-like symptoms Occupational exposure Global Animal exposure,Higher incidence in farmers veterinarians"
Homo sapiens Lyme Disease Borrelia burgdorferi Tick-borne disease Environmental changes North America, Europe Outdoor activities, tick exposure Increasing rates in endemic regions
Homo sapiens Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsia rickettsii Tick-borne disease Environmental exposure North America Tick exposure Requires increased awareness in endemic areas
Homo sapiens Tularemia Francisella tularensis Bacterial infection from wildlife Environmental exposure Global Contact with infected animals Increased incidence in rural populations
Homo sapiens Brucellosis Brucella spp. Bacterial infection from livestock Occupational exposure Global Animal handling Increased awareness and prevention in certain fields
Homo sapiens Leptospirosis Leptospira bacteria Bacterial infection from water Environmental exposure Tropical regions Flooding, contact with infected water Increased incidence during floods
Homo sapiens Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium parvum Waterborne protozoan infection Water quality issues Global Contaminated drinking water Emerging concern in public health sectors
Homo sapiens Giardiasis Giardia lamblia Waterborne parasitic infection Water quality issues Global Contaminated drinking water Increased risk in certain sanitary conditions
Homo sapiens Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Parasitic infection Animal contact Global Immunocompromised status Prevalent in certain animal handling occupations
Homo sapiens Schistosomiasis Schistosoma spp. Parasitic infection Water contact Tropical regions Freshwater exposure Increased incidence in poor water conditions
Homo sapiens Malaria Plasmodium spp. Mosquito-borne disease Environmental conditions Sub-Saharan Africa Genetic factors, travel history Continued public health challenge
Homo sapiens Yellow Fever Yellow fever virus Viral infection Vector ecology Endemic tropical regions Travel, mosquito bites Vaccination efforts ongoing
Homo sapiens Necrotizing Fasciitis Various bacterial infections Rapid tissue destruction Trauma or surgery Global Diabetes, immune deficiency Higher risks in certain populations
Homo sapiens Cholera Vibrio cholerae Bacterial diarrhea Water sanitation issues Global Contaminated water sources Epidemics in low-resource settings
Homo sapiens Salmonellosis Salmonella bacteria Foodborne illness Food safety compliance Global Improper food handling Long-standing public health concern
Homo sapiens Hepatitis A Hepatitis A virus Viral infection of the liver Water quality issues Global Contaminated food or water Improved vaccines but still prevalent
Homo sapiens Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Viral infection of the liver Sexual behavior and exposure Global Chronic infection status Increased focus on vaccination and prevention
Homo sapiens Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus Viral hepatitis Drug use, blood exposure Global IV drug use, transfusions Increasing awareness of treatment options
Homo sapiens Influenza Influenza virus Respiratory infection Seasonal outbreaks Global Age, health status Importance of vaccination programs
Homo sapiens COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Virus Respiratory disease Global pandemic Global Previous health status, vaccination Unprecedented impact on health systems
Homo sapiens RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) RSV virus Respiratory infection Childhood prevalence Global Age, health status Significant for infants and the elderly
Homo sapiens Measles Measles virus Viral infection Vaccination coverage Global Travel, outbreaks Resurgence in non-vaccinated populations
Homo sapiens Mumps Mumps virus Viral infection Vaccination coverage Global Travel history Reemergence in specific populations
Homo sapiens Rubella Rubella virus Congenital defects Vaccination rates Global Pregnancy status Significant reduction due to vaccination
Homo sapiens Whooping Cough Bordetella pertussis Bacterial respiratory infection Vaccination coverage Global Infants, low vaccination rates Increased awareness and vaccination push
Homo sapiens Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Bacterial respiratory disease Vaccination efforts Global Travel history Vigilance in vaccination campaigns
Homo sapiens Meningococcal Disease Neisseria meningitidis Bacterial infection Crowded conditions Global Living arrangements, travel Vaccine recommendations ongoing
Homo sapiens Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Various viruses Severe systemic diseases Environmental exposure Global Travel and exposure risks Increased research focus
Homo sapiens Nutritional Deficiencies Various nutritional factors Malnutrition-related disorders Societal conditions Global Dietary patterns Complications from modern diets
Homo sapiens Iron Deficiency Anemia Nutritional deficiency Lack of sufficient iron Dietary habits Global Diet, gender High prevalence in certain demographics
Homo sapiens Vitamin D Deficiency Nutritional deficiency Bone health issues Diet and sunlight exposure Global Geographical location Rise in awareness regarding supplementation
Homo sapiens Scurvy Vitamin C deficiency Collagen synthesis disruption Dietary neglect Historical Fruits and vegetables intake Historical relevance in seafaring populations
Homo sapiens Beriberi Vitamin B1 deficiency Nerve and heart disorders Dietary deficiencies Historical Relying on polished rice Historically significant in poor diet populations
Homo sapiens Rickets Vitamin D deficiency Bone softening Nutritional intake Historical to modern Lack of sunlight exposure Resurgence with modern lifestyle shifts
Homo sapiens Kwashiorkor Protein deficiency Severe malnutrition Poor dietary intake Global Food security, poverty Impact on children in impoverished regions
Homo sapiens Marasmus Caloric deficiency Severe form of malnutrition Food scarcity Global Food security, poverty Impact on global health initiatives
Homo sapiens Occupational Diseases Various exposures Work-related health issues Work environment Global Occupational hazards Need for workplace safety reforms
Homo sapiens Environmental Diseases Pollution exposure Health complications from toxins Urbanization Global Air quality issues Link to industrialization and modern living
Homo sapiens Autoimmune Diseases Multiple genetic and environmental factors Immune system dysfunction Genetic and environmental triggers Global Family history, gender Increasing awareness of autoimmune conditions
Homo sapiens Thromboembolic diseases Genetic and environmental factors Blood clotting disorders Lifestyle factors Global Age, obesity, smoking Rising prevalence with sedentary lifestyles
Homo sapiens Neurodegenerative Diseases Various genetic factors Cognitive decline Aging populations Global Age, lifestyle factors Increased focus on aging in population
Homo sapiens Facial Recognition Deficits Genetic basis Difficulty recognizing faces Genetic predisposition Global Age-related changes Increasing understanding of neurological conditions
Homo sapiens Restless Legs Syndrome Genetic and environmental influences Irresistible urge to move legs Sleep disorders Global Genetics, lifestyle Increased understanding and support
Homo sapiens Pseudopregnancy Hormonal imbalances Mimicking pregnancy symptoms Hormonal factors Global Stress, lifestyle Under-discussed among populations
Homo sapiens Disorders of Consciousness Genetic and environmental influences Altered states of awareness Trauma or neurological conditions Global Head injuries, hypoxia Increased research focus on recovery
Homo sapiens Somatic Symptom Disorder Psychological factors Physical symptoms with no medical cause Societal pressures Global Stress, mental health Increasing recognition in healthcare
Homo sapiens Body Dysmorphic Disorder Psychological factors Preoccupation with perceived flaws Cultural influences Global Media exposure, societal standards Growing awareness among health professionals
Homo sapiens Tourette Syndrome Genetic basis Involuntary motor and vocal tics Neurodevelopmental conditions Global Family history, gender More awareness and understanding of the disorder
Homo sapiens Seizure Disorders Various genetic factors Abnormal electrical activity in the brain Genetic predisposition Global Family history, head injuries Increased research and awareness
Homo sapiens Suicide Complex interaction of factors Risk of self-harm or death Societal pressures and mental health Global Mental health issues, family history Growing concern and preventive measures being implemented
Homo sapiens Chronic Pain Multifactorial origins Pain that persists beyond the expected duration Socioeconomic conditions Global Age, mental health Increasing focus on pain management and treatment
Homo sapiens Gender Dysphoria Complex interplay of genetic and psychological factors Discomfort with assigned gender Social acceptance Global Cultural attitudes Increasing awareness and support for gender identity
Homo sapiens Phantom Limb Pain Neuroplastic changes post-amputation Pain sensation despite loss Surgical trauma Global Trauma, surgery Heightened recognition of the phenomenon
Homo sapiens Taste Disorders Genetic and environmental factors Altered perception of taste Health conditions Global Nutritional status, age Rising awareness of sensory impairments
Homo sapiens Delusional Disorder Psychological factors Fixed false beliefs Cognitive functions Global Gender (male), trauma Increased understanding within mental health fields
Homo sapiens Mute Syndrome Psychological factors Loss of speech despite physical ability Trauma or stress Global Trauma history Greater awareness in trauma-related conditions
Homo sapiens Conversion Disorder Psychobiological mechanisms Neurological symptoms without medical explanation Stress factors Global Psychological stress Understanding growing in neurological context
Homo sapiens Self-Harm Complex mental health issues Intentional harm to oneself Emotional distress Global Mental health issues, trauma history Increased efforts in prevention and recovery
Homo sapiens Burnout Syndrome Work and life stressors Physical and emotional exhaustion Workplace culture Global Military, healthcare Broader recognition in workplace policies
Homo sapiens Social Anxiety Disorder Multifactorial origins Intense fear in social situations Societal interactions Global Cultural pressures, upbringing Increased support in cultural contexts
Homo sapiens Adjustment Disorders Response to stressors Difficulty in coping with changes Adjustment to life changes Global Life events, trauma Increased recognition in therapy practices
Homo sapiens Acute Stress Disorder Response to traumatic events Difficulty coping immediately after trauma Recent trauma exposure Global Trauma history Increased focus on mental health responses
Homo sapiens Pathological Gambling Complex interplay of factors Compulsive gambling behavior Societal influences Global Genetic predisposition, stress Growing awareness in mental health
Homo sapiens Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Psychological factors Intentional injury for emotional relief Mental distress Global Mental health factors Increased focus on recovery and prevention strategies
Homo sapiens Cyberbullying Effects Social interaction changes Psychological consequences of online harassment Technological changes Global Social media usage Increased efforts in mental health support
Homo sapiens Phobia Disorders Genetic and environment interaction Intense fear of specific objects or situations Societal influences Global Life experiences, culture Continual research in effective therapies
Homo sapiens Paranoia Disorders Psychological factors Distrust and suspicion towards others Psychological health Global Family history, stress Awareness in mental health fields
Homo sapiens Social Isolation Complex social issues Loneliness affecting mental and physical health Modern living conditions Global Age, living alone Increasing focus on community connections
Homo sapiens Sleep Disorders Complex mixes of genetic and environmental factors Disrupted sleep patterns Modern lifestyle changes Global Lifestyle, stress, age Increased research and awareness of sleep health
Homo sapiens Chronic Stress Psychophysiological impacts Long-term activation of stress response Life instabilities Global Economic factors, relationships Increased awareness of mental health impacts
Homo sapiens Elder Abuse Complex social issues Abuse of older individuals Aging populations Global Caregiver stress Rising focus on elder care and protection
Homo sapiens Childhood Trauma Multifactorial origins Long-lasting effects on mental health Societal pressures Global Poverty, family history Focus on trauma-informed care approaches
Homo sapiens Generational Trauma Cultural and historical influences Psychological impact over generations Cultural changes Global Cultural upheaval Growing awareness in mental health discourse
Homo sapiens Boredom Psychological factors Reduced engagement and motivation Modern living and technology Global Lifestyle choices Increasing focus on mental health impacts
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