Country	Electoral System	Type of Government	Public Policy Outcome	Year Established	Notes
United States	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Republic	Diverse policy outcomes, healthcare disparities	1788	Majoritarian system favors two-party system.
Germany	Mixed-Member Proportional	Federal Republic	Strong social welfare policies	1949	Combines proportional representation and first-past-the-post.
India	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Republic	Varied policy outcomes, significant regional disparities	1950	Largest democracy, diverse political landscape.
Sweden	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Democracy	Strong welfare state, gender equality	1809	Highly proportional, multi-party system.
Canada	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Parliamentary Democracy	Regional disparities in policy	1867	Two-party dominance with regional parties.
Brazil	Proportional Representation	Federal Republic	Social policies, environmental laws	1988	Strong regional influences on policy.
France	Two-Round System	Semi-Presidential Republic	Various policy outcomes, focus on economic reforms	1958	Major political shifts with each election.
Australia	Preferential Voting	Federal Parliamentary Democracy	Progressive social policies, environmental action	1901	Strong emphasis on voter choice.
South Africa	Mixed-Member Proportional	Parliamentary Republic	Focus on racial equality, social reforms	1994	Post-apartheid policies are transformative.
Japan	Parallel Voting	Parliamentary Government	Economic policies, aging population issues	1947	Coalition government affects policy outcomes.
Argentina	Mixed-Member Proportional	Federal Republic	Social welfare policies, economic challenges	1852	Voter volatility affects stability.
Mexico	Mixed-Member Proportional	Federal Republic	Security and economic reforms	1917	Policy decision impacted by drug violence.
New Zealand	Mixed-Member Proportional	Parliamentary Democracy	Progressive social policies, environmental initiatives	1996	Voter choice significantly influences policies.
Russia	Proportional Representation	Federal Semi-Presidential Republic	Authoritarian policies, centralized control	1993	Elections often non-competitive.
Italy	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Frequent government changes, diverse policies	1946	Coalition government leads to policy fragmentation.
Spain	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy	Regional autonomy, economic policies	1978	Strong regional parties affect national policy.
Netherlands	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Democracy	Strong social policies, progressive laws	1848	High party representation leads to coalition governments.
Singapore	First-Past-The-Post	Unitary Parliamentary Republic	Authoritarian, but strong economic growth	1959	Dominant party shapes policy decisions.
Norway	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Democracy	Strong welfare policies, gender equality	1814	Emphasis on social democratic values.
Finland	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Strong social welfare system, education	1906	National consensus influences policy.
Switzerland	Mixed Electoral System	Federal Republic	Direct democracy, strong local governance	1848	Frequent referendums shape public policy.
Chile	Proportional Representation	Presidential Republic	Economic reforms, social inequality issues	1980	Recent shifts due to social movements.
India	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Republic	Diverse and fragmented policy outcomes	1950	Large electorate leads to varied public policies.
Israel	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Democracy	Social and security policies, conflict-oriented	1948	Coalitions bring unique policy frameworks.
Malaysia	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Constitutional Monarchy	Ethnic policies, economic development disparities	1957	Multi-ethnic context affects policies.
Philippines	First-Past-The-Post	Unitary Presidential Republic	Political dynasties influence governance	1987	Electoral system affects public accountability.
Egypt	Mixed Electoral System	Presidential Republic	Governance affected by political instability	2014	Political changes impact policy outcomes.
Turkey	Majoritarian and Proportional	Presidential Republic	Controversial policies, strong centralization	2017	Erosion of democracy impacts governance.
South Korea	Mixed-Member Proportional	Presidential Republic	Technological advances, social policies	1948	Young electorate influences progressive policies.
Ireland	Single Transferable Vote	Parliamentary Democracy	Social issues, housing crisis	1922	Unique voting system promotes diversity.
Bangladesh	First-Past-The-Post	Parliamentary Democracy	Corruption issues in policy making	1991	Partisan influence leads to policy volatility.
Ukraine	Mixed Electoral System	Parliamentary Republic	Political corruption, economic reforms	1991	Conflicted governance impacts public policy.
Vietnam	Single-Party System	Socialist Republic	State-controlled economic policies	1976	Limited political pluralism influences public welfare.
Colombia	Mixed-Member Proportional	Presidential Republic	Security and peace policy reforms	1991	Ongoing conflict influences governance.
Niger	Two-Round System	Presidential Republic	Infrastructural policies amidst instability	2010	Political transitions affect development policies.
Mali	Two-Round System	Semi-Presidential Republic	Security policies amidst conflict	1992	Instability affects governance.
Zambia	First-Past-The-Post	Presidential Republic	Economic policies influenced by external factors	1991	Electoral system fosters party loyalty.
Kenya	Mixed Electoral System	Presidential Republic	Ethnic policies, governance challenges	2010	Ethnic divisions impact policy making.
Angola	Proportional Representation	Presidential Republic	State control over resources	2010	Authoritarian rule influences social policies.
Zambia	First-Past-The-Post	Presidential Republic	Economic policies influenced by external factors	1991	Electoral system fosters party loyalty.
South Africa	Mixed-Member Proportional	Parliamentary Republic	Focus on racial equality and social reforms	1994	Post-apartheid policies are transformative.
Belgium	Proportional Representation	Federal Constitutional Monarchy	Complex governance, diverse policies	1831	Coalition governments reflect linguistic divisions.
Denmark	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Democracy	Strong welfare policies, environmental focus	1849	Consensus-driven politics support broad welfare.
Austria	Proportional Representation	Federal Republic	Cooperation in policy, welfare state	1920	Coalition dynamics shape governance.
Portugal	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Social welfare, economic reforms influenced by EU	1976	Political stability enhances economic policy.
Ghana	Mixed-Member Proportional	Presidential Republic	Democratic governance, economic challenges	1992	Increasing participation shapes policies.
Republic of Congo	Proportional Representation	Presidential Republic	Conflict resolution efforts in policy decisions	1992	Political instability hampers effective governance.
Lithuania	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Social policies, EU alignment	1990	Policy continuity influenced by EU membership.
Latvia	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Public administration reforms, social issues	1990	Decentralization affects local governance.
Eswatini	First-Past-The-Post	Absolute Monarchy	Limited political inclusivity, policy imbalances	1973	Monarch influences all policy decisions.
Jamaica	First-Past-The-Post	Parliamentary Democracy	Social issues, economic stability	1962	Two-party system influences policy directions.
Taiwan	Mixed-Member Proportional	Semi-Presidential Republic	Focus on democracy, civil rights	1996	Democratic reforms influence public policy.
Vanuatu	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Democracy	Fragile governance, developmental policies	1980	Political instability influences policy effectiveness.
Fiji	Mixed-Member Proportional	Parliamentary Republic	Ethnic-based policies, governance issues	1997	Ethnic divisions influence political decisions.
Papua New Guinea	Limited Preferential Voting	Parliamentary Democracy	Decentralized governance, local issues	1975	Policy shaped by local governance structures.
Samoa	First-Past-The-Post	Parliamentary Democracy	Economic issues, land and governance policies	1962	Traditional governance affects policy outcomes.
Solomon Islands	First-Past-The-Post	Parliamentary Democracy	Instability in governance, economic policies	1978	Political instability hampers policy continuity.
Venezuela	Mixed-Member Proportional	Federal Republic	Populist policies, economic challenges	1999	Crisis in governance affects public policy.
Georgia	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Dramatic shifts in policy, EU aspirations	2004	Political transitions affect European integration.
Armenia	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Political reforms, anti-corruption policies	2018	Recent democratic shifts influence governance.
Bhutan	First-Past-The-Post	Constitutional Monarchy	Social development, environmental conservation	2008	Unique emphasis on Gross National Happiness.
Somalia	Bicameral Legislative System	Federal Republic	Fragile governance, security policies	2012	Ongoing conflict hampers effective policy.
Bolivia	Mixed-Member Proportional	Presidential Republic	Indigenous rights, social justice policies	2009	Political context greatly influences governance.
Rwanda	Proportional Representation	Presidential Republic	Post-genocide reconciliation policies	2003	Strong government focus on unity and development.
Chad	First-Past-The-Post	Presidential Republic	Challenges in governance and stability	1996	Political turbulence affects public policy.
Comoros	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Republic	Political instability, development issues	2002	Governance issues influence policy outcomes.
Sri Lanka	Proportional Representation	Parliamentary Republic	Ethnic policies, post-war reconstruction	1978	Ethnic tensions affect policy directions.
Peru	Mixed Electoral System	Presidential Republic	Political instability impacting social policies	1993	Frequent changes in governance affect national priorities.
Mexico	Mixed-Member Proportional	Federal Republic	Anti-corruption policies, drug war impacts	1917	Elections heavily influence governance effectiveness.
Barbados	First-Past-The-Post	Parliamentary Democracy	Strong social policies, governance stability	1966	Political stability leads to consistent policy outcomes.
Tanzania	First-Past-The-Post	Unitary Presidential Republic	Economic policies, governance issues	1964	Political stability affects policy implementation.
South Sudan	First-Past-The-Post	Federal Republic	Fragile governance amidst conflict	2011	Ongoing conflict affects policy decisions.
Anguilla	First-Past-The-Post	British Overseas Territory	Limited social policies, dependent on UK	1980	Policy heavily influenced by external governance.
Malawi	First-Past-The-Post	Presidential Republic	Socio-economic policies, governance challenges	1994	Political instability impacts public policies.
Zimbabwe	Majoritarian System	Presidential Republic	Economic decline, land reform policies	1980	Political repression affects governance and policy.
Kiribati	Single Transferable Vote	Presidential Republic	Environmental policies due to climate change	1979	Limited resources affect policy implementation.
East Timor	Proportional Representation	Semi-Presidential Republic	State-building efforts, social policies	2002	Governance affected by post-conflict issues.
Micronesia	Plurality Voting	Federal Republic	Decentralized governance, local policies	1979	Unique structure shapes governance and policy.
Togo	First-Past-The-Post	Presidential Republic	Political repression, limited policy changes	1967	Long-standing governance impacts policy effectiveness.