| United States |
Individualism |
Integrative |
Let's find a win-win solution |
Direct and straightforward |
Confrontation is acceptable |
Consensus-based |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Facial expressions and gestures |
| Japan |
Collectivism |
Avoiding |
Group harmony is important |
Indirect and subtle |
Consensus and mediation |
Top-down |
Past-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Silence and bowing |
| Germany |
Uncertainty Avoidance |
Debating |
We must ensure clarity |
Direct and explicit |
Fact-based approaches |
Analytical and structured |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Firm handshake |
| Brazil |
Power Distance |
Collaborative |
Let's work together |
Expressive and personable |
Cooperative discussion |
Consensus-based |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Gestures and tone of voice |
| China |
Collectivism |
Harmonizing |
We value mutual respect |
Indirect and polite |
Avoid confrontation |
Top-down |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle body language |
| India |
Hierarchy |
Competitive |
I will prevail in this negotiation |
Direct yet respectful |
Mediation and discussion |
Top-down |
Present-focused |
High Power Distance |
Head nods and eye contact |
| Russia |
Power Distance |
Combative |
I will not back down |
Direct and straightforward |
Confrontational |
Decision by authority |
Future-oriented |
Very High Power Distance |
Strong gestures |
| France |
Uncertainty Avoidance |
Discussion |
Debate leads to clarity |
Indirect with humor |
Open dialogue |
Consensus-focused |
Past-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Facial expression emphasis |
| South Africa |
Diversity |
Collaborative |
Let's incorporate all views |
Direct and inclusive |
Mediation and participation |
Consensus-focused |
Present-oriented |
Variable Power Distance |
Body language and expression |
| Mexico |
Collectivism |
Hierarchical |
Familia first in decisions |
Indirect and warm |
Consensus and inclusiveness |
Top-down |
Past-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Proximity and warmth |
| Italy |
Uncertainty Avoidance |
Amiable |
Let's work out our differences |
Expressive and animated |
Inclusive discussions |
Consensus-focused |
Present-oriented |
Variable Power Distance |
Gestures of hands |
| Saudi Arabia |
Tradition |
Formal |
Respect is key |
Indirect and formal |
Silence is meaningful |
Authority-centered |
Long-term oriented |
Very High Power Distance |
Gestures and formality |
| Turkey |
Collectivism |
Negotiating |
We must show respect |
Indirect yet engaging |
Dialogue and consultation |
Consensus-oriented |
Past-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Personal space awareness |
| South Korea |
Confucianism |
Collaborative |
Group opinion is key |
Indirect and formal |
Consensus processes |
Hierarchical decision making |
Long-term focused |
High Power Distance |
Silence and non-verbal cues |
| Vietnam |
Collectivism |
Indirect |
Maintaining harmony |
Indirect with harmony focus |
Consensual discussion |
Top-down |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle emotional cues |
| Singapore |
Multiculturalism |
Pragmatic |
Let's reach a fair settlement |
Direct with respect |
Negotiation without confrontation |
Analytical and structured |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Non-verbal agreement signs |
| Philippines |
Familism |
Indigenous |
We must nurture relationships |
Indirect and warm |
Consensus and mediation |
Collective decision making |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Proximity in dialogue |
| Spain |
Hierarchical |
Amiable |
We can achieve mutual respect |
Indirect with warmth |
Discussion |
Consensus-based |
Present-focused |
Variable Power Distance |
Expressive gestures |
| Indonesia |
Collectivism |
Indirect |
Harmony is essential |
Indirect and roundabout |
Avoid confrontation |
Community-driven |
Long-term focused |
High Power Distance |
Touch and gestures |
| Egypt |
Patrimonialism |
Hierarchical |
Respect is crucial |
Indirect and formal |
Negotiation is indirect |
Top-down |
Past-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Use of hand gestures |
| Finland |
Individualism |
Direct |
This is my proposal |
Direct and concise |
Direct confrontation is rare |
Consensus |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Minimal body language |
| Norway |
Individualism |
Open |
Let's discuss freely |
Direct and respectful |
Open discussion |
Consensus-based |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Straightforward gestures |
| Thailand |
Collectivism |
Indigenous |
We must keep the peace |
Indirect and polite |
Avoid confrontation |
Community consensus |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Smile and gestures |
| Nigeria |
Collectivism |
Amiable |
We will find a middle ground |
Direct yet warm |
Negotiation involves concessions |
Inclusive |
Present-focused |
High Power Distance |
Gestures and facial expressions |
| Chile |
Collectivism |
Collaborative |
We seek mutual understanding |
Indirect and cautious |
Inclusive discussion |
Hierarchical authority |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Polite non-verbal signs |
| Colombia |
Familism |
Inclusive |
Relationships matter most |
Indirect and warm |
Consensus and relationship building |
Inclusive |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Friendly gestures |
| Belgium |
Multiculturalism |
Direct |
Clarifying terms is important |
Direct and neutral |
Negotiate openly |
Consensus-oriented |
Variable Power Distance |
Non-verbal precision |
NaN |
| Pakistan |
Hierarchy |
Indirect |
Respect must be shown |
Indirect and deferential |
Avoiding direct confrontation |
Top-down |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle physical expressions |
| Ukraine |
Power Distance |
Aggressive |
A strong position is necessary |
Direct and firm |
Confrontational debates |
Top-down |
Future-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Assertive gestures |
| Sweden |
Equality |
Collaborative |
Open communication is key |
Direct and informal |
Consensus-based approaches |
Equal participation |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Neutral non-verbal expressions |
| Israel |
Individualism |
Debating |
Let's challenge ideas |
Direct and assertive |
Confrontational debate is welcomed |
Consensus based or individual |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Hand movements |
| Malaysia |
Multiculturalism |
Consensus |
Respecting differences is key |
Indirect and cautious |
Consensus-building |
Inclusivity in decision making |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle head nods |
| Iran |
Collectivism |
Hierarchical |
Respect and honor matter |
Indirect with respect focus |
Dialogue without confrontation |
Authority driven |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Non-verbal respect signs |
| Peru |
Collectivism |
Community-oriented |
Let's ensure everyone is heard |
Indirect and community-focused |
Consensus through dialogue |
General consensus decision making |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Hospitality in gestures |
| Portugal |
Individualism |
Casual |
Let's keep it friendly |
Expressive but respectful |
Inclusive discussions with cordiality |
Consensus-oriented |
Present-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Gestures of agreement |
| Bangladesh |
Collectivism |
Indirect |
Respect and relationship are key |
Indirect, polite |
Consensus-oriented discussions |
Community consensus |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Relational body language |
| Qatar |
Hierarchy |
Formal |
Maintain respect and decorum |
Indirect and formal |
Avoid open confrontation |
Top-down authority |
Long-term focused |
Very High Power Distance |
Formal gestures |
| Australia |
Individualism |
Participative |
Let's collaborate |
Direct and informal |
Inclusive discussion |
Consensus-based |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Casual body language |
| Taiwan |
Collectivism |
Indirect |
Let's keep relations stable |
Indirect with subtlety |
Consensus and harmony |
Community consensus |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle expressiveness |
| Lithuania |
Individualism |
Direct |
We need to be clear |
Direct and straightforward |
Open disagreements are fine |
Consensus-based or direct |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Minimal gestures |
| Serbia |
Collectivism |
Intuitive |
Directness is appreciated |
Direct and assertive |
Negotiation with clarity |
Direct decision making |
Present-oriented |
Variable Power Distance |
Strong body cues |
| Austria |
Uncertainty Avoidance |
Formal |
We must clarify all details |
Direct and thorough |
Direct discussion |
Consensus-based |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Clear gestures |
| Georgia |
Collectivism |
Warm |
Relationships matter |
Warm and indirect |
Consensus through dialogue |
Collective decision making |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Friendly body language |
| Latvia |
Individualism |
Direct |
Clarity in communication |
Direct and neutral |
Direct communication |
Consensus-based |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Clear body language |
| Czech Republic |
Individualism |
Direct |
Let's find common ground |
Direct and analytical |
Direct debate permitted |
Consensus-based or authoritative |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Direct eye contact |
| Estonia |
Individualism |
Innovative |
Let's be progressive |
Direct scientific approach |
Fact-based discussions |
Analytical and inclusive |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Straightforward expressions |
| Lithuania |
Community-focused |
Collaborative |
We are in this together |
Direct and engaging |
Negotiation through cooperation |
Community-based |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Expressive communication |
| Hungary |
Individualism |
Argumentative |
Open to negotiation |
Direct and passionate |
Fact-focused debate |
Analytical and authoritative |
Present-oriented |
Variable Power Distance |
Expressive gestures |
| Slovakia |
Hierarchy |
Hierarchical |
Decision from the top |
Direct but formal |
Discussion permissible but formal |
Authority-driven |
Future-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Clear non-verbal cues |
| Romania |
Individualism |
Competitive |
Winning is primary |
Direct and assertive |
Confrontation-friendly |
Consensus or authoritative |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Assertive body language |
| Sri Lanka |
Collectivism |
Warm |
Respect builds relationship |
Indirect and warm |
Negotiation without pressuring |
Community-centered |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle indicatives |
| United Arab Emirates |
Hierarchy |
Formal |
Respect drives negotiation |
Indirect and formal |
Avoiding confrontation is key |
Top-down |
Long-term oriented |
Very High Power Distance |
Formal non-verbal cues |
| Bulgaria |
Hierarchical |
Frank |
Clarity is essential |
Direct and candid |
Confrontational discussions are rare |
Direct engagement |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Clear body language |
| Bangladesh |
Collectivism |
Indirect |
I value our relationship |
Indirect and respectful |
Consensus and mediation |
Collective decision making |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Subtle cues |
| Côte d'Ivoire |
Hierarchical |
Respectful |
Let's build trust |
Indirect and respectful |
Negotiation with respect |
Top-down |
Long-term oriented |
Very High Power Distance |
Non-verbal signs of respect |
| Jamaica |
Community-oriented |
Tribal |
Let's maintain unity |
Indirect with respect |
Consensus through harmony |
Community decision making |
Present-focused |
Variable Power Distance |
Rhythmic gestures |
| Angola |
Hierarchical |
Collaborative |
It's about community |
Indirect and warm |
Inclusive dialogue is key |
Hierarchical decision making |
Future-focused |
High Power Distance |
Kinesthetic gestures |
| Barbados |
Individualism |
Inclusive |
Let's collaborate |
Casual and friendly |
Consensus in dialogue |
Participatory |
Present-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Expressive gestures |
| Malta |
Mixed Cultures |
Direct |
Let's clarify our goals |
Direct and straightforward |
Open discussions accepted |
Consensus or authoritative |
Future-oriented |
Low Power Distance |
Subtle body language |
| Cyprus |
Cultural Mix |
Participative |
Respect for all views |
Indirect but inclusive |
Consensus-based methods |
Inclusive decision making |
Present-focused |
High Power Distance |
Expressive communication |
| Kosovo |
Collectivism |
Warm |
Unity is crucial |
Indirect and polite |
Consensus through community |
Community focus |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Emphasized non-verbal cues |
| Chile |
Community-based |
Formal |
Consensus is our aim |
Formal and indirect |
Collaboration preferred |
Inclusive decision making |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Formal gestures |
| Peru |
Community-oriented |
Warm |
Let's listen to everyone |
Indirect and amiable |
Everybody's opinion matters |
Community consensus |
Long-term oriented |
High Power Distance |
Engaging body language |
| Puerto Rico |
Collectivism |
Collaborative |
Unity is strength |
Warm and respectful |
Consensus and review |
Community-based |
Present-oriented |
High Power Distance |
Gestures of closeness |
| Venezuela |
Familism |
Respectful |
Keep the relationship strong |
Warm and friendly |
Consensus-based discussions |
Collective-oriented |
Present-focused |
Very High Power Distance |
Mimic expressions |
| Papua New Guinea |
Cultural diversity |
Tribal |
Togetherness matters |
Indirect and culturally sensitive |
Negotiation with respect |
Community-based |
Present-oriented |
Very High Power Distance |
Strong kinesthetics |