Afghanistan |
Constitution of Afghanistan |
2004.0 |
3 |
Dari, Pashto |
Drafted by the Loya Jirga |
Albania |
Constitution of Albania |
1998.0 |
13 |
Albanian |
Influenced by European Union standards |
Algeria |
Constitution of Algeria |
2016.0 |
7 |
Arabic, Berber |
Last amended in 2020 |
Andorra |
Constitution of Andorra |
1993.0 |
2 |
Catalan |
Co-princes: President of France and Bishop of Urgell |
Angola |
Constitution of Angola |
2010.0 |
4 |
Portuguese |
Recognizes human rights and freedoms |
Argentina |
Constitution of Argentina |
1853.0 |
117 |
Spanish |
The oldest constitution still in effect in South America |
Armenia |
Constitution of Armenia |
2005.0 |
2 |
Armenian |
Amendments focused on strengthening presidential powers |
Australia |
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act |
1901.0 |
44 |
English |
A series of amendments, with a unique referendum requirement |
Austria |
Federal Constitution of Austria |
1920.0 |
22 |
German |
Incorporates several constitutional laws |
Azerbaijan |
Constitution of Azerbaijan |
1995.0 |
29 |
Azerbaijani |
Major reforms after independence |
Bahamas |
Constitution of the Bahamas |
1973.0 |
15 |
English |
Establishes a parliamentary democracy |
Bahrain |
Constitution of Bahrain |
2002.0 |
4 |
Arabic |
Established the National Assembly |
Bangladesh |
Constitution of Bangladesh |
1972.0 |
16 |
Bengali |
Foundation of democracy and fundamental rights |
Barbados |
Constitution of Barbados |
1966.0 |
9 |
English |
Independence from Britain |
Belarus |
Constitution of Belarus |
1994.0 |
7 |
Belarusian, Russian |
Amendments tend to expand presidential authority |
Belgium |
Constitution of Belgium |
1831.0 |
17 |
Dutch, French, German |
Federalism with a complex structure |
Belize |
Constitution of Belize |
1981.0 |
6 |
English |
Established after independence from Britain |
Benin |
Constitution of Benin |
1990.0 |
15 |
French |
Promoted democratic governance |
Bhutan |
Constitution of Bhutan |
2008.0 |
39 |
Dzongkha |
Annual review of the constitution |
Bolivia |
Political Constitution of the State |
2009.0 |
15 |
Spanish, Quechua, Aymara |
Recognizes multiple official languages |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1995.0 |
0 |
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
Part of the Dayton Agreement |
Botswana |
Constitution of Botswana |
1966.0 |
11 |
English, Setswana |
A stable parliamentary democracy |
Brazil |
Constitution of Brazil |
1988.0 |
99 |
Portuguese |
Influenced by a strong civil rights movement |
Brunei |
Constitution of Brunei |
1959.0 |
0 |
Malay |
Autocratic and Islamic governance |
Bulgaria |
Constitution of Bulgaria |
1991.0 |
23 |
Bulgarian |
Established after the fall of communism |
Burkina Faso |
Constitution of Burkina Faso |
2015.0 |
2 |
French |
Emphasizes human rights |
Burundi |
Constitution of Burundi |
2018.0 |
2 |
Kirundi, French |
Amendments focused on electoral processes |
Cabo Verde |
Constitution of Cabo Verde |
1992.0 |
10 |
Portuguese |
Emphasizes democracy and social justice |
Cambodia |
Constitution of Cambodia |
1993.0 |
12 |
Khmer |
Foundation of a parliamentary system |
Cameroon |
Constitution of Cameroon |
1996.0 |
13 |
French, English |
Amendments increase presidential powers |
Canada |
Constitution Act, 1867 |
1867.0 |
8 |
English, French |
Includes the Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
Central African Republic |
Constitution of the Central African Republic |
2016.0 |
4 |
French, Sango |
Seeks to establish democracy after civil wars |
Chad |
Constitution of Chad |
2018.0 |
2 |
French, Arabic |
Counts on secular governance |
Chile |
Political Constitution of Chile |
1980.0 |
16 |
Spanish |
Current amendments seek to establish new governance |
China |
Constitution of the People's Republic of China |
1982.0 |
19 |
Chinese |
Established state socialism |
Colombia |
Political Constitution of Colombia |
1991.0 |
66 |
Spanish |
Focuses on social justice and democracy |
Comoros |
Constitution of Comoros |
2001.0 |
6 |
Comorian, French, Arabic |
Governs islands with complex governance structure |
Congo, Democratic Republic |
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
2006.0 |
5 |
French |
Emphasizes democracy and citizens' rights |
Congo, Republic of |
Constitution of the Republic of Congo |
2015.0 |
0 |
French |
Established a presidential system |
Costa Rica |
Political Constitution of Costa Rica |
1949.0 |
33 |
Spanish |
Strong emphasis on human rights and education |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Constitution of Côte d'Ivoire |
2016.0 |
23 |
French |
Constitution rebuilt after civil conflict |
Croatia |
Constitution of Croatia |
1990.0 |
17 |
Croatian |
Establishes parliamentary democracy |
Cuba |
Constitution of the Republic of Cuba |
2019.0 |
0 |
Spanish |
Transitioning to a socialist state |
Cyprus |
Constitution of Cyprus |
1960.0 |
0 |
Greek, Turkish |
Complex governance due to ethnic divisions |
Czech Republic |
Constitution of the Czech Republic |
1993.0 |
12 |
Czech |
Mechanism for constitutional amendments defined |
Denmark |
Constitution of Denmark |
1849.0 |
11 |
Danish |
Focuses on democracy and rule of law |
Djibouti |
Constitution of Djibouti |
2010.0 |
2 |
French, Somali |
Freedom of assembly and press incorporated |
Dominica |
Constitution of Dominica |
1978.0 |
4 |
English |
Establishes a parliamentary democracy |
Dominican Republic |
Constitution of the Dominican Republic |
2010.0 |
4 |
Spanish |
Last major revision focused on civil rights |
Ecuador |
Constitution of Ecuador |
2008.0 |
16 |
Spanish |
Pioneering in rights for nature and indigenous people |
Egypt |
Constitution of Egypt |
2014.0 |
27 |
Arabic |
Emphasizes citizenship and equality |
El Salvador |
Constitution of El Salvador |
1983.0 |
35 |
Spanish |
Through the process of reconciliation after civil war |
Equatorial Guinea |
Constitution of Equatorial Guinea |
2012.0 |
1 |
Spanish, French, Portuguese |
Presidential republic with limited political rights |
Eritrea |
Constitution of Eritrea |
1997.0 |
0 |
Tigrinya, Arabic, English |
Not fully implemented yet |
Estonia |
Constitution of Estonia |
1992.0 |
11 |
Estonian |
Focused on civil liberties and human rights |
Eswatini |
Constitution of Eswatini |
2005.0 |
0 |
English, siSwati |
Absolute monarchy with limited civil rights |
Ethiopia |
Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |
1995.0 |
6 |
Amharic |
Emphasizes ethnic federalism |
Fiji |
Constitution of Fiji |
2013.0 |
2 |
English, Fijian, Hindi |
Establishes a parliament and human rights framework |
Finland |
Constitution of Finland |
2000.0 |
16 |
Finnish, Swedish |
Incorporates a wide array of rights and freedoms |
France |
Constitution of the French Fifth Republic |
1958.0 |
24 |
French |
Focuses on secularism and civil rights |
Gabon |
Constitution of Gabon |
2005.0 |
2 |
French |
Amended in light of political pressure |
Gambia |
Constitution of the Gambia |
1997.0 |
0 |
English |
After military rule and back to democratically elected governance |
Georgia |
Constitution of Georgia |
2018.0 |
7 |
Georgian |
Focuses on individual rights and rule of law |
Germany |
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany |
1949.0 |
66 |
German |
Foundation of democracy post-Nazi era |
Ghana |
Constitution of Ghana |
1992.0 |
30 |
English |
Focuses on human rights and democratic governance |
Greece |
Constitution of Greece |
1975.0 |
25 |
Greek |
Post military junta democratic restoration |
Grenada |
Constitution of Grenada |
1973.0 |
10 |
English |
Establishes a parliamentary democracy |
Guatemala |
Political Constitution of the Republic |
1985.0 |
36 |
Spanish |
Addressing historical injustices and civil rights |
Guinea |
Constitution of Guinea |
2010.0 |
3 |
French |
Historic transition toward democracy |
Guinea-Bissau |
Constitution of Guinea-Bissau |
1996.0 |
3 |
Portuguese |
Framed after independence from colonial rule |
Guyana |
Constitution of Guyana |
1980.0 |
14 |
English |
Focuses on building parliamentary democracy |
Haiti |
Constitution of Haiti |
1987.0 |
25 |
French, Haitian Creole |
Framed post-Duvalier dictatorship |
Honduras |
Political Constitution of Honduras |
1982.0 |
32 |
Spanish |
Struggles with political stability and reforms |
Hungary |
Fundamental Law of Hungary |
2011.0 |
0 |
Hungarian |
Emphasizes national identity and Christian values |
Iceland |
Constitution of Iceland |
1944.0 |
0 |
Icelandic |
Establishes parliamentary democracy |
India |
Constitution of India |
1950.0 |
105 |
Hindi, English |
Widest range of fundamental rights in world |
Indonesia |
Constitution of Indonesia |
1945.0 |
4 |
Indonesian |
Pancasila is the fundamental philosophy |
Iran |
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran |
1979.0 |
0 |
Persian |
Theocratic governance with civil principles |
Iraq |
Constitution of Iraq |
2005.0 |
0 |
Arabic, Kurdish |
Inspired by post-Saddam democratic principles |
Ireland |
Bunreacht na hÉireann (Constitution of Ireland) |
1937.0 |
38 |
Irish, English |
Focus on democratic governance and rights |
Italy |
Constitution of Italy |
1948.0 |
17 |
Italian |
Fundamentally protects personal rights |
Jamaica |
Constitution of Jamaica |
1962.0 |
12 |
English |
Focuses on democracy and human rights |
Japan |
Constitution of Japan |
1947.0 |
16 |
Japanese |
Pacesetters' commitment to peace and democracy |
Jordan |
Constitution of Jordan |
1952.0 |
26 |
Arabic |
Monarchical governance structure |
Kazakhstan |
Constitution of Kazakhstan |
1995.0 |
29 |
Kazakh, Russian |
Amended to enhance presidential powers |
Kenya |
Constitution of Kenya |
2010.0 |
13 |
English, Swahili |
New focus on devolution and human rights |
Kuwait |
Constitution of Kuwait |
1962.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Parliamentary democracy with limited political parties |
Kyrgyzstan |
Constitution of Kyrgyz Republic |
2010.0 |
0 |
Kyrgyz, Russian |
Adjusts between parliamentary and presidential systems |
Laos |
Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic |
2015.0 |
0 |
Lao |
Communist state governance |
Latvia |
Constitution of Latvia |
1922.0 |
10 |
Latvian |
Emphasizes democratic values and individual rights |
Lebanon |
Constitution of Lebanon |
1926.0 |
0 |
Arabic, French |
Confessionalism ensures representation of all groups |
Lesotho |
Constitution of Lesotho |
1993.0 |
7 |
Sesotho, English |
Provides for parliamentary democracy |
Liberia |
Constitution of Liberia |
1986.0 |
32 |
English |
Re-established post-civil war |
Libya |
Constitution of Libya |
2011.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Disputed governance following revolution |
Lithuania |
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania |
1992.0 |
13 |
Lithuanian |
Emphasizes restoration of independence |
Luxembourg |
Constitution of Luxembourg |
1868.0 |
6 |
Luxembourgish, French, German |
Framework for democracy and rule of law |
Madagascar |
Constitution of Madagascar |
2010.0 |
9 |
Malagasy, French |
Focus on democracy and human rights |
Malawi |
Constitution of Malawi |
1994.0 |
14 |
Chichewa, English |
Framed after one-party rule end |
Malaysia |
Constitution of Malaysia |
1957.0 |
27 |
Malay |
Establishes a federal constitutional monarchy |
Malta |
Constitution of Malta |
1964.0 |
0 |
Maltese, English |
Decentralization incorporated |
Marshall Islands |
Constitution of the Marshall Islands |
1979.0 |
0 |
English |
Framework for sovereignty and democracy |
Mauritania |
Constitution of Mauritania |
2017.0 |
0 |
Arabic, French |
Embedded within Islamic law |
Mauritius |
Constitution of Mauritius |
1968.0 |
8 |
English, French |
Ensures fundamental rights and freedoms |
Mexico |
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States |
1917.0 |
33 |
Spanish |
Focus on individual rights and social justice |
Micronesia (FSM) |
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia |
1979.0 |
3 |
English |
Focus on self-governance |
Moldova |
Constitution of the Republic of Moldova |
1994.0 |
19 |
Romanian |
Democracy and rule of law prioritized |
Monaco |
Constitution of Monaco |
1962.0 |
0 |
French |
Constitution limits powers of the Prince |
Mongolia |
Constitution of Mongolia |
1992.0 |
13 |
Mongolian |
Transition from communism to democracy |
Montenegro |
Constitution of Montenegro |
2007.0 |
10 |
Montenegrin |
Recognizes minority rights and freedoms |
Morocco |
Constitution of Morocco |
2011.0 |
5 |
Arabic, Amazigh |
Establishes a parliamentary monarchy |
Mozambique |
Constitution of Mozambique |
2004.0 |
3 |
Portuguese |
Recognizes social and economic rights |
Myanmar |
Constitution of Myanmar |
2008.0 |
0 |
Burmese |
Military influence in governance structure |
Namibia |
Constitution of Namibia |
1990.0 |
0 |
English, Afrikaans, German |
Derived from struggle against apartheid |
Nauru |
Constitution of Nauru |
1968.0 |
1 |
Nauruan, English |
Parliamentary democracy model |
Nepal |
Constitution of Nepal |
2015.0 |
40 |
Nepali |
Proclaims the secular nature of the state |
Netherlands |
Constitution of the Netherlands |
1814.0 |
36 |
Dutch |
Complements the rule of law |
New Zealand |
Constitution of New Zealand |
1852.0 |
2 |
English |
Consists of statutes and conventions |
Nicaragua |
Political Constitution of Nicaragua |
1987.0 |
25 |
Spanish |
Regulates political structure |
Niger |
Constitution of Niger |
2010.0 |
7 |
French |
Focuses on civil and political rights |
Nigeria |
Constitution of Nigeria |
1999.0 |
27 |
English |
Federal framework with states' rights |
North Korea |
Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
2019.0 |
0 |
Korean |
Keeps this state aligned with Juche ideology |
North Macedonia |
Constitution of North Macedonia |
1991.0 |
25 |
Macedonian |
Reaffirms independence and sovereignty |
Norway |
Constitution of Norway |
1814.0 |
12 |
Norwegian |
Oldest constitution in continuous force |
Oman |
Basic Statute of the Sultanate of Oman |
1996.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Monarchical governance with limited elections |
Pakistan |
Constitution of Pakistan |
1973.0 |
23 |
Urdu, English |
Often adjusted during military regimes |
Palau |
Constitution of Palau |
1981.0 |
5 |
English |
Focused on self-governance and sovereignty |
Panama |
Political Constitution of Panama |
1972.0 |
38 |
Spanish |
Includes protection of human rights |
Papua New Guinea |
Constitution of Papua New Guinea |
1975.0 |
0 |
English, Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu |
Emphasizes democracy and human rights |
Paraguay |
Constitution of Paraguay |
1992.0 |
5 |
Spanish, Guarani |
Promotes the separation of powers |
Peru |
Constitution of Peru |
1993.0 |
18 |
Spanish |
Focus on individual freedoms and rights |
Philippines |
1987 Constitution of the Philippines |
1987.0 |
26 |
Filipino, English |
Restored democracy post-Marcos regime |
Poland |
Constitution of the Republic of Poland |
1997.0 |
12 |
Polish |
Democratic principles established |
Portugal |
Constitution of Portugal |
1976.0 |
38 |
Portuguese |
Emphasizes pluralism and social justice |
Qatar |
Constitution of Qatar |
2005.0 |
1 |
Arabic |
Establishes a parliament and several rights |
Romania |
Constitution of Romania |
1991.0 |
22 |
Romanian |
Adopts democratic governance principles |
Russia |
Constitution of the Russian Federation |
1993.0 |
25 |
Russian |
Emphasizes federalism and democracy |
Rwanda |
Constitution of Rwanda |
2003.0 |
10 |
Kinyarwanda, French, English |
Post-genocide reconciliation emphasized |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis |
1983.0 |
3 |
English |
Establishes a parliamentary democracy |
Saint Lucia |
Constitution of Saint Lucia |
1979.0 |
5 |
English |
Democratic principles and civil rights outlined |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Constitution of Saint Vincent |
1979.0 |
3 |
English |
Parliamentary democracy established |
Samoa |
Constitution of Samoa |
1962.0 |
3 |
Samoan, English |
Emphasizes the culture and governance |
San Marino |
Constitution of San Marino |
1600.0 |
0 |
Italian |
One of the oldest constitutions still in effect |
Sao Tome and Principe |
Constitution of Sao Tome and Principe |
1990.0 |
9 |
Portuguese |
Focus on democracy and citizen rights |
Saudi Arabia |
Basic Law of Saudi Arabia |
1992.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Absolute monarchy guided by Islamic law |
Senegal |
Constitution of Senegal |
2001.0 |
12 |
French |
Complies with democratic norms |
Serbia |
Constitution of Serbia |
2006.0 |
11 |
Serbian |
Post-independence constitution |
Seychelles |
Constitution of Seychelles |
1993.0 |
12 |
Seychellois Creole, English, French |
Democratic principles and rights emphasized |
Sierra Leone |
Constitution of Sierra Leone |
1991.0 |
13 |
English |
Emerged from civil conflict stability |
Singapore |
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore |
1965.0 |
10 |
English, Malay, Mandarin, Tamil |
Democracy with significant safeguards |
Sint Maarten |
Constitution of Sint Maarten |
2010.0 |
0 |
Dutch, English |
Part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
Slovakia |
Constitution of Slovakia |
1993.0 |
14 |
Slovak |
Emphasizes democratic resilience |
Slovenia |
Constitution of Slovenia |
1991.0 |
21 |
Slovene |
Focus on sovereignty and rights |
Solomon Islands |
Constitution of the Solomon Islands |
1978.0 |
5 |
English |
Parliamentary democracy and cultural rights |
Somalia |
Provisional Constitution of Somalia |
2012.0 |
3 |
Somali, Arabic, English |
Attempts to stabilize post-conflict governance |
South Africa |
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa |
1996.0 |
18 |
Afrikaans, English, isiXhosa, isiZulu, others |
One of the most progressive in terms of rights |
South Korea |
Constitution of the Republic of Korea |
1948.0 |
10 |
Korean |
Democratic rights highlighted |
South Sudan |
Transitional Constitution of South Sudan |
2011.0 |
8 |
English |
Follows independence from Sudan |
Spain |
Spanish Constitution of 1978 |
1978.0 |
14 |
Spanish |
Promoted democracy post-Franco regime |
Sri Lanka |
Constitution of Sri Lanka |
1978.0 |
22 |
Sinhalese, Tamil, English |
Focus on ethnic representation |
Sudan |
Transitional Constitutional Document |
2019.0 |
0 |
Arabic, English |
Post-revolution governance framework |
Suriname |
Constitution of Suriname |
1987.0 |
3 |
Dutch |
Democracy restored after military rule |
Sweden |
Instrument of Government of Sweden |
1974.0 |
0 |
Swedish |
Focuses on democracy and civil rights |
Switzerland |
Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation |
1999.0 |
0 |
German, French, Italian, Romansh |
Established direct democracy |
Syria |
Constitution of Syria |
2012.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Embattled amid civil conflict and governance issues |
Tajikistan |
Constitution of Tajikistan |
1994.0 |
2 |
Tajik |
Focus on stability and Islamic values |
Tanzania |
Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |
1977.0 |
18 |
Swahili, English |
Emphasizes multiparty democracy |
Thailand |
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand |
2017.0 |
2 |
Thai |
Significant military influences historically |
Togo |
Constitution of Togo |
1992.0 |
11 |
French |
Focus on democratic governance and human rights |
Tonga |
Constitution of Tonga |
1875.0 |
1 |
Tongan, English |
Constitutional monarchy system |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago |
1976.0 |
16 |
English |
Framework for parliamentary democracy |
Tunisia |
Constitution of Tunisia |
2014.0 |
6 |
Arabic |
Established post-revolution governance framework |
Turkey |
Constitution of Turkey |
1982.0 |
18 |
Turkish |
Military influences observed in many amendments |
Turkmenistan |
Constitution of Turkmenistan |
2008.0 |
0 |
Turkmen |
Authoritarian but focuses on sovereignty |
Tuvalu |
Constitution of Tuvalu |
1978.0 |
0 |
Tuvaluan, English |
A parliamentary democracy and cumulates constitutional checks |
Uganda |
Constitution of Uganda |
1995.0 |
30 |
English, Swahili |
Focus on human rights |
Ukraine |
Constitution of Ukraine |
1996.0 |
15 |
Ukrainian |
Recognizes a multi-party system |
United Arab Emirates |
Constitution of the United Arab Emirates |
1971.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Confederation of monarchies with a unique governance structure |
United Kingdom |
Constitution of the United Kingdom |
NaN |
0 |
English |
Consists of multiple statutes and conventions |
United States |
Constitution of the United States |
1787.0 |
27 |
English |
Framework for democracy and individual liberties |
Uruguay |
Constitution of Uruguay |
1830.0 |
18 |
Spanish |
Established after independence |
Uzbekistan |
Constitution of Uzbekistan |
1992.0 |
12 |
Uzbek |
Autocratic system focused on state control |
Vanuatu |
Constitution of Vanuatu |
1980.0 |
3 |
Bislama, English, French |
Emphasizes democracy and human rights |
Vatican City |
Fundamental Law of Vatican City State |
2000.0 |
0 |
Italian |
Governed as an absolute monarchy |
Venezuela |
Constitution of Venezuela |
1999.0 |
18 |
Spanish |
Focus on socialism and people's rights |
Vietnam |
Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam |
2013.0 |
0 |
Vietnamese |
Focus on communist governance |
Yemen |
Constitution of Yemen |
2001.0 |
0 |
Arabic |
Amid ongoing conflict and governance issues |
Zambia |
Constitution of Zambia |
2016.0 |
0 |
English |
Emphasizes rights and freedoms |
Zimbabwe |
Constitution of Zimbabwe |
2013.0 |
0 |
English |
Amid ongoing political transition and reforms |