ID	Tactic	Description	Year Introduced	Key Figures	Resulting Impact	Notes
1	Greek Fire	An incendiary weapon effective against ships and fortifications	7th Century	Byzantine Navy	Superior naval combat capability	Used to great effect in naval battles
2	Heavy Cavalry Charge	Deployment of heavily armored cavalry to break enemy lines	5th Century	Belisarius	Increased battlefield mobility	Core to Byzantine cavalry tactics
3	Defensive Fortifications	Construction of walls and fortresses for protection	Constantinople Era	Theodosius II	Increased city defense	The Theodosian Walls are notable examples
4	Skirmishing	Light infantry harassing the enemy before larger engagements	7th Century	Roman legions	Disruption of enemy formations	Used by both Byzantine and previous Roman forces
5	Siege Warfare	Techniques to besiege fortified locations effectively	6th Century	Belisarius	Expanded territorial control	Involved various siege engines and tactics
6	Flanking Maneuver	Surrounding the enemy from the sides to gain advantage	5th Century	Maurice	Increased tactical flexibility	Critical in many Byzantine victories
7	Use of Spies	Gather intelligence on enemy movements and plans	7th Century	Various generals	Improved strategic decisions	Common practice in Byzantine military strategy
8	Combined Arms	Integration of different military units for coordinated attacks	6th Century	Byzantine generals	Enhanced battlefield effectiveness	Incorporates infantry, cavalry, and archers
9	Night Attacks	Engaging the enemy under the cover of darkness	7th Century	Various commanders	Element of surprise	Often used to catch opponents off guard
10	Thematic Forces	Organized military units from provincial themes to defend territory	8th Century	Byzantine Empire	Establishment of local defense	Ensured rapid response to threats
11	Relief Armies	Sending reinforcements to support besieged units	9th Century	Phokas	Saved key strongholds	Vital in Byzantine defensive strategies
12	Naval Blockades	Cutting off enemy ports to diminish supplies	8th Century	Byzantine Navy	Starved enemy forces economically	Effective against Avar and Arab fleets
13	Psychological Warfare	Using fear and intimidation to demoralize the enemy	6th Century	Justinian I	Weakened enemy resolve	Propaganda and displays of power were common
14	Stirrups	Using stirrups for stability on horseback	7th Century	NaN	Increased cavalry effectiveness	Improved combat performance of cavalry
15	Tortoise Formation	Defensive formation with shields covering troops	5th Century	NaN	Enhanced protection during approaches	Used in sieges and against missile troops
16	Ambush Tactics	Setting traps to surprise the enemy	6th Century	Various commanders	Disrupts unexpected movements	Applied in both urban and rural warfare
17	Decoy Forces	Using fake units to mislead the enemy	9th Century	Persian Wars	Diverted enemy attention	Important in strategic deception
18	Artillery Use	Deployment of catapults and trebuchets in battles	6th Century	Byzantine engineers	Fortified sieges and city defenses	Critical for urban engagements
19	Horse Archers	Use of fast-moving archers on horseback	7th Century	Timur the Lame	High mobility and range in battle	Effective in harassing slower infantry
20	Pike Phalanx	Formation of long pikes to create a barrier	4th Century	NaN	Increased infantry defense	Derived from earlier Roman tactics
21	Siege Towers	Use of mobile towers to breach city walls	6th Century	Belisarius	Enhanced siege effectiveness	Commonly used in major sieges
22	Retreat and Reform	Strategic withdrawal to regroup and counter-attack	7th Century	NaN	Maintained troop morale	Crucial for preserving forces
23	Mercenary Deployment	Hiring foreign soldiers to supplement forces	5th Century	NaN	Expanded military capabilities	Common throughout Byzantine history
24	Golden Horn Naval Superiority	Control over the Golden Horn for naval advantages	5th Century	Byzantine Navy	Secured trade routes and military transport	Strategic chokepoint in Constantinople
25	Use of Elephants	Incorporating elephants in battle for psychological effects	6th Century	NaN	Intimidation factor	Less common, but memorable in campaigns
26	Fleeting Retreats	Faking retreats to draw the enemy into ambushes	9th Century	NaN	Useful in larger battles	A classic deception tactic
27	Horsemen Assault	Charging enemy lines with cavalry to break formations	7th Century	Various commanders	Disrupted enemy cohesion	Often led by elite cavalry units
28	Chain of Command	Well-defined military hierarchy for effective leadership	5th Century	NaN	Streamlined operations and commands	Important for organizational effectiveness
29	Battering Rams	Tools for breaching fortified gates during sieges	6th Century	NaN	Critical for urban assaults	Utilized alongside other siege tactics
30	Coordinated Attacks	Simultaneous strikes from different units	7th Century	NaN	Maximized confusion and damage	Enhanced overall tactical performance
31	Cavalry Flanking	Using cavalry to engage from the sides	6th Century	Byzantine generals	Disrupted enemy formations	Key in cavalry-centric battles
32	Recruitment of Local Forces	Enlisting local militias for defense	8th Century	NaN	Strengthened resistance	Essence of the thematic system
33	Use of Crossbows	Deploying crossbows for range and power	8th Century	NaN	Increased infantry firepower	Effective against armored troops
34	Forts along Trade Routes	Building fortified outposts for security	5th Century	NaN	Protected economic interests	Key for Byzantine trade expansion
35	Naval Harassment	Quick strikes against enemy ships to disrupt supply	9th Century	Byzantine Navy	Interruption of enemy logistics	Common in Mediterranean
36	Diversionary Tactics	Creating distractions to mislead the enemy	7th Century	NaN	Gained tactical advantages	Used in both land and naval warfare
37	Use of Spiked Barriers	Deploying barriers to slow down cavalry advances	6th Century	NaN	Protected infantry units	Common in defensive strategies
38	Fortified Bases	Establishing strongholds for operations in hostile areas	6th Century	NaN	Served as operational hubs	Tactics for long campaigns
39	Trojan Defense	Hiding troops within fortifications to surprise attackers	5th Century	NaN	Effective against siege forces	Classic defensive tactic
40	Relocation of Forces	Moving troops rapidly across territories	7th Century	NaN	Maintained strategic flexibility	Key for responding to threats
41	Infantry Shield Wall	Creating a wall of shields for protection	5th Century	NaN	Enhanced defensive capabilities	Derived from classical warfare
42	Use of Smoke Screens	Using smoke to obscure troop movements	9th Century	NaN	Distracted enemy vision	Useful in retreats or surprises
43	Royal Guard Units	Deployment of elite units for protection	4th Century	NaN	Guarantee of safety for rulers	Symbol of power and authority
44	Tactical Retreats	Purposeful withdrawal to a stronger position	5th Century	NaN	Countered unfavorable battles	Preserved forces for future encounters
45	Flaming Arrows	Using fire arrows to ignite enemy positions	6th Century	NaN	Increased psychological pressure	Standard in siege tactics
46	Concentration of Forces	Pooling troops for a decisive engagement	7th Century	NaN	Increased chances of victory	Used in major battles
47	Mobile Infantry Units	Deploying infantry capable of rapid movement	8th Century	NaN	Enhanced field maneuverability	Flexibility in engagements
48	Fortress Assaults	Strategies for taking fortified locations	7th Century	NaN	Gained critical territory	Requires teamwork and resources
49	Guerrilla Warfare	Small, mobile groups to harass the enemy	9th Century	Varied leaders	Disrupted larger forces	Utilized in mountainous or difficult terrain
50	Construction of Moats	Digging trenches around fortifications	6th Century	NaN	Enhanced defenses against siege	Commonly included in fort design
51	Supply Route Control	Securing logistics to maintain flow of resources	5th Century	NaN	Crucial for sustained operations	Engaged in all campaigns
52	Use of Siege Engines	Constructing advanced machines for assaults	6th Century	NaN	Critical for urban warfare	Included trebuchets and mangonels
53	Baiting the Enemy	Creating an enticing target to lure attacks	7th Century	NaN	Allowed for counter-strikes	Effective with strong defense setups
54	Separate Forces Engagement	Dividing troops into smaller units	6th Century	NaN	Spread out enemy fire	Used in diverse battlefield situations
55	Intensive Training Programs	Rigorous training for soldiers	7th Century	NaN	Improved troop performance	Standard across Byzantine military
56	Deployment of Artillery Crews	Stationing artillery in strategic locations	6th Century	NaN	Increased range and damage	Required logistics and quick support
57	Use of Spies in Infiltration	Infiltrating enemy ranks for inside intelligence	8th Century	NaN	Critical for strategic advantages	Integrating espionage with military tactics
58	Cavalry Raids	Quick raids into enemy territory by cavalry	6th Century	NaN	Disrupted enemy supply lines	Effective in rural areas
59	Port Blockades	Blocking enemy access to crucial ports	7th Century	NaN	Secured naval superiority	Weakened enemy economies
60	Aerial Reconnaissance	Utilizing birds and signals for monitoring	9th Century	NaN	Improved situational awareness	An early form of reconnaissance
61	Emphasis on Shieldbearers	Prioritizing heavy infantry with shields	6th Century	NaN	Improved line strength	Core to infantry tactics
62	Use of Relay Stations	Establishing stations for quick communication	8th Century	NaN	Facilitated rapid messaging	Essential for army coordination
63	Pincer Movement	Surrounding the enemy from two sides	7th Century	NaN	Crucial for overpowering foes	Often a final blow in engagements
64	Disguised Armies	Hiding troop numbers and locations	5th Century	NaN	Confused the enemy about strengths	Commonly employed
65	Urban Warfare Tactics	Adapting strategies for city battles	6th Century	NaN	Critical for city defenses	Incorporated buildings into tactics
66	Reinforced Battlements	Strengthening fortifications against sieges	8th Century	NaN	Extended defense capabilities	Important in major cities
67	Strategic Alliances	Forming pacts with neighboring states	5th Century	NaN	Strengthened military efforts	Common in Byzantine diplomacy
68	Naval Diversion	Using ships to divert attention from land attacks	7th Century	NaN	Gained time for planning	Combined land and naval strategies
69	Winter Campaigns	Conducting campaigns in winter months	9th Century	NaN	Gained surprise against unprepared enemies	Risky but often effective
70	Artillery Positioning	Strategically placing artillery in battles	6th Century	NaN	Maximized range while minimizing risks	Significant for heavy fire
71	Improvised Defenses	Creating makeshift barriers on the battlefield	6th Century	NaN	Enhanced temporary defenses	Responded to changing circumstances
72	Cavalry Screen	Using cavalry to protect the main troop body	7th Century	NaN	Protected slower infantry	Ensured better movement on fields
73	Feigned Flight	Pretending to retreat to lure enemy into trap	5th Century	NaN	Allowed for counter-offensive	Famous in many historical battles
74	Logistics Management	Planning and securing supply needs	8th Century	NaN	Crucial point in campaigns	Involved both food and equipment
75	Reform of Military Codes	Updating laws and expectations for soldiers	9th Century	NaN	Improved discipline	Adapted to changing warfare
76	Use of Message Boards	Establishing boards for military news	6th Century	NaN	Streamlined communication	Useful in large armies
77	Ranged Warfare Tactics	Utilizing archers and slingers effectively	7th Century	NaN	Increased battlefield versatility	Very common in Byzantine conflicts
78	Commanders Training	Specialized training for generals and leaders	6th Century	NaN	Improved leadership during campaigns	Highly valued in the empire
79	Reinforced Marinas	Establishing sturdy naval bases	9th Century	NaN	Increased naval power projection	Vital for sustained naval operations
80	Colony Defense Tactics	Strategies to support trade colonies	6th Century	NaN	Increased security for economic hubs	Key to protecting trade routes
81	Deployment of Mixed Units	Combining different types of soldiers in battles	8th Century	NaN	Enhanced tactical flexibility	Maximized strengths of varieties
82	Naval Coordination	Synchronizing naval operations for maximum effect	7th Century	NaN	Ensured successful fleet operations	Key in major attempts at naval superiority
83	City Defense Drills	Practicing for emergency situations	5th Century	NaN	Prepared citizens for attacks	Essential for urban centers
84	Defensive Line Construction	Focus on building strong military lines	6th Century	NaN	Increased resistance against forces	Often built around cities
85	Cross-Regional Support	Coordination between different military regions	8th Century	NaN	Improved organizational capacity	Vital for provincial defenses
86	Capture of Enemy Leaders	Targeting enemy command structures	9th Century	NaN	Weakened adversary's morale	Often a specific plot in battles
87	Incorporation of Artisans	Utilizing craftsmen in military planning	7th Century	NaN	Advanced technology application	Innovative siege and weapon technologies
88	Formation of Local Defense Units	Establishing territorial militia units for protection	5th Century	NaN	Strengthened local defenses	Adapted to unique areas
89	Training in Naval Warfare	Specialized training for naval engagements	6th Century	NaN	Increased maritime combat effectiveness	Standard practice in the empire
90	Building Watchtowers	Establishing lookout points to monitor enemy movements	8th Century	NaN	Improved surveillance	Increased readiness for attacks
91	Utilization of Drones	Using message-carrying birds for communication	9th Century	NaN	Early form of communication systems	Was effective in various campaigns
92	Cavalry Outflanking	Using cavalry to strike at exposed enemy flanks	7th Century	NaN	Critical in gaining momentum	Commonly executed by successful generals
93	Encirclement Operations	Surrounding enemy formations for total defeat	8th Century	NaN	Decisive in major battles	Required excellent troop coordination
94	Decisive Battles	Focusing on a single significant encounter	6th Century	NaN	Delivering a total victory or defeat	Often altered empire threads
95	Troop Rotation Systems	Implementing a method of rotating troops in battle	9th Century	NaN	Ensured soldier freshness and reduced fatigue	Key to prolonging engagements
96	Building Expeditionary Forces	Deploying forces for distant campaigns	6th Century	NaN	Extended influence beyond borders	Common during territorial expansion
97	Drill Exercises & Maneuvers	Regular practices for improving battlefield effectiveness	5th Century	NaN	Kept soldiers prepared and cohesive	Standard military routine
98	Use of Cavalier Tactics	Mobile heavy cavalry to disrupt formations	7th Century	NaN	Critical impact on enemy lines	Executed with precision by skilled cavalry
99	Use of Light Infantry	Fast-moving units for flexibility in attacks	6th Century	NaN	Adopted on many fronts	Integrated into combined arms strategies
100	Foam Munitions	Non-lethal impacts for training purposes	8th Century	NaN	Innovative military practice	Ensured safe preparations
101	Breach and Clear Assaults	Surprise entries into fortified areas	9th Century	NaN	Tactics in urban settings	Commonly used by elite units
102	Civilian Defense Tactics	Engaging civilians in securing areas	7th Century	NaN	Strengthened local responses	Involved various programs for awareness
103	Resupply Strategies	Securing provisions during campaigns	8th Century	NaN	Crucial for prolonged engagements	Strategic and vital decisions
104	Relay Navigation Tactics	Utilizing markers for troop paths	6th Century	NaN	Ensured efficient routes	Essential in expansive territories
105	Synchronization of Attacks	Coordinating multiple forces for simultaneous strikes	9th Century	NaN	Maximized impact	Dependent on effective communication
106	Coastal Defense Systems	Implementation of naval strategies to protect shores	5th Century	NaN	Originally developed for Aegean protection	Vital for overall security
107	Utilizing Local Geography	Leveraging terrain advantages during conflicts	7th Century	NaN	Improved tactical decisions	Essential across multiple engagements
108	Engagement in Terrain Specific Tactics	Adjusting strategies based on landscape	8th Century	NaN	Enhanced effectiveness	Maximized local potential
109	Control of Trade Networks	Securing and managing economic routes	6th Century	NaN	Ensured supply flow for armies	Common in defense strategies
110	Documentation and Planning	Accurate accounts of strategies used	5th Century	NaN	Enabled future military innovations	Important aspect of leadership
111	Fleet Maneuver Strategies	Tactics for maneuvering ships in battles	9th Century	NaN	Increased naval efficiency	Needed thorough training for crews
112	Counter-Insurgency Operations	Tactics against local insurrections or rebellions	6th Century	NaN	Secured stability in territories	Common with Balkan populations
113	Encouragement of Local Production	Supporting local production of arms and supplies	7th Century	NaN	Secured self-sufficiency during campaigns	Integrated into strategic plans
114	Emergency Response Teams	Rapidly mobilizable troops for crises	8th Century	NaN	Critical in defending against sudden threats	Included cavalry and infantry
115	Preparation for Seasonal Warfare	Adapting strategies to seasonal weather variations	9th Century	NaN	Effective across different climates	Ensured operational readiness
116	Structured Retreat Protocols	Clearly defined methods for withdrawal	6th Century	NaN	Maintained order in retreats	Trained in various scenarios
117	Merge Strategy Development	Creating strategies by combining successful tactics	7th Century	NaN	Enhanced the effectiveness	Common practice among leaders
118	Deception in War Planning	Misdirection during the planning phases	8th Century	NaN	Misled adversaries	Implemented in numerous strategies
119	Intelligence Gathering Methods	Establishing protocols for information collection	5th Century	NaN	Ensured decision-making efficacy	Integral for successful engagements
120	Use of Banners and Signals	Communication through visuals on the battlefield	7th Century	NaN	Ensured rapid communication	Essential part of warfare
121	Training of Navigators	Creating expert navigators for naval engagements	6th Century	NaN	Key to successful naval operations	Focused on detailed mapping skills
122	Fire and Fortification Tactics	Adapting fire strategy with fortifications	5th Century	NaN	Focused on defense strategies	Integrated into siege methods
123	Effectiveness of Quick Strikes	Prioritizing quick, powerful assaults on weaker points	9th Century	NaN	Decisive advantages in battles	Basic principle in rapid attacks
124	Cross-Cultural Military Strategies	Borrowed strategies from enemy practices	8th Century	NaN	Increased strategic diversity	Common in military adaptations
125	Tactical Withdrawals	Organized retreats to a safer location	6th Century	NaN	Maintained morale and formations	An alternative to defeat
126	Naval Trade Security Protocols	Securing trade ships against piracy	5th Century	NaN	Enhanced trade safety	Commonly used in Mediterranean paths
127	Employment of Iconography	Using symbols to boost morale or intimidate	9th Century	NaN	Psychological leverage	Often seen in state proclamations
128	Adaptations to Territorial Changes	Modifying strategies based on borders and territories	8th Century	NaN	Ensured relevance in military planning	Key for dynamic warfare
129	Investment in Intelligence Infrastructure	Strengthening espionage networks	7th Century	NaN	Improved information flow	Standard practice in Byzantine governance
130	Balancing Offensive and Defensive Strategies	Creating well-rounded military strategies	5th Century	NaN	Flexibility in engagements	Common in Byzantine scholarship
131	Additions of Advanced Technologies	Implementing new tools and tactics	6th Century	NaN	Enhanced military effectiveness	Include artillery and navigational aids
132	Civil Leadership and Military Integration	Bringing civilian leaders into military consultations	8th Century	NaN	Improved support and resource management	Common modeling for governance
133	Command Structure Optimization	Refining line commands for clarity	5th Century	NaN	Streamlined battlefield communication	Essential for effective decisions
134	Preemptive Strikes	Attacking before the enemy can organize	9th Century	NaN	Gained early advantages	Often based on intelligence
135	Securing Alliance Contributions	Maintaining terms with allies	6th Century	NaN	Expanded military resources	Common during campaigns
136	Use of Propaganda	Delivering messages to secure public support	7th Century	NaN	Secured loyalty in territories	Often involved clerical structures
137	Charitable Military Help	Offering aid to local communities	5th Century	NaN	Secured cooperation in military efforts	Aided in obtaining support
138	Surveillance Tactics	Tools and methods for checking enemy positions	8th Century	NaN	To monitor and evaluate threats	Integrated within broader intelligence
139	Deployment of Civilian Support Roles	Engaging non-military in support roles	7th Century	NaN	Enhanced battlefield operations	Utilized in various ways
140	Training with Simulated Engagements	Creating drills to prepare for actual combats	6th Century	NaN	Improved preparedness	Commonly involved various scenarios
141	Maximizing Coastal Defenses	Enhancing security near coasts	9th Century	NaN	Protected key areas from invasions	Focused on naval strength
142	Utilization of Refuge Systems	Creating safe zones during threats	6th Century	NaN	Protected key populations	Often during invasions
143	Use of Shield Bearer Formations	Deploying formations with interlocked shields	7th Century	NaN	Increased defense against missile troops	Critical during sieges
144	Talent Development for Leadership	Identifying and supporting new leaders	5th Century	NaN	Ensured military sustainability	Vital for longevity of empires
145	Regulated Military Supplies	Maintaining strict guidelines for resources	8th Century	NaN	Improved supply chain management	Critical during extended campaigns
146	Mapping and Geography Training	Teaching military leaders on terrain and mapping	6th Century	NaN	Enhanced strategic awareness	Key for engagements
147	Deployment of Field Hospitals	Creating medical support units for armies	9th Century	NaN	Improved soldier recovery times	Essential for long campaigns
148	Water Supply Protection Tactics	Ensuring water sources are secure	7th Century	NaN	Vital for prolonged sieges	Commonly ensured during warfare
149	Training in Arts of Negotiation	Preparing leaders for discussions and peace talks	8th Century	NaN	Secured better outcomes in conflicts	Standard practice
150	Development of Mourning Protocols	Addressing losses and ensuring troop morale	8th Century	NaN	Served to maintain unit cohesion	Important for ongoing operations